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磺胺间甲氧嘧啶在土壤中的吸附/解吸特性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过吸附/解吸动力学、吸附/解吸热力学试验研究了磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)在河南土壤上的吸附/解吸行为,并分析了影响SMM吸附/解吸的因素。结果表明,SMM在土壤中的吸附系数为18.9mL/g,土壤有机碳吸附系数为466.2mL/g,SMM在土壤中具有一定的移动性,对地下水和地表水存在一定的污染风险;描述SMM吸附过程的最优动力学方程为一级反应动力学方程,土壤对SMM的吸附近似于一级反应,且SMM在土壤中的吸附以物理吸附为主;用Freundlich方程来描述SMM在土壤的等温吸附行为最适宜,且SMM在土壤中的吸附经验常数的倒数均小于1,属于L-型吸附等温线。 相似文献
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粉尘性质对电除尘器性能影响的试验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在半工业化的电除尘器实验系统装置上进行了烧结灰、飞灰、煤铁混合样的粒径分布及粉尘的真密度对电除尘器性能影响的实验研究。结果表明,电除尘器能有效捕集亚微米粉尘,对烧结灰净化最适合的粒径范围为1.37~2.03μm(η高达100%);对煤铁混合样的最适合粒径范围为3.30~7.25μm(η高达100%);电除尘器对煤铁混合样的粒径小于2.24μm的分级效率η高达92.36%。在同等试验条件下,电除尘器对烧结灰和煤铁混合样的总除尘效率为96.87%,高于飞灰的总除尘效率92.61%。 相似文献
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Abstract The pH‐disappearance rate profiles were determined at ca. 25°C for 24 insecticides at 4 or 5 pH values over the range 4.5 to 8.0 in sterile phosphate buffers prepared in water‐ethanol (99: 1 v/v). Half‐lives measured at pH 8 were generally smaller than at lower pH values. Changes in half lives between pH 8.0 and 4.5 were largest (>1000x) for the aryl carbamates, carbofuran and carbaryl, the oxime carbamate, oxamyl, and the organophosphorus insecticide, trichlorfon. In contrast, half lives of phorate, terbufos, heptachlor, fensulfothion and aldicarb were affected only slightly by pH changes. Under the experimental conditions described half lives at pH8 varied from 1–2 days for trichlorfon and oxamyl to >1 year for fensulfothion and cyper‐methrin. Insecticide persistence on alumina (acid, neutral and basic), mineral soils amended with aluminum sulfate or calcium hydroxide to different pH values and four natural soils of different pH was examined. No correlation was observed between the measured pH of these solids and the rate of disappearance of selected insecticides applied to them. These observations demonstrate the difficulty of extrapolating the pH dependent disappearance behaviour observed in homogeneous solution to partially solid heterogeneous systems such as soil. 相似文献
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Study on the cytotoxicity of microcystin-LR on cultured cells 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The toxicity of purified blue-green algal toxin, microcystin-LR, on permanent cell lines KB, NIH/3T3, H-4-II-E, HeLa, Vero, Hep G2, Caco-2 and HL-60 was studied. Assessment of cell viability using colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays indicated that purified microcystin-LR induced toxic effect on KB and H-4-II-E cell lines after 96 h incubation at toxin concentrations greater than 18.75 microg/ml. KB cell line was selected for further study when reproducibility, consistency and sensitivity were considered. Significant amounts of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were released from KB cells when incubation durations were 72 and 96 h with toxin concentrations of 18.75 microg/ml and higher. Although previous studies suggested that microcystin-LR had no cytotoxic effect on permanent cell lines, LDH release assay performed on KB cells indicated that exposure to microcystin-LR could result in damage to the cell membrane. 相似文献
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Column study of the influence of air humidity on the retention of hydrocarbons on soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
García-Herruzo F Rodríguez-Maroto JM García-Delgado RA Gómez-Lahoz C Vereda-Alonso C 《Chemosphere》2000,41(8):1167-1172
