Synergistic effect and degradation mechanism on Fe-Ni/CNTs for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fe-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles supported on CNTs (Fe-Ni/CNTs) were synthesized, characterized, and applied for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP)...     

UiO-66/氧化石墨烯的制备及对水中四氯化碳的吸附

采用溶剂热法制备了UiO-66和UiO-66/氧化石墨烯复合材料;以水中四氯化碳为处理对象,研究了吸附时间、污染物浓度及温度等因素对吸附过程的影响,并对吸附过程进行动力学和热力学模拟探讨。结果表明,当四氯化碳浓度为10 mg·L-1、30 ℃时,吸附反应在6 h达到平衡,四氯化碳的去除率为87.5%。UiO-66/氧化石墨烯材料对四氯化碳的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型。热力学结果显示ΔG0、ΔS>0,由此判断吸附过程是自发、吸热和熵增加的过程。UiO-66/氧化石墨烯材料中比表面积、表面分散力和晶体缺陷的增加使其对四氯化碳具有更好的吸附性能。     

Selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from contaminated water using non-covalent imprinted microspheres

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in water was prepared as microspheres by the reverse microemulsion polymerization method based on the non-covalent interactions between 2,4-DCP, oleic acid, and divinylbenzene in acetonitrile. Microspheres have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) studies with evidence of 2,4-DCP linkage in polymer particles and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study their morphological properties. The proper adsorption and selective recognition ability of the MIP were studied by an equilibrium-adsorption method. The MIP showed outstanding affinity towards 2,4-DCP in aqueous solution and the optimum pH value for binding has been found around the neutral range. The molecular recognition of 2,4-DCP was analyzed in detail by using molecular modeling software. In addition, by investigating the variation in the adsorption ability of the MIP, it clearly showed excellent reproducibility.     

Comparison of the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol and phenol from polluted water, by peroxidases from tomato hairy roots, and protective effect of polyethylene glycol

Multiple efforts have been directed towards optimized processes in which enzymes, like peroxidases, are used to remove phenolic compounds from polluted wastewater. Here we describe the use of peroxidase isoenzymes from tomato hairy roots, which were able to oxidise 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and phenol from aqueous solutions. This could be an interesting alternative for the removal of these compounds from contaminated sites. We used different enzyme fractions: total peroxidases (TP), ionically bound to cell wall peroxidases (IBP), basic (BP) and acidic peroxidases (AP). We analyzed the optimum conditions of removal, the effect of Polyethyleneglycol (PEG-3350) on the process and on the enzyme activities, to obtain the maximum efficiency. The optimal H2O2 concentrations for 2,4-DCP and phenol removal were 1 and 0.1mM, respectively. TP, IBP and BP showed better removal efficiencies than AP, for both contaminants. The addition of different concentrations (10-100mg l(-1)) of PEG-3350 to solutions containing 2,4-DCP showed no effect on the removal efficiencies of the isoenzymes. However, PEG (100mg l(-1)) increased the removal efficiency of phenol by BP and IBP fractions. On the other hand, peroxidase activities from BP and IBP fractions were 3 and 13 times higher, respectively, than those detected for the same fractions in phenol treated solutions without PEG. The protective effect of PEG, which depends on the contaminant as well as of the enzyme fraction used, would be important to improve the removal efficiency of phenol by some peroxidase isoenzymes.     

