响应曲面法优化土壤镉浸提过程

以温度、提取时间、土液比为研究因素,考察浸提剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA-2Na）对土壤Cd浸提率的影响。首先,以单因素实验为基础,研究3因素单独对土壤Cd浸提率的影响,结果发现随着3因素水平的提高,土壤Cd浸提率整体呈上升趋势,在一定的范围内（温度20~25 ℃、提取时间50~90 min、土液比1:2~1:5）,土壤Cd浸提率增大较为明显,分别上升了35%、8%、17%,而随着3因素水平的提升（温度30~35 ℃、提取时间130~170 min、土液比1:7~1:10）,土壤Cd浸提率上升了5%、1%、4%;其次,采用响应曲面分析法中Box-Behnken中心实验设计法,建立了基于土壤Cd浸提率影响因素的二次函数预测模型,结果表明,模型预测值与实验实测值较为接近,各实验点几乎全部位于1:1线。在3因素研究范围内,当温度为30 ℃、提取时间为130 min、土液比约为1:6.5时,土壤Cd浸提率效果最佳。所得结论有助于进一步改进浸提剂EDTA-2Na对土壤Cd的浸提效率。     

响应曲面法优化HMBR去除TN的工艺条件

采用复合式膜生物反应器HMBR处理低C/N(3-5)实际生活污水,TN含量17~45 mg/L。基于CCD响应曲面法,考察了溶解氧DO、水力停留时间HRT和污泥龄SRT的单独作用及交互作用,并建立TN去除率数学模型。结果表明,影响因子显著性顺序为HRT>SRT>DO,三者间存在一定的交互作用,但并不显著;数学模型回归性较好,预测最大TN去除率为75%,最佳条件组合为:DO=3.79 mg/L,HRT=8.84 h,SRT=33.62 d,验证实验结果TN的去除率为73%,与预测值相比偏差仅为3%。采用HMBR处理低C/N生活污水,可以满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准中对TN≤15 mg/L的限制要求。     

响应曲面法优化固相反硝化的工艺条件

以一种新型可降解材料PLA/PHBV共混物为碳源和生物膜载体,对硝酸盐污染水进行反硝化脱氮。在温度为(29±1)℃,pH为(7.5±0.2)条件下,利用响应曲面法考察了进水硝态氮浓度、水力停留时间(HRT)和出水硝态氮浓度之间的关系,建立了以出水硝态氮浓度为响应值的二次多项式回归模型,模型预测值与实验值能很好吻合。方差分析结果表明,进水硝态氮浓度和HRT及其交互作用对响应值均具有显著性影响(P<0.01)。     

磁性壳聚糖改性硅藻土吸附去除水中的铅离子

采用壳聚糖与Fe3O4对硅藻土进行混合改性,制备出一种吸附效果好、且能从液相中磁分离的新型复合吸附剂。通过SEM、XRD、VSM和FTIR等手段对其进行表征,并探究溶液pH、吸附剂投加量以及吸附温度等条件对水溶液中Pb2+吸附效果的影响。结果表明：壳聚糖和Fe3O4都能够负载到硅藻土上面。当溶液pH为5、吸附剂投加量为10 g·L-1、初始浓度为10 mg·L-1时,Pb2+去除率可以达到96.4%。吸附过程较好地符合假二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,热力学数据说明该吸附是吸热、自发的过程。     

响应面法优化电渗析处理褐藻酸钠废水工艺

采用电渗析器处理过滤的褐藻酸钠废水,褐藻酸钠废水初始水质如下:Ca2+(56 mg/L)、Cl-(1 808 mg/L)、电导率(7.24 mS/cm)。处理目标值如下:Ca2+(60 mg/L)、Cl-(300 mg/L)、电导率(2.50 mS/cm)。运用Design-Expert分析软件,采用Box-Behnken的中心组合设计方法,研究了流量、电压及淡水浓水体积比及其交互作用对直流电耗的影响。建立了电渗析处理褐藻酸钠废水的二次多项数学模型,并以电渗析的直流电耗为响应值做响应面,确定电渗析处理褐藻酸钠废水的最佳工艺条件为:流量200 L/h、电压40 V、淡水浓水体积比1∶1。在此条件下电渗析的直流电耗最小为0.45 kWh/kg,电渗析器处理后的水质如下:Ca2+(56 mg/L)、Cl-(259 mg/L)、电导率(2.00 mS/cm),达到处理目标。     

