H－酸废母液的湿式空气氧化处理

研究了用湿式氧化法处理染料中间体Ｈ－酸废母液。在２００－２５０℃，Ｐｏ２＝１－３ＭＰａ下，Ｈ－酸的湿式氧化反应可分为２个阶段，最初１０ｍｉｎ为快反应段，ＣＯＤ快速下降，ＵＶ／可见光吸光度先急剧升高，之后快速降低；慢反应段延续到３０ｍｉｎ，ＣＯＤ和吸光度缓慢下降，其后变化不大。经过温式氧化处理之后，可生化性大幅度改善，在１６０℃，充氧３ＭＰａ，反应１ｈ，可使１０ｇ／Ｌ的Ｈ－酸液的ＣＯＤ降低５０％，ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ由３．４％升高到３３．３％。反应后尾气中不含ＳＯ２，ＮＯｘ类有害气体。     

从铁钍渣中回收并制备成硝酸钍的研究

本文报道了用４０％ＴＢＰ－煤油从铁钍渣中萃取回收钍（４Ｍ的ＨＮＯ３溶液），并制备成硝酸钍的工艺条件。萃取１１级，洗涤５级，反萃取８级。制备的Ｔｈ（ＮＯ３）４·ｘＨ２Ｏ，其纯度达到国家规定的标准，钍回收率９４％以上，整个工艺流程无二次污染。     

改装 Model 42S 化学发光氮氧化物仪测定大气中NO-NOx-NOy

将美国Ｍｏｄｅｌ４２Ｓ化学发光ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ测定仪改装为ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ－ＮＯｙ同机测量．使用ＮＨ４ＮＯ３标定了不锈钢ＮＯｙ转化器．在６６０±１０℃,不锈钢转化器对ＨＮＯ３和ＮＨ３的转化效率分别为１００％和８０％—９０％．在该温度下,没有发现Ｎ２Ｏ被不锈钢转化器转化为ＮＯ．改装后仪器的分辨率、检测限、响应速率和线性度均未改变．根据对ＨＮＯ３的研究结果,该仪器的ＮＯｙ转化器带来的测量误差不大于５％．使用改装后的仪器连续测定了大气中的ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ－ＮＯｙ,得到可靠、合理的数据     

H－酸废母液的湿式空气氧化处理

研究了用湿式氧化法处理染料中间体Ｈ－酸废母液。在２００－２５０℃,Ｐｏ２＝１－３Ｍｐａ下,Ｈ－酸的湿式氧化反庆可分为２个阶段,最初１０ｍｉｎ为快反应段。ＣＯＤ快速下降,ＵＶ／可见光吸光度先急剧升高,之后快速降低;慢反应段延续到３０ｍｉｎ,ＣＯＤ和吸光度缓慢下降,其后变化不大,经过湿式氧化处理之后,可生化性大幅度改善,在１６０℃,充氧３ＭＰａ,反应１ｈ,可使１０ｇ／Ｌ的Ｈ－酸液的ＣＯＤ降低５０％,Ｄ     

恒温平台石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的镉

土壤样品经ＨＣｌ－ＨＮＯ３－ＨＦ－ＨＣｌＯ４消解后，以ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４作为基体改进剂，纵向交流塞曼效应扣背景，恒温平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定消解液中的镉，相对标准偏差为±１．６％，加标回收率在９０％以上，最低检出限为０．００２ｍｇ／ｋｇ     

石化工业渣泥中微量砷的石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定

石化工业渣泥经Ｈ２ＳＯ４—ＨＮＯ３—ＨＣｌＯ４消解处理后，采用镍作为基体改进剂，偏振塞曼效应扣去背景，实现了砷的石墨炉原子吸收法的直接测定。该方法操作简便、干扰少、灵敏度高。砷的检测下限为０．７ｎｇ／ｍＬ，样品分析回收率达９４％～１０３％，相对标准偏差为４．７％。     

在硫酸介质中处理含砷物料

试验测定了Ｈ２ＳＯ４浓度、温度等因素对Ａｓ２Ｏ３在Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中的溶解度，初步摸索出Ａｓ２Ｏ３在Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中溶解度最小的条件。     

