浊点萃取-分光光度法测定水中痕量六价铬

利用非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114的浊点现象萃取,以二苯碳酰二肼为显色剂,采用分光光度法测定水中痕量六价铬,优化了试验条件,考察了共存离子的干扰。方法在0mg／L-12.0mg／L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.0015mg／L,标准溶液测定的RSD为2.7％,水样加标回收率为98.1％-102％。     

离子色谱法测定化工废水中有机醇胺类化合物

采用固相萃取-离子色谱法同时测定化工废水中乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺和N-丁基二乙醇胺等5种有机醇胺类化合物。通过试验,对固相萃取、离子色谱条件进行优化,优选C_(18)为固相萃取填料,使方法在1.10 mg/L～26.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法的检出限为0.72 mg/L～1.02 mg/L。废水样品3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为84.0%～101%,测定6次结果的RSD为1.7%～12.0%。将该方法用于医药化工企业废水的测定,结果部分醇胺类化合物检出。     

共振光散射技术测定地表水中阴离子表面活性剂

用共振光散射(RLS)技术研究了以阳离子染料维多利亚蓝B(VBB)为探针,灵敏快速测定水体中阴离子表面活性剂的新方法.在pH3.0的Britton Robinson(BR)缓冲介质中,VBB与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)相互作用,形成离子缔合物,产生强烈的RLS增强效应,RLS强度的增值与SDBS的浓度成正比.据此提出了测定水体中阴离子表面活性剂的新方法.方法检出限0.021mg/L,线性范围0.10～2.40mg/L,相关系数r=0.998.不需萃取和分离,使用普通的荧光分光光度计,简单、快速、灵敏.已用于地表水中实际水样的测定,测定的结果和回收率满意.     

分光光度法测定水中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵

基于甲基橙(MO)在水体中和阳离子表面活性剂发生的褪色反应,采用分光光度法测定十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),优化了试验条件,讨论了干扰物质的影响。MO与CTAB在10%乙醇-水溶液中反应形成淡黄色离子缔合物,以MO的最大吸收波长470 nm为测定波长,CTAB质量浓度在0 mg/L～13.1 mg/L范围内遵守朗伯-比尔定律,吸光系数为17.48 L/(g.cm),方法检出限为0.364 mg/L,标准溶液平行测定的RSD为2.3%,样品加标回收率为91.8%～107%。     

气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水中甲萘威

采用二氯甲烷萃取、气相色谱/质谱联用选择离子方式测定水中甲萘威,优化了试验条件。方法在0.010 mg/L~0.400 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.001 mg/L,3种浓度的添加试验平均回收率为81.3%~93.3%,RSD为3.3%~12.2%。     

荧光光度法测定地表水中阴离子表面活性剂

采用荧光光度法测定地表水中烷基苯磺酸盐类阴离子表面活性剂,讨论了pH值和干扰物质对测定的影响。方法在0.200 mg/L~5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.081 mg/L,实际水样加标回收率为98.6%~101%。     

离子色谱法测定空气中的甲酸和氯化氢含量

阐述了离子色谱法测定空气和环境样品中甲酸、氯化氢含量的方法与步骤。测定结果显示,甲酸和氯化氢的检测限分别为0.01mg/L、0.02mg/L,方法的回收率为98%～101%、98%～102%,相对标准误差为1.9%、1.6%,线性范围为0.00～10mg/L、0.00～16mg/L,是一种简单、快速、可靠测定降水、空气、废气、地表水、地下水中甲酸和氯化氢的好方法。     

超声波萃取-红外分光光度法测定土壤中石油类

采用超声波萃取-红外分光光度法测定土壤中石油类,并对超声波机的功率、水浴温度和萃取时间进行优化.试验表明：方法在0mg/L～80.0mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r为0.9997;方法检出限为6.00μg/L,当取土壤样品10.0g时,方法检出限为0.03mg/kg;空白土壤的加标回收率为97.4% ～103%;测定实际土壤样品的RSD为3.0% ～3.9%.通过比较超声波萃取、四氯化碳热浸法和快速溶剂萃取法的前处理效果,显示出超声波萃取法的优越性.     

SPE- HPLC法测定水中除草剂苯噻草胺残留量

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中除草剂苯噻草胺残留量,优化了试验条件.方法在0 mg/L～50.0 mg/L线性关系良好,检出限为0.05 mg/L,RSD为0.9%,加标回收率为82.0%～104%.     

三重四极杆质谱技术测定固体废弃物中多氯联苯

以二氯甲烷为萃取剂,采用快速溶剂萃取、凝胶渗透色谱净化、三重四极杆质谱技术测定固体废弃物中7种多氯联苯单体,选择十氯联苯为内标物,2,4,5,6-四氯间二甲苯为替代物。质谱采用MRM扫描,优化了目标物质保留时间、母离子和子离子质量数及碰撞能量等参数。方法在0.050 mg/L～2.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,7种多氯联苯单体的检出限为0.194 ng/g～0.355 ng/g(以称取30 g样品、定容至2.0 mL计),标准样品回收率多在60%～105%之间,空白加标样品测定值的相对标准偏差在8.6%～13.0%之间。     

液液萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中四乙基铅

采用高效液相色谱紫外检测器测定水中四乙基铅,用二氯甲烷液液萃取,以甲醇/水混合溶液(体积比为95:5)为流动相,Z0RBAX Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱分离,选择测定波长为280 nm.方法在0.100mg/L～1.00mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限和测定下限分别为0.01μg/L和0.04μg/L,水样平行...     

