基于响应面法优化废弃油基钻井液的萃取方法

针对油气田钻井过程中经多次循环导致基液老化变质而无法使用的废弃油基钻井液,采用响应面法优化废弃油基钻井液萃取实验。以石油醚(60~90 ℃)作为萃取剂,通过单因素实验确定了编码参数,考察了液料比(萃取剂与废弃油基钻井液加量质量比,g/g)、萃取温度、萃取时间3因素5水平的中心组合设计,建立数学模型并进行验证。结果表明,对于液料比1.5:1,萃取时间25 min,萃取温度36.5 ℃的最佳萃取条件,萃取率的预测值为82.97%,实测值为82.18%,相对误差仅有0.95%。     

吸附冷凝回收与生物氧化联合工艺对炼油污水废气的处理

大气污染防治的形势日益严峻,为实现废气的达标排放,采用吸附冷凝回收与生物氧化联合工艺对炼油污水废气进行处理。结果表明,对污水构筑物进行加罩密封后,将废气收集及输送,采用分区收集、分类处理的工艺方法,先对废气收集系统的高浓度废气采用脱硫、吸附冷凝原理进行预处理,再与低浓度废气混合进入生物氧化滴滤段与过滤段进行处理,可有效去除炼油污水处理过程中各池体构筑物逸散出的H2S、有机硫化物、酚类、烃类等有害气体,实现废气的达标排放。其中,通过吸附冷凝回收工艺,高浓度段非甲烷总烃的去除率可稳定在60%以上,通过生物氧化联合处理工艺,低浓度段非甲烷总烃的去除率可稳定在40%以上,且氨、硫化氢、甲苯、二甲苯的总去除效果良好,可以有效改善周边区域的大气环境,满足国家标准规范排放要求及地方环境法规的要求。     

利用化学强化分离-无害化技术处理废弃油基钻井液

废弃油基钻井液因其含有油类、重金属、有机物等污染物,属国家危险废弃物,处理难度大.通过大量室内实验研究,首次采用化学强化分离-无害化技术处理废弃油基钻井液,研制了新型清油剂和无害化处理药剂,回收了废弃油基钻井液中的油类,油回收率达90%以上.回收油的品质好,除机械杂质和灰分指标外,所测的几项指标均达到GB252-200...     

Organic compound emissions from a landfarm used for oil and gas solid waste disposal

Solid or sludgy hydrocarbon waste is a by-product of oil and gas exploration and production. One commonly used method of disposing of this waste is landfarming. Landfarming involves spreading hydrocarbon waste on soils, tilling it into the soil, and allowing it to biodegrade. We used a dynamic flux chamber to measure fluxes of methane, a suite of 54 nonmethane hydrocarbons, and light alcohols from an active and a remediated landfarm in eastern Utah. Fluxes from the remediated landfarm were not different from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheet or from undisturbed soils in the region. Fluxes of methane, total nonmethane hydrocarbons, and alcohols from the landfarm in active use were 1.41 (0.37, 4.19) (mean and 95% confidence limits), 197.90 (114.72, 370.46), and 4.17 (0.03, 15.89) mg m^?2 hr^?1, respectively. Hydrocarbon fluxes were dominated by alkanes, especially those with six or more carbons. A 2-ha landfarm with fluxes of the magnitude we observed in this study would emit 95.3 (54.3, 179.7) kg day^?1 of total hydrocarbons, including 11.2 (4.3, 33.9) kg day^?1 of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes).

Implications: Solid and sludgy hydrocarbon waste from the oil and gas industry is often disposed of by landfarming, in which wastes are tilled into soil and allowed to decompose. We show that a land farm in Utah emitted a variety of organic compounds into the atmosphere, including hazardous air pollutants and compounds that form ozone. We calculate that a 2-ha landfarm facility would emit 95.0 ± 66.0 kg day^?1 of total hydrocarbons, including 11.1 ± 1.5 kg day^?1 of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes).     