水合氧化铁改性竹炭去除水中磺胺甲噁唑

研究了水合氧化铁(HFO)改性竹炭对水中磺胺甲噁唑的去除效果,考察了磺胺甲噁唑初始浓度与初始pH对去除效果的影响,并对去除过程中磺胺甲噁唑及其产物的发光细菌的急性毒性进行了评价。实验结果表明,采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及红外光谱(FTIR)对改性竹炭进行表征确定水合氧化铁负载改性的方法是可行的,改性竹炭能显著提高竹炭对水中磺胺甲噁唑的去除效果,在磺胺甲噁唑20、40和80 mg/L 3个初始浓度条件下,在HFO改性竹炭反应体系中,其反应速率常数为原竹炭的19.0~32.2倍;改性竹炭对水中磺胺甲噁唑的去除过程符合准一级动力学,反应速率常数随初始浓度的升高而减小,反应速率常数随pH的变化规律为pH 8>pH 4>pH 1,表明水中磺胺甲噁唑以阴离子形态存在时更易于去除;改性竹炭去除磺胺甲噁唑的过程中有反应产物生成,发光细菌毒性测定结果表明,反应体系的发光抑制率从反应起始时的96.1%下降到了84.2%(144 h),说明采用HFO改性竹炭去除磺胺甲噁唑有利于减弱反应体系的毒性。     

2,4-二氯苯酚溶液的挥发性及其处理对策

研究了温度、pH、曝气等因素对2，4-二氯苯酚溶液挥发性的影响。结果表明，高温、低pH及高曝气量可提高2，4-二氯苯酚的挥发程度。研究表明，直接电解法处理此类废水效率较低，针对此情况提出了应注意的事项及基本处理对策。     

活性炭/铁氧化物复合材料催化降解水中的苯酚

为了获得优良催化性能和分离性的复合材料,通过采用化学共沉淀法,把活性炭和铁氧化物进行复合,制备得到活性炭/铁氧化物复合材料。利用非均相Fenton反应处理模拟苯酚废水,考察了不同因素对苯酚去除率的影响。结果表明,在100 mL 100 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水中,复合材料m=0.1 g,温度为35℃,H2O2投加量为3 mL,pH=3,苯酚的去除率达到99%以上。制备得到的活性炭/铁氧化物复合材料具有磁性,能通过简单的磁分离技术就能快速从溶液中分离出来。通过对复合吸附材料降解稳定性的研究,发现经过5次循环使用后,苯酚去除率均在93%以上,表明其具有良好的循环使用性能。     

有机膨润土负载纳米零价铁还原-类芬顿氧化降解2,4-二氯苯酚

目前,虽然有很多关于纳米零价铁(NZVI)通过吸附、还原和氧化作用去除各种污染物的报道,但关于如何联合这些方法来提高污染物的去除率仍然不是很清楚。本实验研究了联合有机膨润土DK1(十六烷基三甲基铵盐改性,d(001)=2.2 nm)吸附、NZVI还原、类芬顿氧化作用来去除溶液中2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)的方法。在反应前30分钟,有机膨润土DK1负载NZVI(NZVI/DK1)通过吸附还原作用去除溶液中2,4-DCP,2,4-DCP和COD的去除率分别为16.1%和7.8%,说明了吸附还原作用对2,4-DCP的去除效果是有限的。接着向溶液中滴加适量的H2O2,在5 min内2,4-DCP的去除率由16.1%提高到了99%以上,COD的去除率达到了64.1%,这可能是由于NZVI腐蚀形成铁的氧化物缓慢释放出Fe2+和Fe3+,增强了芬顿反应对2,4-DCP和降解产物的氧化去除效果。通过SEM,EDS,UV-Vis和GC-MS等分析方法佐证了上面的结果。最后提出了联合吸附、还原和Fenton氧化去除2,4-DCP的机制。     

Low-cost adsorbents from bio-waste for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution

Activated carbons (ACs) were developed from bio-waste materials like rice husk and peanut shell (PS) by various physicochemical activation methods. PS char digested in nitric acid followed by treatment at 673 K resulted in high surface area up to ～585 m²/g. The novelty of the present study is the identification of oxygen functional groups formed on the surface of activated carbons by infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and quantification by using temperature programmed decomposition (TPD). Typical TPD data indicated that each activation method may lead to varying amounts of acidic and basic functional groups on the surface of the adsorbent, which may be a crucial factor in determining the adsorption capacity. It was shown that ACs developed during the present study are good adsorbents, especially for the removal of a model textile dye methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. As MB is a basic dye, H₂O₂-treated rice husk showed the best adsorption capacity, which is in agreement with the acidic groups present on the surface. Removal of the dye followed Langmuir isotherm model, whereas MB adsorption on ACs followed pseudo-second-order kinetics.     