WO3/TiO2复合半导体的光催化性能研究

采用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法制备ＷＯ３／ＴｉＯ２纳米粉末,以高压汞灯为光源,亚甲基蓝溶液的光催降为模型反应,结果表明,掺入ＷＯ３摩尔比为２％时,ＷＯ３／ＴｉＯ２的光活性最高;随着热处理温升高,ＷＯ３／ＴｉＯ光活性增强;     

离子色谱法测定土壤中的可溶性盐分

以０．００３０ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＨＣＯ－０．００２４ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＣＯ３为淋洗液，离子色谱法测定土壤浸提液中的组分，Ｃｌ＾－，ＮＯ＾－３，ＳＯ＾２－４三组分的相对标准偏差小于５％，加标回收率在９０％以上，可以做多组分的同时测定，具有比较高的测试效率。     

半胱氨酸合铁（Ⅱ）溶液同时脱除烟中SO2和NOx的研究

研究用半胱氨酸合铁溶液同时脱除烟气中ＳＯ２和ＮＯｘ，研究了「ＳＯ＾２－３」对ＮＯｘ脱除率的影响，半胱氨酸的再生。实验表明，烟气中ＳＯ２可以全部脱除；随「ＳＯ＾２－３」的增加能增大半胱氨酸合铁（Ⅱ）溶液对ＮＯ的吸收。     

Application of closed-vessel microwave digestion method for the determination of multi-elements in environmental samples by sequential ICP-AES

A closed-vessel microwave digestion method is described for the rapid dissolution of environmental samples such as foods, soils and sediments. Depending on the sample type, 0.1-0.2 g sample was decomposed with HNO3/H2O2 or HNO3 / H2O2/HF acid mixture in a PTFE digestion vessel by using microwave heating for 2-3 min at 500W of microwave power. The solution, or to which 0.5 g of boric acid was added, was diluted to 25-50 ml and directly determined by sequential ICP-AES. The accuracy of the procedure was validated by the analysis of six standard reference materials for 10 elements. Ail results were in a good agreements with the certified values.     

Removal of NOx from flue gas with radical oxidation combined with chemical scrubber

In this paper, removal of NOx(namely DeNOx) from flue gas by radical injection combined with NaOH solution(26% by weight of NaOH in water) scrubbing was investigated. The experimental results showed that the steady streamer corona occurs through adjusting the flow rate of the oxygen fed into the nozzles electrode. The vapor in the oxygen has influence on the V-I characteristics of corona discharge. Both HNO2 and HNO3 come into being in the plasma reactor and the DeNOx efficiency in the plasma reactor is more than 60%. The overall DeNOx efficiency of the whole system reaches 81.7 % when the NaOH solution scrubbing is collaborated.     

表面酸碱2步改性对活性炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

研究了酸碱2步改性对活性炭吸附水相中Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.将活性炭(AC₀)在HNO₃溶液中氧化(AC₁),然后在NaOH和NaCl的混合液中处理(AC₂).分别采用平衡和连续吸附试验,测试Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特征.以Boemh滴定法定量检测活性炭表面酸性官能团数量,结合元素分析结果定量表征活性炭的表面含氧官能团变化;以低温液氮(N₂/77K)吸附法分析活性炭的比表面积和孔径结构.结果表明:活性炭经2步改性后,其Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附容量和吸附速度均显著改变.吸附容量和吸附速度大小依次为AC₂>AC₁>AC₀.改性活性炭表面积下降,表面含氧酸性官能团数量增加.HNO₃液相氧化处理可使活性炭表面生成带正电含氧酸性官能团,第2步改性后活性炭表面酸性官能团H⁺部分被Na⁺取代,使活性炭表面酸性降低.表面较多的含氧酸性官能团(与AC₀相比)、适宜的表面pH(与AC₁相比)是AC₂所表现出较高Cr(Ⅵ)吸附容量的主要原因.     