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is used for the analysis of the influence of air relative humidity on the retention of hexane, benzene, toluene and p-xylene in a sandy soil under experimental conditions similar to those typical of soil vapor extraction (SVE). The advantages of IGC over other techniques, are (a) an efficient use of lab resources, (b) a high sensitivity to low partitioning coefficients and (c) a closer reproduction of field conditions. In our procedure, experiments with only two samples of different mass are necessary to establish if linear isotherms can be used to describe the retention of the contaminants. This approach gives information necessary for analyzing the feasibility and design of remediation technologies with a laboratory effort significantly smaller than the adsorption/desorption cycle for isotherm determination. The retention coefficients of the contaminants decrease as humidity increases in a similar fashion for all of them, probably because the reduction in the number of the adsorption sites available for the organic compounds due to the presence of water is quite similar for all the contaminants studied. These retention coefficients may be related to those obtained for dry air conditions for all the contaminants through (R - 1)RH% = A(R - 1)dry air(B), where the parameter B is found to remain approximately constant (0.90), while the parameter A decreases linearly with the relative moisture. 相似文献
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研究了自然通风生物滴滤池内浮石、聚氨酯两种填料的挂膜特性,考察不同工况下的污水净化规律。结果表明,浮石填料在生物滴滤池内的挂膜效果更好,挂膜成功后对COD、NH+4-N均有较好的去除效果,去除率大都分别达到70%~85%、60%~80%,且小粒径浮石比大粒径浮石的去除效果更佳。聚氨酯填料在第9天挂膜成功,大粒径聚氨酯填料对COD的去除效果略好于小粒径聚氨酯填料,挂膜成功后两者对COD的去除率均可以达到60%~80%,而对NH+4-N的去除效果较差,去除率仅达到10%~40%。浮石填料生物滴滤池对TN、TP的去除率较好,当水力负荷为0.85m3/(m2·d)时,TN、TP去除率分别为45.58%、38.44%,而聚氨酯填料生物滴滤池对TN、TP的去除率较差。浮石在挂膜生物量上占优势,聚氨酯的孔径较大,污水流经时停留时间较短,使得微生物不易附着其上。 相似文献
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Riveros Gustavo Urrutia Homero Araya Juan Zagal Erick Schoebitz Mauricio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(6):7997-8011
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics (MPs) correspond to plastics between 0.1 μm and 5 mm in diameter, and these can be intentionally manufactured to be microscopic or... 相似文献
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The sorption behaviors of nitrobenzene on marine sediments were systematically investigated in this study. The nitrobenzene sorption on both HCl-treated and untreated sediments accorded well with the linear sorption isotherm. It occurred primarily through partition function of organic carbon of sediments. In comparison, the sorption behavior of nitrobenzene on H2O2-treated sediments was nonlinear and conformed to Langmuir isotherm. Sorption of nitrobenzene on H2O2-treated sediment was mainly through surface function of sediment minerals such as clays. With the increase of ionic strength (salinity), solubility of nitrobenzene in solution would decrease. At the same time, the release of dissolvable part of organic carbon into water solution would also decrease. As a result, partition coefficient and saturate adsorption amount of nitrobenzene on marine sediments increased with increasing salinity of seawater. Contrary to the influence of salinity, partition coefficient and saturate adsorption amount of nitrobenzene decreased with increasing temperature. 相似文献
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细菌质粒中常带有一些可编码降解特殊有毒物质酶的基因,为了研究质粒对有毒物质CN^-的降解的意义,主要调查了焦化废水中好氧异养菌的质粒分布特点。从山西省焦化企业公司生化站、太原煤气公司焦化厂生化站中筛选出53株细菌,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法,采用GDS-8000型凝胶电泳分析仪进行拍照,同时测定各菌株降氰、降酚能力,CN^-采用异烟酸-毗唑啉酮法,酚采用4-氨基安替比林法测定。结果表明,质粒的存在与降氰力有一定的关系,但对降酚力的影响差异不显著。同时,通过对其中11^*号菌株进行了质粒转化和消除实验,证明质粒稳定,不可用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)消除掉,用E.cbli DHI作受体菌,用11^#菌株作供体菌。作转化实验,但由于种种原因,没有筛洗到转化子。 相似文献
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