纳米有机膨润土对苯酚的吸附性能研究

通过对天然膨润土改性,制备纳米有机膨润土并用于吸附苯酚,探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH、纳米有机膨润土投加量等因素对苯酚吸附的影响。结果表明,吸附在5 min内快速达到平衡,溶液pH可以影响苯酚在溶液中的状态,是影响苯酚吸附性能的重要因素。纳米有机膨润土吸附苯酚的过程可用伪二级反应动力学方程来描述,伪二级吸附速率常数为1.3 g/(mg.min)。吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温方程,在25℃时,Langmuir理论最大吸附容量可达到536.32 mg/g,吸附热力学参数表明吸附过程是自发的、放热的物理吸附过程。     

Environmentally friendly synthesis of Fe2O3@SiO2 nanocomposite: characterization and application as an adsorbent to aniline removal from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Silica-based nanocomposite syntheses employ many harmful substances, which, in turn, demand the development of new synthetic environmental-friendly...     

Application of Brassica napus hairy root cultures for phenol removal from aqueous solutions

Phenolic compounds present in the drainage from several industries are harmful pollutants and represent a potential danger to human health. In this work we have studied the removal of phenol from water using Brassica napus hairy roots as a source of enzymes, such as peroxidases, which were able to oxidise phenol. These hairy roots were investigated for their tolerance to highly toxic concentrations of phenol and for the involvement of their peroxidase isoenzymes in the removal of phenol. Roots grew normally in medium containing phenol in concentrations not exceeding 100 mg l(-1), without the addition of H(2)O(2). However, roots were able to remove phenol concentrations up to 500 mg l(-1), in the presence of H(2)O(2), reaching high removal efficiency, within 1h of treatment and over a wide range of pH (4-9). Hairy roots could be re-used, at least, for three to four consecutive cycles. Peroxidase activity gradually decreased to approximately 20% of the control, at the fifth cycle. Basic and near neutral isoenzymes (BNP) decreased along time of recycling while acidic isoenzymes (AP) remained without changes. Although both group of isoenzymes would be involved in phenol removal, AP showed higher affinity and catalytic efficiency for phenol as substrate than BNP. In addition, AP retained more activity than BNP after phenol treatment. Thus, AP appears to be a promising isoenzyme for phenol removal and for application in continuous treatments. Furthermore, enzyme isolation might not be necessary and the entire hairy roots, might constitute less expensive enzymatic systems for decontamination processes.     

炭化百合杆对废水中苯酚的吸附

采用聚乙二醇活化原材料百合杆,分别在300％和600℃对活化后百合杆进行炭化,制得炭化百合杆,用于吸附废水中的苯酚。实验考察了pH值、吸附时间和吸附质初始浓度对苯酚吸附的影响,采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin．Radushkevich等温式分别对该吸附过程进行描述,并结合实验数据对比了准一级和准二级动力学模型。结果表明：炭化百合杆对苯酚的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温式和准二级动力学模型,计算了热力学参数（△G、△H和△s）,说明该吸附过程为自发进行。碳化百合杆对苯酚具有良好吸附性能。     

Surfactant-assisted adsorption of uranyl ions in aqueous solution on TiO2/polythiophene nanocomposite

In this work, hexadecyltrimethylammonium-bromide (HTAB)-modified polythiophene (PTh)/TiO₂ nanocomposite (HTAB/PTh/TiO₂) was applied to remove uranyl ions (UO₂²⁺). FT-IR, XRD, ζ potential, TGA, SEM, and XPS were utilized to obtain the chemical and physical properties of HTAB/PTh/TiO₂. The effects of HTAB content, preparation temperature, and adsorption conditions on UO₂²⁺ removal were investigated comprehensively. And the UO₂²⁺ adsorption process on HTAB/PTh/TiO₂ was fitted to the Sips model with a saturated adsorption capacity of 234.74 mg/g, which was 6 times over TiO₂. The results suggested that the surfactant of HTAB can significantly improve the adsorption ability of TiO₂ for UO₂²⁺ ions. This work provides a strategy of surfactant modification for enhancing the separation and recovery ability of adsorbent toward UO₂²⁺ in the radioactive wastewater.

