Investigation of performance enhancement of solar still incorporated with Gallus gallus domesticus cascara as sensible heat storage material

In this research work, the conventional single slope still (CSS) with egg shells of breed Gallus gallus domesticus cascara as sensible heat storage (SHS) material are studied experimentally to enhance the yield. In this experimental investigation, the proposed single slope still (PSS) with SHS material was made in comparison with the CSS to evaluate the productivity of fresh water under the same ambient conditions. Comparatively, this PSS has higher thermal conductivity than the CSS. The yield obtained from the PSS is 2.46 L/m², while the yield from the CSS is 2.07 L/m². The average rate at which the rise of output fresh water obtained from the PSS is 18% more than the fresh water output obtained from the CSS. The daily energy efficiency of the PSS is 26.07%, and for the CSS, it is only 22.25%. The daily exergy efficiency of the PSS is 2.36%, and for the CSS, it is only 1.67%. Since using the egg shell will employ as organic waste management and modification in this still is economical, less initial, and maintenance cost.

     

Orographic enhancement of snowfall

Field studies have been conducted at a hill site in Scotland to measure the variation with altitude of wet deposition by snowfall. The results showed that, due to wind drift effects, snowflakes were captured very inefficiently by snow collectors. It was therefore not possible to measure an increase in precipitation with altitude. The average concentrations of principal ions dissolved in the snow water were calculated over a two-month period. The results showed that the concentrations increased by factors of between 1.4 and 1.9 with an altitude rise of 400 m. A model of the orographic enhancement of snowfall by the seeder-feeder effect showed that the orographic enhancements of precipitation and pollutant deposition were significantly greater for snowfall than for rainfall. The wind drift of snow crystals and the evaporation of precipitation in dry valley air were important in determining the patterns of deposition.     

Electrokinetic enhancement removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater sludge

An enhanced electrokinetic process for removal of metals (Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) from an industrial wastewater sludge was performed. The electrokinetic experiments were conducted under a constant potential gradient (1.25 V cm(-1)) with processing fluids of tap water (TW), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and citric acid (CA) for 5 days. Results showed that metal removal efficiency of heavy metals for EK-TW, EK-SDS and EK-CA systems are 11.2-60.0%, 37.2-76.5%, and 43.4-78.0%, respectively. A highest metal removal performance was found in EK-CA system. The removal priority of investigated metals from sludge by EK process was found as: Cu > Pb > Ni > Fe > Zn > Cr. The results of sequential extraction analysis revealed that the binding forms of heavy metals with sludge after electrokinetic process were highly depend upon the processing fluid operated. It was found that the binding forms of metals with sludge were changed from the more difficult extraction type (residual and sulfate fractions) to easier extraction types (exchangeable, sorbed, and organic fraction) after treatment by electrokinetic process. Results imply that if a proper treatment technology is followed by this EK process to remove metals more effectively, this treated sludge will be more beneficial for sludge utilization afterwards. Before it was reused, the risk associated with metals of more mobile forms to the environment need to be further investigated. The cost analysis was also evaluated for the investigated electrokinetic systems.     

超声波强化给水污泥沉降和脱水性能的研究

就超声波强化给水污泥沉降和脱水性能进行了研究.通过对SV、比阻和滤饼含水率等指标的分析发现,短时间的超声预处理可以明显改善污泥的沉降和脱水性能,且低频(25 kHz)比高频(147.9 kHz)时效果更好.当超声波声密度0.25 W/mL,超声时间3 s时,污泥滤饼含水率比原污泥下降4.7%.最佳超声波声密度0.45 W/mL.短时间超声条件下,超声波与絮凝剂的联用可以进一步降低污泥滤饼含水率,且达到相同滤饼含水率时可减少絮凝剂用量约80%,投资费用大大减小.超声波可以取代絮凝剂促进污泥的沉降性能.     

超声波强化给水污泥沉降和脱水性能的研究

就超声波强化给水污泥沉降和脱水性能进行了研究.通过对SV、比阻和滤饼含水率等指标的分析发现,短时间的超声预处理可以明显改善污泥的沉降和脱水性能,且低频（25 kHz）比高频（147.9 kHz）时效果更好.当超声波声密度0.25 W/mL,超声时间3 s时,污泥滤饼含水率比原污泥下降4.7%.最佳超声波声密度0.45 W/mL.短时间超声条件下,超声波与絮凝剂的联用可以进一步降低污泥滤饼含水率,且达到相同滤饼含水率时可减少絮凝剂用量约80%,投资费用大大减小.超声波可以取代絮凝剂促进污泥的沉降性能.     

