Azo-dyes photocatalytic degradation in aqueous suspension of TiO2 under solar irradiation

The photodegradation of two common and very stable azo-dyes, i.e. methyl-orange (C₁₄H₁₄N₃SO₃Na) and orange II (C₁₆H₁₁N₂SO₄Na), is reported. The photocatalytic oxidation was carried out in aqueous suspensions of polycrystalline TiO₂ irradiated by sunlight. Compound parabolic collectors, installed at the “Plataforma Solar de Almería” (PSA, Spain) were used as the photoreactors and two identical reacting systems allowed to perform photoreactivity runs for the two dyes at the same time and under the same irradiation conditions. The disappearance of colour and substrates together with the abatement of total organic carbon content was monitored. The main sulfonate-containing intermediates were found to be in lower number in respect to those obtained under artificial irradiation. In particular there were no more evidence of the presence of hydroxylated transients. The dependence of dye photooxidation rate on: (i) substrate concentration; (ii) catalyst amount; and (iii) initial pH was investigated. The influence of the presence of strong oxidant species (H₂O₂, S₂O₈²⁻) and some ions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) on the process was also studied.     

TiO2光催化处理水中苯酚的环境风险研究

利用薄膜水循环TiO2光催化反应器(TiO2-WFCPR)处理水中苯酚的实验数据,分析了不同处理条件下苯酚光催化降解过程中间产物的降解规律和出水的环境风险.研究结果表明,即使苯酚已达<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准,但出水中还不同程度地存在有害的中间产物,排放时会对环境造成危害,因此应以残留苯酚及其中间产物的浓度及影响确定该工艺最终的反应时间.足够的反应时间和偏碱性条件是降低苯酚及其中间产物环境风险的关键因素.苯酚初始浓度及进水pH越高,苯酚达标的反应时间会越长,处理的经济性就越差.所以,从环境风险与经济性综合考虑,该工艺适用于处理苯酚初始质量浓度≤60.00 mg/L的水,适宜的pH为6.0～8.0.     

Photocatalysis for arsenic removal from water: considerations for solar photocatalytic reactors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The following work provides a perspective on the potential application of solar heterogeneous photocatalysis, which is a nonselective advanced...     

Enhancing the visible-light photoactivity of silica-supported TiO2 for the photocatalytic treatment of pharmaceuticals in water

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Catalyst samples based on SiO2-supported TiO2 were prepared with the incorporation of Ag (metal), S (nonmetal), and ZnO@S (semiconductor and...     

TiO2光催化复合分离膜对水中天然有机物的去除

在水源污染越来越严重、水质标准日益严格的背景下,超滤（UF）已逐渐成为替代饮用水常规处理技术的最佳选择之一。本研究中采用相转化法,将聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚乙二醇（PEG）和二氧化钛（TiO2）共混制得光催化复合分离膜并对其进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和X射线能谱仪（EDS）等相应的表征。比较了有无光照条件下,PVDF-PEG和PVDF—PEG—TiO2膜对腐殖酸（HA）的截留和超滤过程中的膜污染情况。研究结果表明,TiO2光催化复合分离膜能提高对水中天然有机物的去除并同时降低膜污染。紫外光照强度越强,PVDF-PEG—TiO2膜的抗污染性能越好。另外,光催化能更有效地减少超滤初始浓度较低的腐殖酸溶液过程中的膜通量衰减。     

Large solar plant photocatalytic water decontamination: Degradation of pentachlorophenol

The photocatalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol in the large solar plant built at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria is presented. Degradation of cubic meters per hour of pentachlorophenol at a concentration of mg L⁻¹ is demonstrated and is easily achieved in short residence times. Details of the plant based on parabolic solar concentrators, together with the examination of the main factors affecting total efficiency are discussed in comparison with small scale laboratory experiments. Experiments carried out with addition of peroxydisulphate show a noticeable increment in the degradation efficiency and are suggested for the treatment of concentrated or refractory pollutants.     

Effect of water composition on the photocatalytic removal of pesticides with different TiO2 catalysts

The objective of this work is double—firstly to explore the photocatalytic efficiency of five different commercial TiO₂ catalysts in the photodegradation of a mixture of pesticides classified by the EU as priority pollutants and secondly to analyze the correlation between their physicochemical properties and the inhibition of the studied photocatalytic process when natural water was employed. Photocatalytic efficiencies when ultrapure water was used seem to point out that surface area was not a prerequisite for the photodegradation of the selected mixture of pesticides. On the other hand, significant differences in total organic carbon (TOC) conversions were obtained with the two studied water compositions. On one side, Evonik materials appear to be mostly inhibited when natural water was employed, whereas on the other, it should be remarked that anatase Sigma-Aldrich (SA) and, particularly, Hombikat UV100 (HBK) materials presented a very limited photo-efficiency inhibition or even a higher initial rate of TOC removal when a natural water matrix was used, probably due to their specific surface properties (PZC, S _BET). Therefore, heterogeneous photocatalysis has proved to be a promising technology for the degradation of the selected mixture of pesticides where the final photo-efficiency of the five commercial titania catalysts studied here responds to a complex balance between its surface and structural properties.     