     

氧化树脂的制备及其对水溶液中2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附研究

用H₂O₂或HNO₃氧化的方法制备了新型吸附树脂ZH-07和ZH-08,同时研究了它们对不同温度下水溶液中2,4-二氯苯酚的静态吸附和脱附特征,并对其吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明,经氧化后的树脂ZH-07和ZH-08对水溶液中2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附过程存在化学吸附作用,可以提高它们对水溶液中2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附容量。     

Modified biochar from Moringa seed powder for the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, Moringa seed powder (MSP) was pyrolyzed at 450 °C to synthesize Moringa seed powder biochar (MSPB) and treated with phosphoric...     

NiFe2O4/ZnAl-LDH吸附去除水中Cr(VI)

采用共沉淀法合成磁性复合材料NiFe2O4/ZnAl-LDH,通过静态吸附试验考察复合材料去除水中Cr（VI）的性能,系统地研究了溶液初始pH值、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和温度等因素对Cr（VI）去除效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液初始pH值为2、初始Cr（VI）浓度为50 mg·L-1、吸附剂投加量为4 g·L-1时,吸附过程在240 min内达到平衡,此时Cr（VI）的去除率为89.5%。动力学和吸附等温式的研究表明：NiFe2O4/ZnAl-LDH吸附Cr（VI）的过程符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型。热力学参数表明该吸附过程为自发、放热的反应过程,低温有利于吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附。吸附剂经4次再生后对Cr（VI）仍有83.1%的去除率,且其在外加磁场的作用下能快速与水溶液分离,因此NiFe2O4/ZnAl-LDH可作为去除水中Cr（VI）的良好吸附剂。     

超声-过氧化氢-氧化铜组合技术催化氧化水中苯酚

研究了超声-H2O2-CuO组合技术对苯酚的降解效果。考察了苯酚初始浓度、溶液温度及鼓入空气对苯酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明，与未鼓入空气时相比，连续鼓气时苯酚的降解效果较好；初始浓度低，苯酚去除率高；溶液温度从20％上升到55％时，苯酚去除率随温度升高而增大，温度对该过程的影响主要表现为对催化剂的影响而不是对超声作用的影响。高效液相色谱分析表明，苯酚降解的中间产物主要为对苯二酚、邻苯二酚及其他有机小分子物质，最终产物为草酸、二氧化碳和水。     

超声-过氧化氢-氧化铜组合技术催化氧化水中苯酚

研究了超声-H2O2-CuO组合技术对苯酚的降解效果。考察了苯酚初始浓度、溶液温度及鼓入空气对苯酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明,与未鼓入空气时相比,连续鼓气时苯酚的降解效果较好;初始浓度低,苯酚去除率高;溶液温度从20℃上升到55℃时,苯酚去除率随温度升高而增大,温度对该过程的影响主要表现为对催化剂的影响而不是对超声作用的影响。高效液相色谱分析表明,苯酚降解的中间产物主要为对苯二酚、邻苯二酚及其他有机小分子物质,最终产物为草酸、二氧化碳和水。     

Removal of 2,4-D from aqueous solution by the adsorbents from spent bleaching earth

The removal of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) from aqueous solutions by activated spent bleaching earths (SBE) was studied at 20 degrees C. Experiments were performed as a function of time, initial concentration, dose and particle size of the adsorbent. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption equations were fitted by the adsorption data obtained. The values of Langmuir and Freundlich constants were determined. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow Lagergren equation. Both the boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion played important roles in the adsorption rate of 2,4-D. As the size of the adsorbent increased, the time to reach equilibrium increased but adsorption capacity decreased.