共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 312 毫秒
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利用2012年1月~2015年12月桂林国家基本气象站观测到的地面、高空气象观测资料及大气成分观测资料,从污染物浓度、水汽、风速、大气层结、降水等几个方面初选了29个预报因子,根据这些因子与霾天气相关程度,选取相关显著的因子,分别用事件概率回归、逻辑回归、指数叠加等3种方法建立桂林霾天气的潜势预报模型。结果表明:3种潜势预报模型中Logistic无论是在回报还是预报检验中效果都最好,其中在预报检验中空报率、漏报率、TS评分、准确率分别为32. 0%、34. 5%、50. 2%、80. 3%,事件概率回归、指数叠加建立模型效果稍差,但事件概率模型漏报率只有21. 4%。整体而言,3种模型预报效果稳定,TS预报评分都在50%左右,准确率均超过74%,在实际预报中有较好地参考价值。 相似文献
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利用2017年4月1日~2019年3月31日万盛经开区万东北路站点的空气质量日均值监测数据进行分析发现,万盛大气污染具有很强的季节变化特征,冬半年主要污染物为PM 2.5,夏半年主要污染物为O 3,冬半年污染重于夏半年,颗粒物污染重于O 3污染。万盛污染以轻度污染为主,仅有冬季会出现中度以上污染天气,其首要污染物均为PM 2.5。利用多元回归模型和差分自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)建立了万盛PM 2.5、PM 10与O 3的预报模型。通过对模型得出的预报值与实况值的比较来看,预报与实况的变化趋势基本一致,均可以较好的指示未来AQI的变化趋势。多元回归预报模型中,O 3的预报效果要远好于PM 2.5和PM 10;而ARIMA预报模型三者预报效果接近。总体来说,ARIMA(p,d,q)预报模型对颗粒物污染的预报效果要远好于多元回归预报模型,而O 3则两种模型预报效果接近。 相似文献
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利用2015~2019年茶卡盐湖景区附近气象站资料对茶卡盐湖景区的气象要素进行分析统计,构建了茶卡盐湖景区天空之镜摄影指数预报模型.通过分析研究发现,影响茶卡盐湖天空之镜摄影指数的主要气象因子是云量、能见度、风速和降水.天气晴朗、能见度极好、静风等气象条件特别利于天空之镜摄影拍照;天气阴或中雨及以上降水、能见度很差或极... 相似文献
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Nontraditional settlement patterns and typhoon hazard on contemporary Majuro atoll,Republic of the Marshall Islands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dirk H. R. Spennemann 《Environmental management》1996,20(3):337-348
Low-lying islands and atolls are particularly prone to storm surges created by tropical depressions and typhoons. This paper presents a case study of traditional and contemporary settlement patterns of Majuro, the capital of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and discusses its vulnerability to such storm surges. The paper shows that the application of traditional knowledge extends to the realm of urban planning and that, in fact, ignoring this traditional knowledge as expressed in pre-World War II settlement patterns, exposes urban development to increased flood hazards, a risk which may exact a price too high in life and property. 相似文献
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Abstract: Dry weather runoff in arid, urban watersheds may consist entirely of treated wastewater effluent and/or urban nonpoint source runoff, which can be a source of bacteria, nutrients, and metals to receiving waters. Most studies of urban runoff focus on stormwater, and few have evaluated the relative contribution and sources of dry weather pollutant loading for a range of constituents across multiple watersheds. This study assessed dry weather loading of nutrients, metals, and bacteria in six urban watersheds in the Los Angeles region of southern California to estimate relative sources of each constituent class and the proportion of total annual load that can be attributed to dry weather discharge. In each watershed, flow and water quality were sampled from storm drain and treated wastewater inputs, as well as from in‐stream locations during at least two time periods. Data were used to calculate mean concentrations and loads for various sources. Dry weather loads were compared with modeled wet weather loads under a range of annual rainfall volumes to estimate the relative contribution of dry weather load. Mean storm drain flows were comparable between all watersheds, and in all cases, approximately 20% of the flowing storm drains accounted for 80% of the daily volume. Wastewater reclamation plants (WRP) were the main source of nutrients, storm drains accounted for almost all the bacteria, and metals sources varied by constituent. In‐stream concentrations reflected major sources, for example nutrient concentrations were highest downstream of WRP discharges, while in‐stream metals concentrations were highest downstream of the storm drains with high metals loads. Comparison of wet vs. dry weather loading indicates that dry weather loading can be a significant source of metals, ranging from less than 20% during wet years to greater than 50% during dry years. 相似文献
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L. Donald Duke Thomas S. Lo Michelle W Turner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(4):821-836
ABSTRACT: This research evaluated concentration data for selected water quality parameters in selected California urban separate storm sewer systems during storm event discharges and during dry weather conditions. We used existing monitoring data from multiple regulatory agencies and municipalities originally collected for compliance or local characterization, which allowed systematic assessment of seasonal patterns over a wide region. Long term mean concentration for most parameters in most streams was higher during storm discharges than during dry weather flows to at least 95 percent confidence in 20 of 45 comparative evaluations, and lower statistical confidence in 22 other comparisons. Some regional differences emerged: in four evaluated streams in the San Francisco Bay Area, total concentration of lead, copper and zinc were lower during dry weather than during storm flows to at least 99.9 percent confidence, with only one exception; while the other four evaluated California streams showed the same tendency, but to much lower statistical confidence. 相似文献
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Bruce P. Hayden 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(6):1387-1397
ABSTRACT: Climate change due to enrichment of the atmosphere with carbon dioxide is projected to change the circulation of the atmosphere, increase its moisture content, warm the surface layers, and increase precipitation. Extratropical storms are the intermediate agent in mid-latitudes between changes in the circulation of the atmosphere and surface water resources. The climatology of extratropical storms for the period 1885–1996 is presented, and major changes in storminess are detected across much of North America. General Circulation Model (GCM) projections of storm frequency and storm track are found to have little in common with the observed pattern of storms and evidence no systematic changes in response to an enrichment of the atmosphere with carbon dioxide. 相似文献