Water quality in Minho/Miño River (Portugal/Spain)

Minho River, also called Miño (in Spain), extends to about 300 km from Spain to Portugal. The source of the river lies in Spain and in the last 75 km, the river defines the border between Portugal and Spain. Under the scope of a cooperation project between North Portugal and Galicia region of Spain, titled: “Valorization of the natural resources of the Minho/Miño drainage basin”, seven water-sampling campaigns were carried out during the last 2 years in Minho River basin. Seven sampling sites were selected along the international stretch, and five were chosen in the main Portuguese and Spanish tributaries of Minho River. Water quality based on the physicochemical and microbial parameters was assessed. According to the Portuguese legislation for surface waters, the international section of Minho River presents a reasonably good water quality (BOD₅ <5 mg/L, TNK <2 mg/L, and total phosphorous <1 mg P/L). Valença and Louro were found to be the most polluted sampling sites and Louro the most polluted tributary (maximum values observed: TSS?=?26 mg/L, BOD₅?=?6.6 mg O₂/L, COD?=?20.8 mg O₂/L, total nitrogen?=?9.9 mg N/L; minimum value observed: OD?=?1.3 mg O₂/L). A one-dimensional stream water quality model QUAL2Kw was calibrated using data measured in field surveys along the international stretch of Minho River. QUAL2Kw was also used to predict the impact of flow conditions, discharges, and tributaries on the water quality of international stretch of Minho River, essential to establish proposals for management and planning of Minho River Basin.     

Assessment of current status of zinc in wastewater treatment plants to set effluent standards for protecting aquatic organisms in Japan

New environmental standards for protecting aquatic organisms for zinc (e.g., 0.03 mg/L) in surface waters were set in Japan in 2003. Although wastewater effluent might be one of the major pathways of zinc to public water bodies in Japan, current status of concentration of zinc in wastewater effluent was not clear due to higher detection limits (e.g., 0.5 mg/L) than the level required by the new regulations. This study aims at assessing current status of zinc in wastewater effluent in Japan to revise wastewater effluent standards for protecting aquatic organisms. Survey of zinc in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was carried out in Japan in 2005, setting the detection limits at least 0.01 mg/L. The results of the survey suggested the difficulty to remove zinc (especially dissolved zinc) with conventional activated sludge treatment if concentration of zinc in influent was relatively low. And it was suggested that high concentration of dissolved zinc might be derived from some industries discharging high concentration of zinc. The concentration of zinc in wastewater influent without industrial discharges was about 0.1 mg/L which might be lower than that in wastewater from industries discharging high concentration of zinc. Finally, effluent standards for point sources including WWTPs to public water bodies were set at 2 mg/L in 2006. Based on the results of the survey that it was difficult to remove dissolved zinc discharged from industries at WWTPs, the effluent standards from industries to sewerage were set at the same value of the effluent standards from WWTPs to public water bodies.     

动态顶空气相色谱法测定水中极性水溶性有机物

采用动态顶空气相色谱FID法测定水中乙醛、丙酮、甲醇、丙烯醛、丙烯腈、乙腈、吡啶等7种极性水溶性有机物,通过优化动态顶空条件,使该方法在0．157mg／L～7．92mg!L之间线性良好。方法检出限在0．008mg／L～0．048mg／L之间,空白水样的加标回收率为103％～111％,RSD为5．4％～8．7％。用该方法测定某制药企业排口污水和地表水,只有污水中甲醇、乙腈、吡啶有响应值。     

固相萃取- GC/MS 法测定蔬菜水果中烯酰吗啉残留量

采用固相萃取-气相色谱／质谱联用法测定蔬菜水果中烯酰吗啉残留,优化了试验条件。方法在0.100mg／L－5.00mg／L范围内线性良好,最低检出限为0.0020mg／kg,实际样品测定的RSD≤4.6％,基质加标回收率为86.0％－96.0％。     

胶团强化超滤处理水中阿特拉津的研究

采用胶团强化超滤去除水中阿特拉津.考察了表面活性剂、pH、操作压力、操作时间以及温度对阿特拉津去除效果的影响.结果表明,胶团强化超滤法能有效去除水中阿特拉津,最佳工艺条件为:采用分子量为5 000 Dalton的聚砜中空纤维膜、SDBS浓度为8.00mmol/L、压力为0.15 MPa、pH为10、温度为25℃.在此条...     

The effect of changes in land use on nitrate concentration in water supply wells in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania

An analysis of private potable water well data was conducted for seven single family residential developments in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania. Background data were available for 165 wells within the communities when the wells were first drilled in the 1980s and early 1990s. Sampling of 75 wells within these same communities was performed in 2006 to determine whether conversion of the land to residential housing along with the use of conventional on-lot septic systems had resulted in elevated concentration of nitrate-nitrogen in the drinking water aquifer. The data indicate that prior land use influenced the occurrence of nitrate-nitrogen in the drinking water aquifer. The median nitrate-nitrogen concentration for the 165 wells in the background dataset was 2.9 mg/L. One hundred-seven of those wells were drilled on land previously used for active agricultural purposes. The median nitrate concentration in these wells was 3.8 mg/L. Of 48 wells drilled on forested land, the median nitrate concentration was 1.1 mg/L, approximately 3.5 times lower than those drilled on active agricultural land. The median nitrate concentration in the 2006 sampling dataset was 3.6 mg/L, an increase of 0.7 mg/L. The data indicate that conversion of the land has not resulted in contamination of the drinking water aquifer with respect to nitrate-nitrogen. Likewise, the data suggest that the conversion has not resulted in significant improvements to overall water quality.