原子吸收法测定土壤中铜锌铅镉

通过对几种消解体系的对比 ,选择出铅、镉最佳的消解方法为硝酸 氢氟酸 双氧水体系 ;铜锌最佳的消解方法为硝酸 氢氟酸 高氯酸体系。不同方法既能达到全量分析的要求 ,又能使基体干扰降到最小。通过对标准样品的多次测定 ,测定值均在其保证值范围内 ,铅镉相对标准偏差为 2 2 %～ 7 2 % ,加标回收率在 83%～ 116 %之间 ;铜锌相对标准偏差为 2 6 %～ 4 5 % ,加标回收率在 92 %～ 10 3%之间。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中的锡

研究了硝酸－高氯酸体系消解、石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中锡的方法。采用酒石酸－锆复合溶液作基体改进剂,锆涂层热解石墨管为原子化器。方法的检出限为3μg/L(样品消解溶液)。实际样品测定的相对标准偏差小于7.5%,加标回收率为90%～97%。      

ICP-AES法测定煤矸石中的Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr

取1.000g矸石样品于聚四氟乙烯坩埚中,加入5mLH2O2放置过夜,加6mL浓HCl,4mL浓HNO3,在微波炉中消解至近干,再加2mLHF,继续消解至粘稠状,用温热稀HCl溶解残渣,转入50mL容量瓶中,加1%HNO3定容,用ICP-AES法测定煤矸中Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr。在选定的测定条件下,检出限分别为0.013mg/L、0.0044mg/L、0.0014mg/L和0.0069mg/L;精密度的相对标准偏差分别为2.9%、3.4%、3.1%、2.1%;准确度实验铬的回收率在97.5%～106.0%之间。     

Characterization of condensed phase nitric acid particles formed in the gas phase

The formation of nitric acid hydrates has been observed in a chamber during the dark reaction of NO2 with O3 in the presence of air. The size of condensed phase nitric acid was measured to be 40–100 nm and 20–65 nm at relative humidity (RH) 6 5% and RH = 67% under our experimental conditions, respectively. The nitric acid particles were collected on the glass fiber membrane and their chemical compositions were analyzed by infrared spectrum. The main components of nitric acid hydrates in particles are HNO3 3H2O and NO3?? xH2O (x> 4) at low RH, whereas at high RH HNO3 H2O, HNO3 2H2O, HNO3 3H2O and NO3?? xH2O (x> 4) all exist in the condensed phase. At high RH HNO3 xH2O (x 6 3) collected on the glass fiber membrane is greatly increased, while NO3?? xH2O (x > 4) decreased, compared with low RH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report that condensed phase nitric acid can be generated in the gas phase at room temperature.     

不同浸取剂对垃圾焚烧飞灰浸出特性影响研究

研究了3种浸取液硝酸/氢氧化钠、冰醋酸/氢氧化钠、硝酸与硫酸混合溶液对垃圾焚烧飞灰浸出特性的影响.结果表明,①不同浸取剂对飞灰浸出液表现出不同的缓冲能力,浸取液缓冲能力大小顺序为：冰醋酸>硝酸与硫酸混合酸>硝酸;②在酸性较强时,醋酸浸取液对重金属Zn、Cd和Cr的溶解能力最强,其次为硝酸与硫酸的混合酸,而Pb的浸出浓度受浸取剂种类的影响不明显;③以醋酸浸取剂时,重金属Pb和Zn在液固比为40时出现最大浸出浓度,而Cd浸出浓度在液固比为20时出现最大值;硝酸与硫酸混合和硝酸浸取液的液固比增加时,重金属Pb、Zn、Cd和Cr浸出浓度逐渐减少.     

Observations of nitrous acid and its relative humidity dependence in Shanghai

Nitrous acid, HNO2, is an important precursor of OH radicals in the troposphere. Measurements of HNO2 and NO2, using differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS）, were performed in Shanghai, China for a period from October 22, 2004 to January 4, 2005. The mean （and median） hourly concentrations of HNO2 and NO2 during this period were 1.1 （0.7） ppb and 24 （21.4） ppb respectively. A correlation between HNO2/NO2 and PM10 mass concentrations was obtained. This correlation suggests that significant heterogeneous chemical production of HNO2 may occur through NO2 reactions on aerosol surfaces. This hypothesis was further supported by detailed analysis of selected pollution episodes in this study. At the same time, the water dependence of HNO2 formation was studied by analysis of relative humidity （RH）. It showed that the maximum HNO2/NO2 ratio was increased along with RH below 70% and inhibited at RH〉70%.     

Field measurements of dissociation of ammonium nitrate at a Beijing site

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