金属镁渣的回收利用现状

近年来,我国镁冶炼行业快速发展,随着原镁和镁合金年产量的逐年增高,排放出来的镁渣也越来越多,如何有效合理地处理、开发利用镁渣,达到节约能源、节约资源、变废为宝和变害为利的目的,是当前迫切需要解决的问题。对近年来我国有关镁渣的研究应用情况进行全面的总结。     

认真落实铬渣环境污染的限期治理

铬盐是用途广泛的重要无机化学产品,铬盐行业是我国工业中重要的行业之一,在国民经济中占有重要地位,它关系到冶金、化工、轻工、机械、电子等许多工业的发展。例如天津市工业产值中的25%与铬盐产品有关,可以说铬盐产品渗透在包括人们日常生活在内的各个领域。随着国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,我国对铬盐产品的需求量将会逐年增加。然而铬盐行业也是污染环境的大户,铬盐生产过程中排出的铬渣,含有剧毒的水溶性六价铬,对人体健康及环境造成严重的危害。铬渣对环境的污染不但引起强烈的社会反响,同时也制约着铬盐行业自身的发展,进而影响着经济的发展,并已造成了多起污染事故。解决铬盐行业的环境污染,特别是解决铬渣污染问题,已成为迫在眉睫的事了。     

利用炉渣生产耐火材料

重点介绍了炉渣中的铝铬渣、铬铁渣、钒铁渣制备耐火材料工艺技术及应用,其广泛用于有色冶金炉窑的工作衬,使用效果好。同时分别介绍了利用钛铁渣、硼铁渣、高炉渣、钢渣、富硼渣、铝渣、铝灰、黄磷渣、气化炉渣、石化工业催化剂渣生产耐火材料。炉渣数量大,种类多,深入研究,以期使更多炉渣用做耐火材料。     

专利名称:一种从湿法炼锌铜镉渣中回收有价金属的方法

正专利申请号:CN201710613380.X公开号:CN107557589A申请日:2017.07.25公开日:2018.01.09申请人:昆明理工大学本发明涉及一种从湿法炼锌铜镉渣中回收有价金属的方法,属于有色冶金中的湿法炼锌技术领域。首先将铜镉渣进行一次浸出得到富镉液和一次浸出渣;将得到的一次浸出     

我国电力工业的发展前景与展望

介绍了我国电力工业的发展现状，着重分析了电力工业发展中存在的诸多问题。从可持续发展的角度出发，我国电力工业在严格控制火力发电的同时，应该重点发展火力发电，适度发展核电技术，重视可再生能源的开发利用以及大力发展发布式能源冷热电联产技术。     

用硫酸烧渣制取硫酸亚铁

用硫酸烧渣制取硫酸亚铁在硫酸的生产过程中，排出硫酸烧渣，其中含有５８％的铁和一些有色金属。目前，我国对此废渣尚未很好地利用。我们采用一种廉价的还原剂，将其先与此烧渣进行还原反应，使烧渣中的三价铁全部转化为低价铁，而后再用硫酸厂的废硫酸浸取还原渣，浸出...     

专利文摘

一种利用含锂废液生产氯化锂的方法,一种用冶金渣制备聚硅硫酸铁铝的方法,负载型纳米二氧化钛的弥散光纤光催化反应器,乙烯碱洗废液再生处理工艺,一种复合活性炭脱硫剂的制备方法     

酸洗废渣再资源化的几条途径

本文介绍了对钢铁部件加工厂的酸洗废渣(磷泥)的开发利用,并着重介绍了在磷泥的综合利用过程中所产生的二次废渣——红泥渣再资源化的几条途径。文中所述利用方法:利用磷泥生产磷酸钠,已在小化工厂得到应用;利用红泥渣制油污清洗剂和水处理剂、制氧化铁红、回收磷酸钠粗品,均已完成了小试,目前正处于试生产阶段。     

华锡集团河池冶金化工厂从废渣中回收金属

日前,华锡集团河池冶金化工厂成功地从转前渣(铅锑综合渣)中回收金属铜和铋,解决了困扰该厂多年的铅锑综合产品杂质含量高的技术难题。 　　河冶厂现已建成了一座年产铅锑综合产量15000吨的冶炼工艺流程。过去由于生产技术落后,对含有大量金属铜(品位3%～5%)和铋(品位3%～4%)的转前渣无法进行回收。今年,河冶厂成立了新产品开发办,抽出精干的技术人员进行科技攻关,使铜、铋开路(分别回收)试验获得成功,降低了铅锑产品中铜铋的金属含量,提高了产品质量。铜铋炉窑投产后,年铜产品产量达到30吨,铋12吨,直接创造经济效益120多万元。 (黄若斌)     