TiO2半导体光催化反应器的研究进展

光催化氧化作为一种高级氧化技术,在环境污染控制方面得到了较快的发展.主要介绍了国内外近年来有关光催化反应中其反应器的设计与研究进展情况,按催化剂在反应器中的存在状态分类论述了各种反应器的结构原理和主要特点,以及反应器在设计中存在的问题和今后发展的方向.     

溴掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备与性能研究

以KBr和Ti（SO4）2为原料,通过水热法制备了高催化活性的溴掺杂纳米TiO2（Br-TiO2）光催化剂,利用XRD、XPS、TEM、BET和UV-Vis DRS等测试手段对其进行了表征。通过苯酚降解实验评价了Br-TiO2的光催化活性。结果表明,700℃焙烧、溴与钛的摩尔比为0.35∶1时,Br-TiO2具有最佳光催化活性。该催化剂为晶体发育完整的锐钛矿相TiO2,粒径平均大小为50 nm,比表面积为16.81 m2/g,在紫外区的吸收得到加强,光催化能力优于Degussa P-25。确定了降解苯酚的最佳条件：催化剂投加量为0.5 g/L,苯酚初始浓度为10 mg/L,pH值为6.0。     

掺Ni2+的TiO2颗粒光催化性能的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂Ni2 的纳米TiO2,并用XRD和TEM进行了表征,发现Ni2 的掺杂减小了TiO2颗粒的粒径,Ni2 /TiO2晶型为锐钛型.通过对目标物罗丹明B的光催化降解实验,发现Ni2 的掺杂提高了TiO2的光催化活性,其降解罗丹明B的反应遵从一级反应动力学方程,Ni2 惨杂量为1.2%时的光催化活性最高.     

TiO2光催化脱除NOx的研究进展

利用TiO2的光催化效应脱除大气污染物是近十年来国内外学术界的研究热点之一.本文对TiO2光催化脱除NOx方面的研究工作进行了综述,着重论述了光催化氧化反应及光催化还原反应脱除NOx的反应机理及影响因素,并对应用前景作出展望.     

镧负载改性TiO2太阳光催化降解微囊藻毒素的研究

考察了镧负载改性TiO2催化剂在太阳光下降解微囊藻毒素LR (MCLR)的效果及其影响因素。结果表明,镧负载改性的TiO2可显著增加MCLR在TiO2表面的吸附量,同时提高MCLR在太阳光下的降解率。随着镧负载量的增加,太阳光下MCLR降解率可从65%提高到95%,pH降低可促进MCLR的降解。改性TiO2对藻毒素的降解存在最佳投加量,实验结果表明,在pH=6,MCLR初始浓度为2 mg/L,0.001-La-TiO2的最佳投量为0.5 g/L,在3 600 μW/cm2太阳光下照射30 min,降解率可达97%。     

二氧化钛光催化氧化杀菌的研究及进展

本文概括了光催化氧化杀菌的发展历史 ,以及最新的研究进展 ,综合分析了其杀菌机理和影响反应的各相关因素 ,并为今后的发展提出了一些看法     

TiO2光催化降解有机污染物的协同效应研究

微量的强氧化剂H2O2、O3引入纳米TiO2光催化体系能够极大地提高有机污染物氧化降解效率.本文通过对这一效应促进有机物降解的相关文献综述,探讨论述了协同效应产生的机理以及影响因素,并就其将来研究与实际污染物处理应用提出了新思路.     

具有可见光活性的氮掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

采用浓氨水处理Ti(SO4)2溶液,然后经过滤、干燥、煅烧制备了一种氮掺杂TiO2光催化剂TiO2-XNX,其最佳煅烧温度为400℃。对该光催化剂的XRD谱图进行分析,结果表明,TiO2-XNX的晶型为锐钛矿相。紫外—可见吸收光谱表明,该光催化剂在可见光区具有明显的吸收。甲基橙溶液的降解实验结果表明,制备的TiO2-XNX光催化剂具有可见光(波长λ400nm)活性。     

Higher intrinsic photocatalytic efficiency of 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium-based photocatalysts compared to TiO2 P-25 for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using solar simulated light

The photocatalytic efficiency of two 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium (TP(+)) based photocatalysts (supported on silica or incorporated inside zeolite Beta, 3wt%) for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) in aqueous media has been compared with TiO(2) (Degussa P-25). It was found that the efficiency of the degradation depends on the photocatalytic setup, recirculation through a tubular reactor being highly unfavorable for the TP(+)-based photocatalysts due to the deposition of the silica or zeolite particles. In contrast, high efficiency in DCP disappearance (up to 87%) and in the total organic content decrease (up to 62%) were obtained using a discontinuous batch reactor in which the TP(+) photocatalysts were uniformly suspended. Kinetic studies were also made and DCP degradation follows a first order kinetics. The obtained kinetic constants when corrected to account for the influence of the fraction of light absorbed and the amount of active sites shows that the intrinsic activity of TP(+) adsorbed on silica or incorporated inside zeolite Beta was over one order of magnitude higher than TiO(2) activity.     

Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of cyprodinil and fludioxonil in leaching water under solar irradiation

The efficiency of ZnO and TiO₂ suspensions in the photocatalytic degradation of two fungicides (cyprodinil and fludioxonil) in leaching water was investigated. The experiments were carried out at pilot plant scale using compound parabolic collectors under natural sunlight. The blank experiments for both irradiated compounds solutions showed that both oxides strongly enhanced the removal of the fungicides. The addition of an oxidant (Na₂S₂O₈) to the ZnO or TiO₂ increased the rate of photooxidation. The degradation of cyprodinil and fludioxonil followed first order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Complete degradation of both fungicides was achieved within 4 h (t_30W = 18 min) when treated with illuminated ZnO. The disappearance time (DT₇₅), when referred to the normalized illumination time (t_30W), was lower than 40 and 550 min (t_30W = 2 and 40 min) for both fungicides using ZnO or TiO₂, respectively. ZnO appeared to be more effective in cyprodinil and fludioxonil oxidation than TiO₂ probably due to its nonstoichiometry.     

Performance of photocatalytic reactors using immobilized TiO2 film for the degradation of phenol and methylene blue dye present in water stream

TiO2 thin film photocatalyst was successfully synthesized and immobilized on glass reactor tube using sol-gel method. The synthesized TiO2 coating was transparent, which enabled the penetration of ultra-violet (UV) light to the catalyst surface. Two photocatalytic reactors with different operating modes were tested: (a) tubular photocatalytic reactor with re-circulation mode and (b) batch photocatalytic reactor. A new proposed TiO2 synthesized film formulation of 1 titanium isopropoxide: 8 isopropanol: 3 acetyl acetone: 1.1 H2O: 0.05 acetic acid (in molar ratio) gave excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of phenol and methylene blue dye present in the water. The half-life time, t1/2 of photocatalytic degradation of phenol was 56 min at the initial phenol concentration of 1000 microM in the batch reactor. In the tubular photocatalytic reactor, 5 re-circulation passes with residence time of 2.2 min (single pass) degraded 50% of 40-microM methylene blue dye. Initial phenol concentration, presence of hydrogen peroxide, presence of air bubbling and stirring speed as the process variables were studied in the batch reactor. Initial methylene blue concentration, pH value, light intensity and reaction temperature were studied as the process variables in the tubular reactor. The synthesized TiO2 thin film was characterized using SEM, XRD and EDX analysis. A comparative performance between the synthesized TiO2 thin film and commercial TiO2 particles (99% anatase) was evaluated under the same experimental conditions. The TiO2 film was equally active as the TiO2 powder catalyst.     

Synthesis,characterization, and application of 2D/2D TiO2-GO-ZnFe2O4 obtained by the fluorine-free lyophilization method for solar light-driven photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, we report the potential of 2D/2D TiO2-GO-ZnFe2O4 photocatalyst obtained using the fluorine-free lyophilization technique for the...     

光催化降解水体异味物质2-MIB的机理

以水体异味物质2-甲基异莰醇(2-methylisoborneol,2-MIB)为研究对象,在紫外光(λ<380 nm)照射下,探讨TiO2(P25)对2-MIB的光催化降解特性及光化学作用机理。结果表明,UV/TiO2光催化体系可以有效去除水体异味物质2-MIB,紫外光照射60 min,对2-MIB的降解率达95%。同时研究了光催化降解体系介质pH,共存腐殖酸(HA)和过硫酸钾(K2S2O8)对UV/TiO2光催化体系降解2-MIB的影响,发现低浓度HA([HA]≤0.5 mg/L)可以提高2-MIB降解速率,当HA浓度高于0.5 mg/L,2-MIB降解反应受到抑制;同时当加入电子受体K2S2O8后,降解体系中活性物种羟基自由基(.OH)明显增加,提高了TiO2对2-MIB的降解能力。利用苯甲酸荧光光度法和POD-DPD显色法跟踪测定降解过程中羟基自由基(·OH)和过氧化氢(H2O2)的变化,表明光催化反应涉及·OH机理。