Performance enhancement of solar photovoltaic system for roof top garden

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The photovoltaic (PV) for irrigation system is an emerging technology to harness the solar energy. The performance of the PV modules depends on the...     

污水源热泵机组性能的研究

利用热泵系统回收城市污水中的热能,既开发了一种清洁能源,同时又降低了城市废热的排放,保护了环境.通过对以水源热泵为中心设备的污水热能回收与利用实验装置冬季供暖工况的实验研究,考察了热泵机组在以污水(模拟)为热源时的工作性能,测得热泵机组性能系数为2.61.     

污水源热泵机组性能的研究

利用热泵系统回收城市污水中的热能，既开发了一种清洁能源，同时又降低了城市废热的排放，保护了环境。通过对以水源热泵为中心设备的污水热能回收与利用实验装置冬季供暖工况的实验研究，考察了热泵机组在以污水（模拟）为热源时的工作性能，测得热泵机组性能系数为2．61。     

污染土壤电动修复增强方法研究进展

污染土壤电动修复是一项新兴绿色原位修复技术。其原理是在土壤上施加直流电场 ,利用电迁移和电渗去除污染物 ,土壤pH、Zeta电位以及土壤化学性质等因素影响电动修复效果。为了提高修复效率和扩大电动修复应用范围 ,现在已经发展了针对不同类型土壤和污染物的增强修复技术。本文归纳总结了 1995年以来土壤电动修复中常用增强处理效果的 8种方法 ,即酸碱中和法、阳离子选择膜法、电渗析法、络合剂法、表面活性剂法、氧化 还原法、EK 生物联用和LasagnaTM法 ,且对每种方法的典型实验装置、增强原理、方法特点和适用范围等进行了分析和讨论 ,为以后的实验设计提供了有益的参考     

Electrokinetic enhancement of phenanthrene biodegradation in creosote-polluted clay soil

Given the difficulties caused by low-permeable soils in bioremediation, a new electrokinetic technology is proposed, based on laboratory results with phenanthrene, to afford bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in clay soils. Microbial activity in a clay soil historically polluted with creosote was promoted using a specially designed electrokinetic cell with a permanent anode-to-cathode flow and controlled pH. The rates of phenanthrene losses during treatment were tenfold higher in soil treated with an electric field than in the control cells without current or microbial activity. Results from experiments with Tenax-assisted desorption and mineralization of 14C-labeled phenanthrene indicated that phenanthrene biodegradation was limited by mass-transfer of the chemical. We suggest that the enhancement effect of the applied electric field on phenanthrene biodegradation resulted from mobilization of the PAH and nutrients dissolved in the soil fluids.     

水中有机污染物超声强化氧化技术研究进展

超声波技术在化学、环境、制药以及生物等领域有着广阔的应用前景。在降解水中难降解有机污染物方面 ,超声强化氧化技术有一定优势 ,降解效果显著 ,符合绿色环保技术的要求。超声强化氧化技术主要可分为超声空化技术、超声强化化学 (催化 )氧化技术、超声强化电化学 (催化 )氧化技术、超声强化光化学 (催化 )氧化技术、超声 生物降解等几大类 ,本文对各类技术的优缺点进行了评述。     

Microbial enhancement of Cu2+ removal capacity of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)

Bacteria resistant to Cu2+, Ni2+ or Zn2+ were isolated from the rhizosphere of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)) and their metal ion removal capacities (RCs) were determined. The Ni2+ and Zn2+ RCs of the respective metal ion-resistant bacteria were less than 4.1 mg g(-1), while one of the Cu2+-resistant bacteria (Strain CU-1) showed a significant high Cu2+ RC of 10.6 mg g(-1). The effect of inoculating water hyacinth with Strain CU-1 on its Cu2+ RC was further studied. Water hyacinths were treated with an antibiotic, oxytetracycline (OTC), to remove most rhizospheric bacteria of plant roots. Inoculation of Strain CU-1 increased the Cu2+ RC of the plant root by 1.91 (OTC-treated) and 1.56 (OTC-untreated) folds respectively when compared with the control. Results also showed that Strain CU-1 colonized onto the plant root and led to the increase of Cu2+ RC of the roots of water hyacinth.     