利用工业废渣生产水泥新工艺

我司水泥厂从1981年开始利用本司合成氨厂的废渣作原料，通过近二十年的不断探索，我司水泥厂生产不仅消化利用了本司合成氨厂的废渣，而且还消化利用了邻近县市的工业废渣，工业废渣占原料的比例现已稳定在35％以上，已利用的废渣有：合成氨造气渣、锅炉渣、干煤灰、湿煤灰，以及外厂的煤渣，硫酸渣，锅炉渣和碎砖，氟化渣和瓷坯。特别是1999年上半年，通过改进工艺，利用合成氨干煤灰和湿煤灰作水泥燃料，独创了水泥生产不需燃料煤的无煤生产新工艺。     

Causes of accidents by soy sauce squeezing residue and fish meal

Recently, a demand for the reuse, recycling and reduction of waste has arisen. In the food industry, efforts are being made to recycle the waste produced and use resources more efficiently. However, some industrial food waste or recycled waste materials generate heat as a result of fermentation and oxidation, which leads to an increase in temperature during storage and transport, ultimately resulting in spontaneous ignition. In this study, we examined the fermentation and heat generation by soy sauce squeezing residue (SSSR) produced during the brewing of soy sauce and by the fish meal produced during the processing of fish residue. The objective of this study was to investigate the causes of fires using various heat analysis methods and to understand the processes of fermentation and oxidation of food industry waste that lead to spontaneous ignition.     

废塑料再生产业园的规划及环境影响评价

论述了我国废塑料再生行业存在的问题和废塑料再生产业园的规划特点。探讨了产业园的合理选址、系统规划布局、同步环境影响评价在废塑料再生产业园建设中的重要性,介绍了环境影响分析和园区清洁生产与循环经济等内容。指出建立废塑料再生产业园,必须通过合理规划布局并及时开展环境影响评价工作,这是保护环境、防控污染的有效措施。     

Waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens

The Japan Iron and Steel Federation (JISF), as its voluntary energy-saving action plan, proposed a 10% energy reduction by 2010 with 1990 as the basis. Further, it has suggested an additional 1.5% energy saving by the use of waste plastics as a metallurgical raw material. The amount of processing of waste plastics which corresponds to this amount of energy conversion is about 1 million t scale during 1 year. Conventional known methods for recycle-processing of waste plastics include, for example, the method of injection into a blast furnace to use waste plastics as an iron-ore reducing agent instead of coal. On the other hand, the coking process is considered to be suitable as a waste plastic recycling facility because the process involves coal carbonization in a high-temperature and reducing atmosphere. Carbonization tests with mixed waste plastics were conducted with laboratory equipment and in actual coke ovens. As a result, it was confirmed that the waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens is feasible. Therefore, a waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens was started as a chemical recycling technology at Nippon Steel.     

废旧塑料的再生及其在制管行业中的应用

总结了再生、降解、焚烧及填埋等几种废旧塑料处置方式的特点,指出对于品种单一、老化程度低的废旧塑料应优先选择再生利用.重点介绍了废旧聚氯乙烯塑料、聚乙烯塑料、聚丙烯塑料、氯化聚氯乙烯塑料的再生及其在制管行业中的利用情况进展.     

Networking possibilities for waste recycling in Miyagi prefecture, Japan

Successful case studies for waste recycling in Japan have not been evaluated. The evaluation of economic efficiency and environmental effects were lacking at the time the actual network was established. A waste/resource input/output (I/O) coincidence retrieval system called ZENESYS was developed to examine the usefulness of a waste-exchange network in a nonmanufacturing district. We analyzed data from the Miyagi prefecture, a region without heavy industry. The data were collected from 77 companies using a questionnaire and interviews. A total of 33 possible waste exchange links arose after analysis using ZENESYS. However, these were frail networks that relied heavily on the construction industry. Two waste recycling technologies were selected from the ZENESYS database: reclaiming fuel from waste plastic and making construction materials from bottom ash. Evaluation of the environmental effects and economics of these two technologies showed they were both suitable for the environment, but no profit was made from reclaiming fuel from waste plastics. We concluded that in an area with no heavy industry, it may be difficult to adopt recycling technologies that have high environmental and economic performance. Materials are difficult to circulate among manufacturing industries even if a waste-exchange network exists, and resources are consumed during transportation and recycling.     

Life cycle assessment of integrated recycling schemes for plastic containers and packaging with consideration of resin composition

Many life cycle assessment studies have evaluated and compared the environmental performance of various technologies for recycling plastic containers and packaging in Japan and other countries. However, no studies have evaluated the combination of recycling technologies in consideration of the resin composition in terms of the quantity of each recycled product so as to maximize their environmental potential. In this study, 27 scenarios of recycling schemes for household waste plastic containers and packaging are developed through integrating a conventional recycling scheme with additional recycling schemes. The conventional recycling scheme involves municipal curbside collection and either the material recycling or feedstock recycling of waste plastics. The additional recycling schemes are feedstock recycling in steel works of the residue from conventional material recycling processes, and corporate voluntary collection and independent material recycling of specific types of plastic trays. Life cycle assessment based on the modeling of recycling processes considering the resin composition in terms of the quantity of each recycled product is applied to evaluate and compare these scenarios from the viewpoints of fossil resource consumption and CO₂ emission. The results show that the environmental loads are reduced in all scenarios including the additional recycling schemes compared with the conventional recycling scheme. However, the independent plastic tray recycling scheme exhibits lower additional environmental savings when the residue recycling scheme is integrated with the conventional material recycling scheme. This is because both additional recycling schemes aim to utilize polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate, which would otherwise be incinerated as residue from material recycling processes. The evaluation of the environmental loads of plastic recycling with consideration of the resin composition in terms of the quantity of each recycled product makes it possible to investigate recycling schemes that integrate different technologies to maximize their environmental potential.     