响应面法优化超临界CO2流体处理油基钻屑工艺

采用超临界CO2流体处理油基钻屑,考察了萃取温度、萃取压力以及分离温度对油基钻屑油相回收率的影响,在单因素实验基础上,应用响应面法最终确定超临界CO2流体处理油基钻屑的最佳条件为：萃取压力21 MPa,萃取温度55℃,分离温度64℃。各因素对油相回收率的影响依次为：萃取压力 > 分离温度 > 萃取温度。在最佳条件下,油相回收率为99.65%,处理后废渣油相含量0.08%,满足《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》（GB 4284-84）,同时达到GB18599-2001的Ⅱ类固废物要求,可安全处置。     

响应面法优化石油降解菌性能的研究

从延长油田石油污染土壤中筛选出4株能以原油为唯一碳源生长的细菌单菌株,鉴定其优势菌株YC-2为枯草芽孢杆菌;利用响应面法进行实验设计,选定培养温度、pH值、氮磷比以及盐度为影响因素,对原油含量为0.5%的培养基进行YC-2菌株降解工艺优化,得到了原油降解率与4种因素之间的非线性回归方程,确定了降解原油的最优工艺条件:培养温度28℃;pH值6.5,氮磷比5.2:1,盐度0.45%。在最优条件下,预测降解率为53.9%,实验验证值为52.5%,结果显示,建立的模型具有较高的精度。     

响应面分析法优化稀土废水MAP沉淀法脱氮

经过预处理后的稀土生产废水,其氨氮浓度大幅降低,但并未达到中华人民共和国《稀土工业污染物排放标准》（GB26451-2011）中氨氮浓度限值。实验通过响应面分析法中的Box-Behnken实验设计（BBD）,取pH、n（Mg）：n（N）、n（P）：n（N）3因素,采用Design-Expert 8.0.6,建立合适的剩余氨氮浓度及剩余总磷浓度模型,得到回归方程,并分析模型各项指标,各因素及其相互作用对剩余氨氮浓度及剩余总磷浓度的影响。利用预测模型预测最佳实验条件,在最佳实验条件下验证预测结果,并对沉淀物进行X射线衍射（XRD）分析。结果显示,二次响应模型适用于剩余氨氮浓度及剩余总磷浓度,2个模型均拥有较好的拟合程度、可信度及精密度,最优反应条件为：pH=9.88、n（Mg）：n（N）=1.50：1、n（P）：n（N）=1.38：1时,剩余氨氮浓度为46.58 mg/L,剩余总磷浓度为7.85 mg/L。在最优条件下所得到的沉淀物并非纯净的MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O,还有Mg₃（PO₄）₂·22H₂O生成。     

响应曲面法优化复合絮凝剂的制备工艺

为了提高染料废水中COD和色度的去除效果,采用响应曲面法对聚硅酸类新型复合絮凝剂的制备工艺进行了优化实验研究。在单因素实验基础上采用Box-Behnken Design(BBD)实验设计方法,设计出了影响染料废水处理效果的3因素3水平共15组实验,其中n(Fe+Al):n(Si)的摩尔比为4～6,n(B+Mg):n(Si)的摩尔比为0.3～0.7,熟化时间为1～3 d。根据15组实验结果,以COD去除率和色度去除率为响应值分别建立了二次多项式响应曲面模型。模型优化结果显示,在n(Fe+Al):n(Si)摩尔比为5∶1,n(B+Mg):n(Si)为0.5∶1,熟化时间为2 d的条件下,制备得到的新型复合絮凝剂聚硅酸铝铁硼镁具有最佳的絮凝处理性能和脱色效果,能有效去除染料废水中的COD和色度,其中出水色度接近于0,COD的去除率达到87.65%,模型验证实验进一步验证了本文所建立的响应曲面法在复合絮凝剂制备工艺优化中的有效性。     