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Erich T. Hester Kalen S. Bauman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(2):328-342
Abstract: Runoff from parking lots during summer storms injects surges of hot water into receiving water bodies. We present temperature data collected near urban storm sewer outfalls in Blacksburg, Virginia, using arrays of sensors in a stream and a stormwater pond. Surges occurred roughly a dozen times per month, ranging up to 8.1°C with average duration 2 h in the stream and up to 11.2°C with average duration 7 h in the pond. Surges were larger in the pond due to a larger contributing watershed, no dilution by upstream water, and cool background temperatures near the outfall. Surges began abruptly, warming at rates averaging 0.2°C/min for periods of 5‐20 min. Surges dissipated as they propagated into the water bodies, travelling further in the stream (>19 m) than the pond (~10 m) consistent with greater advection in the stream. Surges were largest and most frequent in the afternoon but occurred at all times of day and night. Stream surges exhibited two phases: an early high‐temperature low‐volume input from the storm sewer and a later low‐temperature high‐volume input from upstream. Surges at the pond did not exhibit two phases, consistent with inputs only from storm sewers. Surges are likely common in urban areas, and may cumulatively have consequences for aquatic organisms, biogeochemical process rates, and even human health. Such effects may be compounded by urban heat islands and climate change, so prevention or mitigation should be considered. 相似文献
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Eric A. Pani Donald R. Haragan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1985,21(3):393-405
A classification scheme for convective precipitation, having applications in both analysis and modeling of meteorological and hydrological events, is presented. The method is based upon observations of rainfall at the ground, radar scans of storm events, and visible and infrared satellite imagery of larger storm systems. Empirical and theoretical frequency distributions are derived for total storm rainfall, rainfall duration and time between storms for each of the convective categories. This stratification is directly applicable to the experimental design and evaluation of weather modification projects and may be useful for the development and interpretation of meteorological and hydrological models. When atmospheric conditions limit storm development to cells, rainfall was seldom observed. Small clusters also produce small amounts of rainfall but have a longer lifetime than cells and are likely candidates for cloud seeding attempts to encourage their growth to large clusters. Large and nested clusters usually produce large amounts of natural precipitation. A few large storms account for most of a season's rainfall. 相似文献
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L. Wojtiw 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(5):849-855
ABSTRACT: Rainstorms which exceed the design capacity of conveyance systems and cause extensive damage to structures and property, occur frequently in Alberta. After such a severe storm, an early and quick assessment of the storm's location and magnitude and the corresponding frequency for various duration (storm intensity-duration curve) is often required to estimate the damage. The storm intensity-duration curve is produced with information obtained from a sparse network of recording raingages, thus, creating a high degree of uncertainty in the result. Short-duration precipitation is usually quite variable in Alberta; hencea very dense network of recording precipitation stations would be required to provide precise measurements of the storm intensity-duration curve at all locations. Such a dense network does not exist in Alberta; it would be very expensive to install, maintain, and thus difficult to justify financially. One solution for obtaining a large amount of closely spaced in-intensity-duration values is to use weather radar. Using weather radar data, intensity-duration curves could be produced routinely for any set of prespecified locations. The radar data thus have the potential for facilitating the identification of the return period of rainfall events quickly, cheaply, and precisely when the long-term intensity-duration curves are available. As a pilot project to demonstrate the feasibility of the method and the potential of the radar data, computer software was developed to derive from archived radar data, intensity-duration values for up to a 2,500 2 area for a given storm. 相似文献
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Miguel A. Medina Jennifer Buzun 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(4):549-557
: This paper presents solutions to the one-dimensional, transient conservation of mass equations for the coupled biochemical oxygen demand-dissolved oxygen (BOD-DO) reactions, based on the principle of superposition, for continuously discharging plane sources. The solutions are applied within the framework of a continuous simulation model to allow the derivation of water quality frequency curves and frequency histograms of consecutive hourly dissolved oxygen violations, for any desired standard. Receiving water response is determined for waste inputs from urban wet weather, dry weather, and upstream sources. An application to Des Moines, Iowa, and Des Moines River indicated that urban storm water impacts on the stream can be masked in the cumulative frequency curve representation, but the benefits of storm water control are clearly shown in frequency histograms of the duration of consecutive stream standard violations. 相似文献
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Patrick Squires 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(5):951-955
ABSTRACT. A review of the development of weather modification to augment precipitation including the cloud-physical foundation is presented. Recent work has tended to re-emphasize the importance of physical understanding of storm systems and of the effects of cloud seeding. The Pyramid Lake Seeding Project is discussed. 相似文献