中空纤维膜生物反应器处理二甲苯废气

采用中空纤维膜生物反应器(HFMB)去除气态二甲苯,研究比较了不同进口浓度、停留时间以及悬浮液中生物量对二甲苯净化效果的影响。实验结果表明:随着进口浓度的增加二甲苯净化效率先升高后平稳,生化降解能力(EC)则明显升高;随着停留时间的增加,二甲苯的净化效率明显增加。实验发现最佳的实验条件是:悬浮液循环速率50 L/h,pH值介于6.5到7.5之间,溶解氧6 mg/L左右,停留时间tR=8.8 s;二甲苯的处理效率可达到92%以上。结果还显示二甲苯净化效率随悬浮液循环流速的变化而波动不大,进口二甲苯的组成对净化效率也有一定的影响。与传统的生物法相比,膜生物反应器可以实现气相和液相的分离以及减少占地面积,具有很好的发展前景。     

生物过滤塔处理实验室废气

研究了生物过滤塔处理实验室排放的模拟混合废气,考察了反应器对苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和甲烷等废气的去除效果。运行结果表明,在设备稳定运行期间,进气中总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)的浓度为124～380 mg/m3,而出气浓度在10～40 mg/m3,去除效率保持在85%以上。实验室废气中的多种污染物在生物过滤塔中去除机理不同,亲水性污染物的去除效率高于疏水性污染物。通过系统关停后重启,污染物的去除效果在第2天就能恢复,这为生物过滤塔处理实验室废气过程的停运检修或者系统闲置提供了可行性。     

Influence of sintering temperature on the characteristics of shale brick containing oil well-derived drilling waste

Introduction  

The influence of sintering temperature on the physico-mechanical characteristics (such as water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density, weight loss on ignition, firing shrinkage, and compressive strength), leachability, and microstructure of shale brick containing oil well-derived drilling waste (DW) was investigated.     

废弃油基钻井液提取柴油剩余废弃物无害化处理研究

针对废弃油基钻井液中柴油回收过程产生的泥渣、废水、废白土和酸碱废渣具有高色度、高pH、高COD和高石油类的特点,通过优化实验得出了一步法无害化处理废弃混合物的最佳固化配方:水泥和粉煤灰加量分别为12.5%,激活剂SG加量1.5%,促凝剂LSL加量1.5%,石灰加量1%。在最佳固化配方下,固化体浸出液的各主要污染指标都符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级标准,固化成本约100元/m3,与分别处理废渣、废液相比,其处理成本可降低约20%。     

Treatment of N,N-dimethylacetamide waste gas by a trickle-bed air biofilter.

The system performance of a trickle-bed air biofilter (TBAB) for treating N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) waste gas was investigated under different gas flow rates and influent concentrations. In the pseudo-steady-state conditions, the DMAC elimination capacity increased but the removal efficiency decreased as the influent loading increased. More than 90% and 80% DMAC removal efficiencies are achieved for influent loadings below 20.2 and 34.5 g DMAC/m3/h, respectively. The TBAB appears to be an effective treatment process for controlling DMAC emission with low-to-medium loadings and the effectiveness could be maintained over a long-period operation.     

Disposal and resource utilization of waste masks: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Waste masks pose a serious threat to the environment, including marine plastic pollution and soil pollution risks caused by landfills since the...     

矿化垃圾生物反应床处理NO_X废气的研究

矿化垃圾(稳定化垃圾)是一种良好的生物介质,可作为生物反应床的填料处理NOX废气。实验室研究表明,稳定化垃圾反应床可有效地处理NOX气体,其硝化能力(以N计)可达0.83g/(kg·d)(干重)。NOX去除率受停留时间的影响显著,NOX去除率随着停留时间的缩短而降低。当空床停留时间为1.5min时,NOX气体的平均去除率为76.7%;空床停留时间为15min时,NOX气体的平均去除率为91.0%。在NOX进气负荷低于110mmol/(m3·h)时,NOX消除能力随进气负荷的增加而线性增加。当进气流量一定时,NOX去除能力随着进气NOX浓度的增加而线性增加。     

矿化垃圾生物反应床处理NOX废气的研究

矿化垃圾(稳定化垃圾)是一种良好的生物介质,可作为生物反应床的填料处理NOX废气.实验室研究表明,稳定化垃圾反应床可有效地处理NOX气体,其硝化能力(以N计)可达0.83 g/(kg·d)(干重).NOX去除率受停留时间的影响显著,NOX去除率随着停留时间的缩短而降低.当空床停留时间为1.5 min时,NOX气体的平均去除率为76.7%;空床停留时间为15 min时,NOX气体的平均去除率为91.0%.在NOX进气负荷低于110 mmol/(m3·h)时,NOX消除能力随进气负荷的增加而线性增加.当进气流量一定时,NOX去除能力随着进气NOX浓度的增加而线性增加.     