Box-Behnken响应曲面优化铁炭微电解降解结晶紫

在单因素实验的基础上,以结晶紫脱色率为评价指标,铁炭比、反应时间与曝气量为考察因素,采用Box-Be-hnken响应曲面法优化铁炭微电解降解结晶紫的工艺条件,同时得出相应的数学模型。实验表明,在结晶紫初始浓度为100mg/L和体积为300 mL,pH为3,反应时间为80 min,铁屑的投加量为20 g,铁炭质量比为2∶1,曝气量为20 L/h的条件下,铁炭微电解对结晶紫的脱色率可达到89.6%。通过Box-Behnken响应曲面可知,铁炭比、反应时间、曝气量以及铁炭比和反应时间的交互作用对结晶紫的脱色率均有显著影响,其中曝气量对脱色率的影响尤为显著;回归模型决定系数R2=0.9067,P=0.039,表明此模型拟合程度良好,且模型显著。铁炭微电解降解结晶紫最佳的工艺条件为:铁炭比为2.4∶1,反应时间为84 min、曝气量为40 L/h,脱色率为93.25%,回归模型的预测值与测定值偏差率为2.26%。     

响应面法优化克浅十油田废水的混凝沉淀工艺

以克浅十污水处理站原水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀工艺,探讨优选出的复配混凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量及静置时间对原水中浊度和总铁去除效果的影响.应用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,建立混凝剂对处理原水的二次多项式数学模型,确定了混凝沉淀去除原水浊度和总铁的优化工艺参数分别为:复配混凝剂投加量为152.15 mg/L、143.84 mg/L,助凝剂投加量为4.14 mg/L、4.32 mg/L,静置时间为11.77 min、11.22 min.在此工艺条件下回归方程得到的浊度和总铁的去除率预测值与实验值接近,且拟合性良好,误差介于3％～5％之间.通过均值内插法,对比浊度和总铁的多元二次回归方程,推导得出的2组最佳工艺条件均能满足浊度和总铁的去除要求.     

Application of response surface methodology to the removal of the antibiotic tetracycline by electrochemical process using carbon-felt cathode and DSA (Ti/RuO2-IrO2) anode

The removal of antibiotic tetracycline (TC) from water by electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) was performed using a carbon-felt cathode and a DSA (Ti/RuO(2)-IrO(2)) anode. The influence of applied current, initial pH and initial TC concentration on TC removal efficiency was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken statistical experiment design (BBD) was applied to analyze the experimental variables. The positive and negative effects of variables and the interaction between variables on TC removal efficiency were determined. The applied current showed positive effect, while the initial pH value and initial tetracycline concentration gave negative effect on TC removal. The interaction between applied current and initial pH value was significant, while the interactions of initial TC concentration with applied current or initial pH were not pronounced. The results of adequacy check confirmed that the proposed models were accurate and reliable to analyze the variables of EAOP. The reaction intermediates were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique and a plausible degradation pathway for tetracycline degradation was proposed. The acute toxicity experiments illustrated that the Daphnia magna immobilization rate reached the maximum after 240 min of electrolysis and then decreased with the progress of the reaction.     

Removal of SO2 from smelting flue gas by using copper tailings with MnSO4: factors optimization by response surface methodology

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The abatement of SO2 and the utilization of copper tailings are identified as two attention-attracting environmental issues in the copper smelter. In...     

Heterogeneous Fenton-like discoloration of Rhodamine B using natural schorl as catalyst: optimization by response surface methodology

A cationic dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), could be efficiently discolored by heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by natural schorl. In this work, with the main goal of the optimization for RhB discoloration, central composite design under the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the experiment design and process optimization. The significance of a second-order polynomial model for predicting the optimal values of RhB discoloration was evaluated by the analysis of variance and 3D response surface and counter plots for the interactions between two variables were constructed. The Pareto graphic analysis of the discoloration process indicated that, among all the variables, solution pH (X ₃, 47.95 %) and H₂O₂ concentration (X ₁, 24.39 %) had the largest influences on the heterogeneous Fenton-like discoloration of RhB. Based on the model prediction, the optimum conditions for RhB discoloration were determined to be 45 mM H₂O₂ concentration, 2.5 g/L schorl dosage, solution pH 2, and 110 min reaction time, with the maximum RhB discoloration ratio of 98.86 %. The corresponding experimental value of RhB discoloration ratio under the optimum conditions was determined as 99.31 %, which is very close to the optimized one, implying that RSM is a powerful and satisfactory strategy for the process optimization.     

