Making resources work more efficiently – the importance of supply chain partnerships

State and federal governments in Australia have implemented a range of assistance programs for manufacturing industries to become more resource efficient and reduce waste. While many of these programs focus on Cleaner Production at single sites, an increasing number of assistance programs are offered across supply chains. Sustainability Victoria, a Victorian government authority, supports projects that focus on resource efficiencies across supply chains in key industry sectors.In this study, tools were adapted and utilised to identify efficiency potentials and losses across supply chains in the timber furniture manufacturing and the food industry sector. In this respect, waste generation and value loss due to inefficient use of critical materials within the processes were estimated from purchase and waste handling data. Primary companies were chosen to undertake efficiency trials that could demonstrate value gain across the supply chain.This study describes the realisation of greater efficiencies in material usage when engaging proactively with supply chain partners immediately adjacent to the primary company. Demonstration trials confirmed that through a more integrated approach among supply chain partners the potential in using materials more efficiently and design processes can lead to enhanced productivity without compromising environmental burden. Hence, the study describes targeted resource efficiency, recycling and process optimisation opportunities as identified in the supply chain trials on timber furniture manufacturing and food industries.     

我省辐射环境管理工作任重道远

辐射环境保护工作内容多、任务重、难度大。该文简述了陕西省辐射环境保护工作中的一些具体做法，提出了一个亟等理顺管理体系的紧迫问题。     

确保水源安全:关乎民生的庄严承诺

国家环保总局局长周生贤日前在接受媒体采访时提到,“减少污染物排放,让人民群众喝上干净的水,是人民政府对人民的庄严承诺,必须以忧患之心对待水污染防治,加大防治水污染工作的力度,努力改善水环境质量,保证‘十一五’规划水污染防治目标的实现”。     

Review of The Kyoto Protocol by M. Grubb,C. Vrolijk and D. Brack, 1999

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change -     

The importance of late pregnancy scans for renal tract abnormalities

A 12-month prospective population study of antenatal patients was undertaken in a large district general hospital to assess ultrasound scanning in late pregnancy for the detection of non-lethal fetal renal abnormalities. The rate of false-negative antenatal scans during the study period was also assessed. Both 18–20 and 28–32 weeks' gestational scans were performed on 6497 pregnant women. Forty fetuses with a suspected abnormality were referred for postnatal examination and 29 neonates were found to have renal abnormalities. Of these, 21 were significant and eight were likely to be extrarenal pelves. In six, there was evidence of an abnormality at the early scan. Nine children, seven with reflux, presented within the study period, all with preceding normal antenatal scans. The incidence (0·46 per cent) of structural renal abnormalities is similar to that reported previously. A late scan is necessary for the antenatal detection of non-lethal renal abnormalities.     

用AGMP-1M阴离子交换树脂直接分离Zn的实验方法改进

针对原有用于铜、铁、锌同位素分析的提纯步骤方法,我们专门对锌的提纯进行了改进,即在1mol/LHCl的介质条件下,采用200~400目AGMP-1M树脂提纯锌,大大简化了锌的提纯方法。在改进的实验条件下,地质样品的回收率接近100%;标准溶液在离子交换分离前后同位素组成一致,表明分离前后无Zn同位素分馏;全流程Zn的空白小于0.7ng/mL。此法可作为用于高精度Zn同位素分析的前处理方法。     

