微波预处理对制革污泥絮凝脱水性能的影响

分别采用微波、絮凝剂和微波联合絮凝剂对制革污泥进行脱水预处理,考察不同处理条件下制革污泥沉降速率(SV30)、毛细吸水时间(CST)和污泥比阻(SRF)的变化,并通过粘度、水分分布和微观结构的变化探讨相关的脱水机理。结果表明,在微波输出功率为648 W、辐射时间为60 s的预处理条件下,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)投加剂量为8 mg/L时,污泥脱水性能达到最佳。与单独添加絮凝剂的污泥脱水相比,该条件下的SV30、CST和SRF分别降低了25.0%、48.9%和34.7%。污泥絮凝脱水前进行微波预处理能够进一步提高污泥的脱水性能,微波辐射联合CPAM进行污泥脱水时,CPAM则起主要脱水作用。微波辐射通过破坏污泥絮体结构,改变污泥中的水分分布,降低污泥的粘度,从而提高污泥的脱水性能。     

微波调质对剩余污泥结构及其脱水性能的影响

研究了微波辐射功率及微波时间对剩余污泥脱水特性的影响,测试分析了微波处理后污泥的粒径(d0.5)、分形维数(D3)、絮体强度(FS)、表面相对疏水性(RH),以及这些参数与污泥脱水性能之间的相关性。结果表明,微波功率为540 W、微波时间为15 s时污泥脱水性能最好,此时d0.5、D3、FS、RH相对原污泥都有明显增大。从多元线性模型拟合结果可知,污泥特性参数d0.5、D3、FS对污泥比阻均有显著影响。     

类芬顿试剂耦合超声对活性污泥脱水性能的影响

含水率是影响污泥处置效果与成本的重要因素。通过污泥含水率、毛细吸水时间(CST)、污泥比阻(SRF)、污泥上清液中的蛋白质、多糖、DNA含量等指标,研究了类芬顿试剂耦合超声对活性污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明,类芬顿试剂中H2O2的投加量为90 mg/g,Fe3+的投加量为10 mg/g,超声3 min,此时污泥的毛细吸水时间为29.8 s,污泥比阻为2.07×1011s2/g,污泥的含水率降至73.9%。类芬顿试剂耦合超声能有效破坏污泥絮体结构,增加上清液的蛋白质、多糖、DNA含量。     

核桃壳骨架构建剂对污泥脱水性能的影响

污泥最终处置的困难在于提高泥饼的含固量和降低其含水率。研究用核桃壳做骨架构建剂对污泥进行调理对污泥脱水性能改善的影响。通过测定污泥比阻(SRF),毛细吸水时间(CST)以及抽滤后污泥含水率,探究核桃壳骨架构建剂对污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明,采用核桃壳做骨架构建剂调理污泥的最佳添加量为4∶6(核桃壳与污泥干重比),最佳粒径为0.25 mm。用真空抽滤脱水,核桃壳调理后污泥的含水率明显降低。含水率为97.5%的原泥经过29 min真空抽滤后泥饼含水率降至70.52%;按核桃壳与污泥干重比4∶6,添加粒径0.25 mm的核桃壳后,泥饼含水率降为63.57%,SRF由初始的3.73×1013m/kg,降为调理后的1.06×1013m/kg。     

微波-高锰酸钾耦合调理城市剩余活性污泥

采用微波、微波-高锰酸钾耦合工艺对城市剩余活性污泥进行调理。结果表明:(1)微波辐射改善污泥脱水性能的适宜时间为100s,此时污泥比阻(SRF)降至4.49×10~(12) m/kg,较初始值减小63.79%,污泥破解度为2.97%,上清液中胞外聚合物(EPS)为236.11mg/L。(2)微波-高锰酸钾耦合工艺能有效破解污泥,但不利于污泥脱水;污泥破解的适宜高锰酸钾投量为100mg/g(以单位质量总固体计),此时污泥破解度为40.47%,上清液中EPS为542.83mg/L。(3)污泥经微波-高锰酸钾耦合调理后,30d累计产气量为284mL,较未处理污泥和微波辐射调理污泥分别高20.85%和14.06%。     

超声耦合高铁酸钾对印染污泥脱水性能的影响

分别采用高铁酸钾、超声、超声耦合高铁酸钾对印染污泥的脱水性能进行研究,考察了印染污泥中沉降速率(SV30)、毛细吸水时间(CST)、污泥破解率DDCOD和泥饼含水率等脱水指标的变化情况。结果表明,低声能密度(0.225~0.45 W·m L~(-1))和短超声时间(1~6 min)都能够促进污泥的脱水性能。在声能密度为0.45 W·m L~(-1),超声时间为4 min的最佳超声条件下,SV_(30)和CST分别下降了6.3%和16.35%。同时,高铁酸钾的添加使污泥脱水效果更显著,在最佳添加量(60 mg·g~(-1))下,SV_(30)、CST和泥饼含水率较原污泥减少了18.36%、31%和13.07%。为了促进污泥脱水,最佳污泥破解率DDCOD为2%~5%。扫描电镜结果显示,在最佳条件下处理的污泥较原污泥变化明显,原有颗粒结构被破坏,利于污泥脱水。     