扬水曝气技术在水源水质改善中的应用

扬水曝气技术是新开发的水质改善技术,用于混合上下水层、控制藻类生长、增加水体溶解氧、抑制底泥污染物释放.将该技术应用于某水源地,其提水效率达到同类设备--同温层曝气器的两倍;控制了水体表层的藻类数量,抑制了藻类的生长,将藻类叶绿素a含量降低了13.96%.扬水曝气技术的适用条件:用于控制藻类生长时,水深应不小于10 m;用于抑制底泥污染物释放时,水体应存在溶解氧小于1～2 mg/L的厌氧条件.     

蜡染废水在线处理回用及热能回收工程实例

采用絮凝沉淀-ClO2脱色-砂滤-微波无极紫外光催化氧化工艺对青岛凤凰印染有限公司蜡染印花水洗废水进行处理,详细论述了该工艺的运行特点、处理及回用效果。结果表明,在进水COD及色度波动很大的情况下,处理后废水水质长期稳定达到COD100 mg/L,色度10倍,其他各项水质指标均可满足蜡染水洗工序的生产回用要求,并回收了水中的热能。废水回用率达80%,日节水200 t,节约热能折合成标准煤约为1 t,为印染行业完成节能20%,减排20%的总体目标提供了新的思路。     

微滤膜与活性炭联用工艺去除富营养化水源水中藻类

湖泊及水库含藻水问题带有一定的普遍性,处理技术复杂,难度较大。因此,除藻技术的提高和发展显得越来越紧迫。膜处理技术在给水中的应用是水处理技术的重大突破,正逐渐成为21世纪水处理技术中最有发展前途的技术。本文以继承和吸收成熟技术,并将其工程化,以便及时解决具体问题为原则,根据国内外最新水质标准要求,提出了微滤膜与活性炭联用的除藻新上艺,并对除藻工艺方案确定原则、研究内容和目标,以及除藻工艺方案设计进行了说细分析说明。本文认为微滤膜技术在我国供水行业推广已经具备了较好的条件,在不断积累经验的基础上可以达到大规模工程应用。应用微滤膜与活性炭联用工艺解决富营养化水源水中藻类问题在技术上是成熟的,在经济上是可行的。     

光化学氧化技术去除水中有机污染物的试验研究

以自来水为试验对象，对紫外－臭氧和紫外－二氧化钛两种光化学氧化技术对水中微量有机污染物的去除进行了试验研究，结果表明两种工艺的UVA（紫外吸光度）去除率均达到80％以上，对氯仿的去除也均能达到国家饮用水标准。在此基础上，自制了一种催化剂膜，并取得了预期的处理效果，有望在新型净水技术及设备的研制和开发上得到应用。     

Factors affecting the performance of a solar still and productivity enhancement methods: A review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Good-quality drinking water is an essential requirement for a healthy and sustainable future. In the current scenario, people living in remote areas...     

高浓度合成香料废水的处理工艺研究

采用铁屑内电解-UASB-SBR-膜工艺处理高浓度香料废水,实验结果和工程实践都表明该工艺的处理效果比单纯的UASB和SBR组合工艺好,出水达到了中水回用水质标准,具有较高的应用价值和推广意义.     

基于集成全相关技术的水环境治理装备设计

针对现有水环境治理装备设计开发技术存在的不足,提出了一种融合全相关技术与CAD、CAE、CAM、CAPP技术的集成一体化装备系统设计开发方案,并给出了这种集成全相关技术的初步实现方法,而且进行了射流曝气器的设计应用。这种方法有望实现水环境治理装备系统完整、可靠的设计,并缩短了设计开发周期。     

吐温80与氢氧化钠耦合强化剩余污泥溶胞效果的研究

利用吐温80的润湿、渗透作用,将其与氢氧化钠耦合应用于剩余污泥的溶胞。结果表明,吐温80的存在能有效提高氢氧化钠对剩余污泥的溶胞效果;而同样的溶胞效果下,吐温80的存在能降低溶胞的环境温度。吐温80与氢氧化钠耦合剩余污泥溶胞工艺的最佳工艺条件为：吐温80投加量100 mg/L、作用时间15 min,先加吐温80再加氢氧...