环境政策对环境技术创新的影响

环境政策对技术创新具有正负两个方面的影响。本文详细分析了不同类型环境政策的技术效应 ,并阐述了环境政策的未来发展方向及其对技术创新的影响     

Substance-related environmental monitoring

Background  Due to the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive and other legal regulations (e.g., national laws like the German Federal Soil Protection Act), but also due to the implementation of the new EU chemicals management system REACH, environmental monitoring will gain increasing importance for the surveillance of environmental quality as well as for the assessment of chemicals. Against this background, the Work Group on ‘Environmental Monitoring’ of the Division of ‘Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology’ within the German Chemical Society has compiled a position paper on substance-related environmental monitoring. Scope  Core elements of this position paper are the definitions of important terms like monitoring, exposure monitoring, effect monitoring, and integrated monitoring. Moreover, temporal and spatial aspects (monitoring of spatial distributions, trend monitoring, and retrospective monitoring) and their applications are discussed. The main focus of this position paper is the coverage of aspects which have to be observed for the preparation and implementation of a monitoring program. Essential is the clear specification of the targets of the monitoring which determine the development of the monitoring concept and its realization, e.g., if environmental media (compartments) or organisms are most appropriate as samples for the aim of the study. Of course, also the properties of the target substances are important (e.g., lipophilicity/bioaccumulation as pre-requisite for an exposure monitoring with organisms). Finally, the monitoring phases of sample planning, sampling, storage and transport of samples, selection of analytical methods, quality assurance measures as well as reporting are discussed. Perspectives  An important issue for the future is to link the quantification of chemicals in environmental compartments (exposure and pollution monitoring) more closely to the study of biological effects (effect monitoring) than has been the case up to now. Furthermore, by inclusion of a spatial differentiation, a comprehensive evaluation of the state of an ecosystem can be obtained and the relevance of the results improved. Practical examples of monitoring studies which illustrate various aspects covered in this position paper will be presented in a series of publications by members of the Work Group in the following issues of this journal.

初始环境评审中环境因素的识别和评价方法

初始环境评审是组织建立和实施环境管理体系的基础，而环境因素的识别和评价是这一过程的关键。探讨了识别和评价环境因素的准则，介绍了几种环境因素的识别和评价方法。     

A nexus between environmental literacy,environmental attitude and healthy living

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It has been widely acknowledged that environmental literacy can provide a strong foundation for future environmental responsiveness, as well as help...     

环保催化剂在环境保护中的应用研究进展

环境问题是人类不能回避的现实问题 ,以环境保护为目的的催化化学在解决环境保护问题中起着核心作用。本文从狭义上综述了除去SO2 、NOX、CO2 及N2 O等污染物质用的环保催化剂的种类和应用研究进展以及未来环保催化剂的研究发展方向。重点介绍了环保催化剂在脱硫、脱氮及净化汽车尾气方面的应用情况     

环保科技投入与环保产业发展的区域差异研究

采用多维区域差异指数衡量了 1994— 2 0 0 0年间环保科技投入的地区差异和 1996— 2 0 0 0年间环保产业年产值的地区间差异 ,得到了两者的年度变化趋势 ,并分析了近年来环保科技投入地区差异扩大的原因。     

环保疏浚的技术要求与环保绞刀的设计

湖泊底泥环保疏浚是消除内源性污染最快捷、最有效的方法，并为生态恢复创造条件，而环保绞刀是湖泊底泥环保疏浚的必要条件。阐述了环保疏浚的技术要求，设计了绞吸式挖泥船用环保绞刀，满足了湖泊底泥环保疏浚的需要。     

环保疏浚的技术要求与环保绞刀的设计

湖泊底泥环保疏浚是消除内源性污染最快捷、最有效的方法,并为生态恢复创造条件,而环保绞刀是湖泊底泥环保疏浚的必要条件.阐述了环保疏浚的技术要求,设计了绞吸式挖泥船用环保绞刀,满足了湖泊底泥环保疏浚的需要.     

Developing interdisciplinary environmental frameworks

The purpose of this article is to review interdisciplinary systemic frameworks of environmental protection and evaluate their use as tools, educational policymaking and education. We analyze the pressures-state-responses (PSR) framework of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the drivers-pressures-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework developed in the European Environment Agency and a later environmental political dynamics framework developed by Schroll and Staerdahl. We then continue the discussion by introducing a comprehensive model, labeled as the environmental protection process (EPP) framework that can be used to analyze and teach why there are environmental problems, what are their characteristics, and in which ways they can be mitigated. The EPP model is used for classifying measures of coping with environmental problems. Finally, a submodel of individual and societal factors affecting human action is formed. Environmental issues of transport are used as an illustrative example. We hope to contribute a relevant way to outline a wide interdisciplinary picture of environmental problems and solutions.     

Cyclodextrin-enabled green environmental biotechnologies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Most of the organic compounds contaminating the environment can form inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins resulting in enhanced solubility (a...     

Towards integrated environmental assessment support for the European Community's environmental action programme process

This paper firstly discusses the strategy for integrated environmental assessment (IEA) at the European Environment Agency (EEA), addressing the principles, definition and scope, and summarising the state of the art. The IEA process is described within the framework of the DPSIR concept a chain of causal links going from Driving Forces, Pressures, States to Impacts, which finally leads to political Responses. A key objective of IEA is to facilitate the framing and implementation of policies and strategies. Secondly, the paper summarises the results of the first broader exercise of IEA at the EEA an environmental assessment of the European Community's Fifth Action Programme. Although limited in scope, the exercise provides lessons to be learned. Therefore, the paper concludes, assessments should be validated and be based on the most up-to-date findings, and links need to be created and maintained with the appropriate scientific/research communities. The IEA concept and its approaches should be further elaborated on a European scale according to prominent environmental problems that have a transboundary or a multi-national character. Cost-benefit studies should be enhanced. Finally, improved information is required on the DPSIR framework, including the interrelationship between the economic and environmental systems.     

The nexus between environmental regulations,economic growth,and environmental sustainability: linking environmental patents to ecological footprint reduction in South Asia

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental sustainability has become a major concern for policymakers across the globe. In this regard, understanding the factors responsible for...     

Economic growth and environmental pollution in Myanmar: an analysis of environmental Kuznets curve

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This empirical study examines the short- and long-run relationship between GDP as an economic growth indicator and CO2 emissions as an environmental...     

Spider webs as environmental indicators

Analysis of spider webs from limestone arches in New South Wales, Australia showed levels of lead and zinc to be several times higher at Jenolan Caves than reference sites at Abercrombie and Wombeyan Caves. The high concentrations at Jenolan were attributed to emissions from motor vehicles that travel through the arch. Analysis of water-soluble ions in webs from Jenolan and Abercrombie Caves showed large differences between the sites, which could be explained by differences in the geology and biology of the cave environments. Spider webs proved useful indicators of environmental chemistry and undoubtedly have applications beyond the cave environments studied here.     

环境影响后评价的最新进展与建议

结合《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》的有关条款,探讨了环境影响后评价的概念、分类、适用对象、意义和内容,提出了环境影响后评价的管理和实施程序.结合多年的实践,分析了目前环境影响后评价工作在理论、方法和管理上存在的问题,提出了改进和完善的建议.案例实践表明,开展环境影响后评价有助于提高环境影响评价制度的有效性.