响应面法优化污泥电渗透脱水工艺参数

以泥饼含固率作为衡量污泥脱水效果的指标,采用响应面法进行污泥电渗透脱水工艺参数的优化研究。结果表明,最佳反应条件为初始污泥含固率为8.58%,初始电压梯度为20.88 V/cm,初始污泥厚度为2.25 cm,此条件下得到的污泥含固率为48.82%(预测值为48.45%)。方差分析结果表明,回归模型达到显著水平,在研究区域(初始污泥含固率:5%~10%、初始电压梯度12~30 V/cm、初始污泥厚度:1~2.5 cm)内拟合较好,与实验结果吻合度较高。     

酸根离子对铝板电絮凝处理含镍废水的影响

电絮凝是去除废水中重金属离子的有效技术。本研究考察了常见酸根离子SO42-、Cl-、NO3-和H2PO2-对铝板电絮凝除Ni2+的影响。结果表明,SO42-、Cl-、NO3-均有利于Ni2+的去除,其中由于NO3-的还原可提高铝阳极溶解效率,因此,当其浓度从0.0186增至0.186 mol/L时,反应30 min后Ni2+去除率从77.9%升至99.8%。H2PO2-会降低絮体絮凝活性并钝化电极,从而显著降低Ni2+去除率,其浓度从0.0186 mol/L增至0.372 mol/L,反应60 min后Ni2+去除率从91.7%降至30.5%。另外,对各阴离子存在下溶解态铝絮体聚合度以及电解过程pH的检测,进一步揭示这4种离子对电絮凝影响机制。     

Medium optimization for the production of anti-cyanobacterial substances by Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 using response surface methodology

Bioremediation using isolated anti-cyanobacterial microorganism has been widely applied in harmful algal blooms (HABs) control. In order to improve the secretion of activated anti-cyanobacterial substances, and lower the cost, a sequential optimization of the culture medium based on statistical design was employed for enhancing the anti-cyanobacterial substances production and chlorophyll a (Chl a) removal by Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 in the paper. Sucrose and KNO₃ were selected as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources based on the one-at-a-time strategy method, and sucrose, KNO₃ and initial pH were found as major factors that affected the anti-cyanobacterial ability of the isolated stain via the Plackett–Burman design. Based on the response surface and canonical analysis, the optimum condition of culture medium was obtained at 22.73 g l^-1 of sucrose, 0.96 g l^-1 of KNO₃, and initial pH 8.82, and the Chl a removal efficiency by strain HJC-D1 increased from 63?±?2 % to 78?±?2 % on the optimum conditions.     

Box-Behnken响应曲面法优化耐盐复合菌剂的脱氮条件

确定耐盐复合菌剂的脱氮条件是提高脱氮率的关键,为了获得最佳脱氮条件,以耐盐复合菌剂为研究对象,脱氮率为评价指标,初始氨氮浓度、m（C）：m（N）和投加量为考察因素,利用Box-Behnken响应曲面法优化耐盐复合菌剂的脱氮条件,同时通过Design-Expert 8.0.6数据处理软件得出相应的回归模型以及最优值。实验表明：最佳脱氮条件为初始氨氮浓度为121.15 mg·L-1、m（C）：m（N）为15.10、投加量为5.27%,此条件下实际脱氮率为98.45%（预测值为99.31%）。响应曲面方差分析结果表明,回归模型适应性显著,在研究区域内拟合效果好,相关性好,实验误差较小,能够真实描述各影响因素与响应值（脱氮率）之间的真实关系。     

Subcritical water oxidation of propham by H2O2 using response surface methodology (RSM)

This study was conducted to investigate the degradation of propham, which is a compound that pollutes water and seriously threatens human health, by subcritical water oxidation and using H₂O₂ as an oxidising agent. The maximum total organic carbon removal rate of propham was obtained as 73.65% at 40 min of treatment time and 60 mM of H₂O₂ concentration and 373 K of temperature. In addition, response surface method based on the Box-Behnken design was applied to design the degradation experiments of propham for determination of the combined effects of process variables, namely temperature, concentration of oxidising agent and treatment time. The proposed quadratic model of propham degradation, which was examined with the analysis of variance, was used for navigating the design space. The R² and adjusted R² values of the model were determined as 0.9921 and 0.9819 respectively. It was shown that propham was effectively degraded, thus could be removed from the water by using an environmentally friendly method.     

Optimization of electro-oxidation process for the treatment of Reactive Orange 107 using response surface methodology

Introduction  

Textile industries release large amount of wastewater to the environment which alters the clarity of water, interfere with light penetration, and pose toxicity to microbes and fish species. In order to remove the dye from wastewater, this study aimed to optimize electro-oxidation process for the degradation of textile dye C.I. Reactive Orange 107 in wastewater using a statistical tool.