Shewanella oneidensis MR-1和Shewanella putrefaciens对V(V)的还原及其影响因素

在实验室模拟培养条件下,研究Shewanella oneidensis MR-1和Shewanella putrefaciens在厌氧体系中对V（V）的耐性试验,探讨在不同的V（V）浓度、接菌量、pH值和不同蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸（AQDS）浓度下对V（V）还原的影响,并通过扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）进行表征.结果表明V（V）浓度低于10mg/L时对S.oneidensis MR-1和S.putrefaciens的生长影响较小,V（V）浓度超过20mg/L则会抑制其生长和V（V）的还原;随着接菌量的增加,2种微生物对V（V）的还原能力逐渐增强;2种微生物最适生长pH值均为7.0左右,弱碱性环境下2种微生物对V（V）的还原率高于弱酸性环境;添加1mmol/L AQDS会加快2种微生物对V（V）的还原.菌株培养3d后通过SEM分析,S.oneidensis MR-1和S.putrefaciens进行V（V）还原的同时也伴有少量的吸附作用.利用XPS能谱分析表明S.oneidensis MR-1和S.putrefaciens将V（V）还原为V（IV）.     

长波紫外线对M13mp2噬菌体的致突变作用

以野生型大肠菌CSH50及mutM缺陷的大肠菌MF67为宿主,检测了长波紫外线（UVA）对M13mp2噬菌体单链DNAlacZα基因区域的致突变能力。结果显示,UVA照射可引起噬菌体lacZα基因区域的突变,在mutM缺陷的宿主中,UVA照射的致突变作用更明显。进一步研究了抗氧化剂甘露醇对UVA照射致突变作用的影响,结果显示,0.1mol/L的甘露醇可以部分拮抗UVA的致突变作用。说明UVA照射具有致突变作用,这种作用可能与DNA的氧化损伤有关     

The importance of investigating for uniparental disomy in prenatally identified balanced acrocentric rearrangements

We report the finding of paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14 in a fetus found to have a der(14;14)(q10;q10) by amniocentesis. The pregnancy was complicated by severe polyhydramnios and elevated amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The infant showed features consistent with paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) including postnatal growth retardation, poor respiratory function, feeding difficulties, and evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The present case, in addition to other reported cases of UPD involving balanced acrocentric rearrangements, supports testing for UPD in prenatally detected Robertsonian translocations and isochromosomes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The near U.V. absorption spectra of several aliphatic aldehydes and ketones at 300 K

Absorption cross-sections are reported for acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and 3-pentanone at wavelengths greater than 200 nm, a temperature of 300 K, and a spectral resolution of 0.50 nm. In general, the results are in good agreement with previous measurements of the spectra of these molecules, but are of higher precision than past measurements. For acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, and acetone the cross-section results are combined with previous experimental measurements of the primary quantum yield for photolysis to estimate photodissociation rate constants for a representative set of atmospheric conditions. For the other four carbonyl compounds, upper limits for the photodissociation rate constant are calculated assuming a primary quantum yield of unity at all wavelengths. For acetaldehyde, photolysis is slow in comparison with reaction with hydroxyl radical. For the larger aldehydes and for acetone, photolysis and reaction with OH radical take place at comparable rates. For larger ketones, if the quantum yields for photolysis are unity, as assumed in our calculations, the rate of loss of the compounds by photodissociation could be important compared to reaction with hydroxyl radical.     

热变形对高速钢组织的影响

此文研究了W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢奥氏体化后在750～1150℃等温热压变形对该钢组织的影响.结果表明:该钢在1050℃或更高温度形变才会发生动态再结晶,而950℃或更低温度形变仅发生动态回复;同时热形变诱发析出了NaCl晶型的MC型碳化物;由于形变及碳化物的析出,使得该钢等温形变后直接淬火组织中的位错马氏体量增多.     

类脂分子标志物在海洋有机地球化学中的研究应用

分子标志物是海洋有机地球化学过程研究的一个重要手段，它的开发和应用使得海洋有机地球化学的过程研究成为可能。类脂化合物作为一类最常用的分子标志物，在物质来源、有机质降解、早期 成岩演变、环境污染、古海洋学等诸多方面有着广泛的应用。类脂分子标志物成功地应用在河口、滨海地区和深海海洋中有着物质循环、迁移和埋藏等过程的研究，为海洋有机地球化学过程提供定性或定量的描述。本文简要介绍了类脂分子标志物的特征、开发和利用，并讨论了其优、缺点。