Packaging waste recycling in Europe: Is the industry paying for it?

This paper describes and examines the schemes established in five EU countries for the recycling of packaging waste. The changes in packaging waste management were mainly implemented since the Directive 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste entered into force. The analysis of the five systems allowed the authors to identify very different approaches to cope with the same problem: meet the recovery and recycling targets imposed by EU law. Packaging waste is a responsibility of the industry. However, local governments are generally in charge of waste management, particularly in countries with Green Dot schemes or similar extended producer responsibility systems. This leads to the need of establishing a system of financial transfers between the industry and the local governments (particularly regarding the extra costs involved with selective collection and sorting). Using the same methodological approach, the authors also compare the costs and benefits of recycling from the perspective of local public authorities for France, Portugal and Romania. Since the purpose of the current paper is to take note of who is paying for the incremental costs of recycling and whether the industry (i.e. the consumer) is paying for the net financial costs of packaging waste management, environmental impacts are not included in the analysis. The work carried out in this paper highlights some aspects that are prone to be improved and raises several questions that will require further research. In the three countries analyzed more closely in this paper the industry is not paying the net financial cost of packaging waste management. In fact, if the savings attained by diverting packaging waste from other treatment (e.g. landfilling) and the public subsidies to the investment on the “recycling system” are not considered, it seems that the industry should increase the financial support to local authorities (by 125% in France, 50% in Portugal and 170% in Romania). However, in France and Portugal the industry is paying local authorities more than just the incremental costs of recycling (full costs of selective collection and sorting minus the avoided costs). To provide a more definitive judgment on the fairness of the systems it will be necessary to assess the cost efficiency of waste management operators (and judge whether operators are claiming costs or eliciting “prices”).     

Comparisons of four categories of waste recycling in China's paper industry based on physical input-output life-cycle assessment model

Waste recycling for paper production is an important component of waste management. This study constructs a physical input-output life-cycle assessment (PIO-LCA) model. The PIO-LCA model is used to investigate environmental impacts of four categories of waste recycling in China’s paper industry: crop straws, bagasse, textile wastes and scrap paper. Crop straw recycling and wood utilization for paper production have small total intensity of environmental impacts. Moreover, environmental impacts reduction of crop straw recycling and wood utilization benefits the most from technology development. Thus, using crop straws and wood (including wood wastes) for paper production should be promoted. Technology development has small effects on environmental impacts reduction of bagasse recycling, textile waste recycling and scrap paper recycling. In addition, bagasse recycling and textile waste recycling have big total intensity of environmental impacts. Thus, the development of bagasse recycling and textile waste recycling should be properly limited. Other pathways for reusing bagasse and textile wastes should be explored and evaluated. Moreover, imports of scrap paper should be encouraged to reduce large indirect impacts of scrap paper recycling on domestic environment.     

The BATINTREC process for reclaiming used batteries

The Integrated Battery Recycling (BATINTREC) process is an innovative technology for the recycling of used batteries and electronic waste, which combines vacuum metallurgical reprocessing and a ferrite synthesis process. Vacuum metallurgical reprocessing can be used to reclaim the mercury (Hg) in the dry batteries and the cadmium (Cd) in the Ni-Cd batteries. The ferrite synthesis process reclaims the other heavy metals by synthesizing ferrite in a liquid phase. Mixtures of manganese oxide and carbon black are also produced in the ferrite synthesis process. The effluent from the process is recycled, thus significantly minimizing its discharge. The heavy metal contents of the effluent could meet the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard of China if the ratio of the crushed battery scrap and powder to FeSO4.7H2O is set at 1:6. This process could not only stabilize the heavy metals, but also recover useful resource from the waste.     

Recycling of waste lead storage battery by vacuum methods

Waste lead storage battery is the most important recyclable lead material not only in various European and other OECD countries but also in China. Pollution control of lead has become the focus of people’s attention in the world. A vacuum process for recycling waste lead storage battery was developed in this work. The experimental results showed that all the valuable materials in waste lead storage battery could be satisfactorily recycled by vacuum technologies. The vacuum melting of lead grids and the vacuum reduction of lead pastes produce the lead bullion with the direct recovery ratio of 96.29% and 98.98%, respectively. The vacuum pyrolysis of plastics can produce pyrolysis oil with yield of more than 93 wt.%. These vacuum recycling technologies offer improvements in metallurgical and environmental performance.