Status of electronic waste recycling techniques: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The increasing use of electrical and electronic equipment leads to a huge generation of electronic waste (e-waste). It is the fastest growing waste...     

某厂金属铜管加工废气处理方法的研究

我国对于大气污染物的排放给予了高度的重视,规定生产中的污染物必须达标排放。对某厂酸洗车间产生的以酸雾和氮氧化物为主的废气采用高效局部排气罩加以集中收集,设计了净化吸收系统,使经过处理的废气达到“大气污染物综合排放标准”中的二级排放要求,并在设计中充分考虑了系统的节能,收到了良好的环保效果。     

某厂金属铜管加工废气处理方法的研究

我国对于大气污染物的排放给予了高度的重视，规定生产中的污染物必须达标排放。对某厂酸洗车间产生的以酸雾和氮氧化物为主的废气采用高效局部排气罩加以集中收集，设计了净化吸收系统，使经过处理的废气达到“大气污染物综合排放标准”中的二级排放要求，并在设计中充分考虑了系统的节能，收到了良好的环保效果。     

A review on submarine oil and gas leakage in near field: droplets and plume

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill remains the largest catastrophic release of oil and gas into the deep sea. The irrupted oil and gas substantially impact a marine ecosystem, cause human injury, and have high societal opinions. Therefore, understanding the transport and dispersion of subsurface hydrocarbon provides an imperative substratum for the practical assessment and response of marine oil spill accidents. In this review, we summarize the major advances since the Deepwater Horizon accident, with emphasis on the observation and modeling of the droplet and the formation and dynamics of the plume. Additional complexity including more than the investigation of gas-saturated oil at high-pressure and the effect of Earth’s rotation on near field plume is also outlined. We end with a few outlooks on key priorities for more precisely estimations on future oil spills.

     

电-Fenton法处理页岩气压裂返排液

页岩气开发压裂返排液处理是近年的研究热点,本文采用电-Fenton氧化技术对压裂返排液絮凝出水进行深度处理研究,主要考察了H2O2投加量、pH值、电压和反应时间对COD去除效果的影响。通过正交实验和单因素影响实验,确定电-Fenton氧化处理絮凝出水的适宜条件为：H2O2投加量为40 mL·L-1、pH=3、电压6 V和反应时间60 min。在此条件下,出水COD为71.3 mg·L-1,COD去除率达到62.5%。实验结果表明化学絮凝-电-Fenton氧化是页岩气压裂返排液达标外排的一种适宜处理工艺。     

钻井废泥浆脱水研究

以中国海洋石油总公司(CNOOC)某海上油田钻井废泥浆为研究对象,采用化学固液分离法,通过加入不同量的高分子絮凝剂、无机助滤剂强化脱水效果。结果表明:(1)将钻井废泥浆稀释至质量分数为25%,加入150 mg/kg阴离子聚丙烯酰胺A1920PAM乳液处理,污泥脱水效果和污泥滤出液澄清效果最好,此时泥饼含水率为35.33%。(2)硅藻土作为无机助滤剂效果良好,当加入量为2%(质量分数)时,硅藻土能显著地降低泥饼含水率、缩短钻井废泥浆抽滤达到负压所需时间和减少能耗。(3)钻井废泥浆脱出水可以作为稀释水循环使用,循环5次后,经过无机絮凝剂(C1510)处理降低其浊度,可以达到无限次循环利用要求。     

Cyclodextrins: a new efficient absorbent to treat waste gas streams

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the air provoke health and environmental concerns. This paper focuses on the absorption method to treat industrial polluted air loaded with VOCs. The key variable of this treatment being the choice of a suitable liquid absorbent, the aim of this research work is to investigate the effectiveness and the regeneration of a new potential family of absorbent: cyclodextrins (CDs). All CDs derivatives tested are able to decrease the Henry's law constant of toluene: a reduction of volatility up to 95% may be obtained, depending on CD nature and concentration. Moreover, absorption experiments show that beta-CD, which presents the highest absorption ability, is 250 time more efficient than water. The absorption efficiency is not totally correlated with static experiments, suggesting that, in addition to Henry's law constants and inclusion compounds stability, toluene diffusion into such solutions has to be taken into account. It is also to be noted that salt and pH variations seem to have little influence on the absorption capacity of CDs, which may be of great interest for industrial applications. Finally, since production of solid compounds was not observed during these experiments and since temperature decreases the capture ability in a drastic way, regeneration of the washing solution can be achieved by heating the solution in combination with air stripping.