软水树脂再生废液提高印染污泥脱水性能的研究

研究了软水树脂再生废液和热处理对印染污泥脱水性能的影响。以污泥比阻(SRF)和毛细吸水时间(CST)作为评价污泥脱水性能的指标,通过测定污泥Zeta电位和FT-IR光谱来阐述污泥脱水机理。实验确定的最佳污泥脱水条件为:加热温度70℃,100 m L污泥添加30 m L软水树脂再生废液(软水树脂再生废液中Ca2+的量约为干污泥质量的11.9%),污泥比阻由2.52×1011m·kg~(-1)降至0.85×1011m·kg~(-1),污泥CST由15.2 s降至8.9 s。随着Ca2+浓度的增加,可使污泥表面电荷明显减少,较高的温度可能会加强这种影响。FT-IR光谱表明,Ca2+能与絮体的O—H官能团、蛋白质等相互作用。实验还对软水树脂再生废液与常用阳离子絮凝剂Fe Cl3和Al2(SO4)3的絮凝效果进行了比较。研究证明软水树脂再生废液可作为絮凝剂使用,是一种经济有效的改善污泥脱水性能的方法,且实现了废物利用。     

污泥调理对给水污泥脱水性能的影响

为了研究污泥调理对给水厂污泥脱水性能的影响,对不同水厂的污泥进行了特性研究及调理实验。实验结果表明:2个水厂污泥中有机物含量及Zeta电位差别较大,大庆某水厂污泥中不溶性大分子有机物和腐殖酸等亲水性物质含量较多,使得污泥的脱水过程受到影响。2种污泥在污泥比阻、沉降比、毛细吸水时间(CST)上的差异均可说明南通某水厂污泥的脱水性能远优于大庆某水厂污泥。经过污泥调理过程,二者的脱水性能均得到改善。对于南通某水厂污泥,高效聚合氯化铝(HPAC)的调理具有较为明显的优势,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对其脱水性能的改善作用次之,聚合氯化铝(PACl)调理效果最弱;对于大庆某水厂污泥,PACl、HPAC在提高污泥脱水性能方面效果欠佳,而使用阴离子型PAM虽然会增加体系中TOC含量,但其强大的吸附架桥能力可以有效地使污泥颗粒聚沉,使得污泥脱水性能得到较大幅度的提升,表现出最优的污泥调理效果。     

Ca2+和PAM 对污泥流变性和脱水性能的影响

研究了Ca2+和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)在污泥调理过程中对污泥流变行为和脱水性能的影响,通过对粘度、毛细吸水时间(CST)、比阻(SRF)等参数的测量,发现Ca2+单独作用时对污泥脱水性能的提高不大,而不同含量的Ca2+和PAM混合后,对污泥的流变行为和脱水性能都有不同程度的影响,发现20 mg/L的PAM连同140%DS的Ca2+对污泥共同进行调理时,体系表观粘度最低,脱水性能最好,同时经济成本也较低.研究表明,还不能肯定地得出可用体系的表观粘度作为调理剂最佳投加量的控制指标.     

电解-CPAM联用对印染污泥脱水性能的影响

采用铜-石墨为电极,考察了电解电压、反应时间、极板间距和阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)等因素对印染污泥脱水效果的影响。结果表明,在极板间距为3 cm,电压为15 V,反应时间为40 min时,印染污泥的絮体破解效果最佳。该条件下,添加6.67 mg/g(以污泥干基计,DS)CPAM后,印染污泥的比阻(SRF)、毛细吸水时间(CST)与粘度分别下降了59.30%、41.62%和68.14%,滤饼含水率由89.30%下降至82.08%。扫描电镜结果显示,经过最佳条件处理后,污泥絮体被破坏,减弱了对内部结合水的保持力,使污泥脱水性能得到改善。     

Application of Fenton’s reagent combined with sawdust on the dewaterability of oily sludge

Fenton’s reagent and sawdust were used on the dewaterability of the raw oily sludge in this study. The result shows that the combination of the two treatment processes is favorable, although the application of Fenton’s reagent only is not so good. The capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were used to evaluate the effect of dewaterability of the raw oily sludge, and the CST and SRF values are reduced from 1,760 s and 13.8?×?10¹² m/kg to 185 s and 1.5?×?10¹² m/kg, respectively. The dry matter contents of sludge cakes and properties of the supernatant all gained when using only the Fenton’s reagent and when using the combined treatment with Fenton’s reagent and sawdust respectively were investigated. The results indicate that the oily sludge is more suitable for further treatment after combined process with Fenton’s reagent and sawdust.     

蠕虫捕食对污泥性质的影响

利用一种新型静态序批式蠕虫生物反应器处理剩余污泥,另设一个未加蠕虫的反应器作为对照。通过对比分析2个反应器中污泥的比减量速率、沉降性能、脱水性能和比好氧速率来研究蠕虫捕食对污泥性质的影响。实验结果表明,蠕虫具有良好的污泥减量效果,蠕虫加入后可使污泥比减量速率增加（0．15±0．02）mg／（mg·d）。蠕虫作用后污泥沉降性能明显改善,污泥容积指数（SVI）降低28．9％,胞外聚合物（EPS）含量减少和污泥絮体结构变得更加密实规则是污泥沉降性能得到改善的重要原因。蠕虫捕食后污泥脱水性能变差,污泥标准化毛细吸水时间和比阻分别增大2．45倍和1．16倍,推测主要是由污泥絮体平均粒径减小造成的。另外,蠕虫的存在会降低污泥的微生物活性,异养细菌、氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的比好氧速率分别降低7．09％、7．84％和8．29％。     

Performance evaluation of a bipolar electrolysis/electrocoagulation (EL/EC) reactor to enhance the sludge dewaterability

The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of a bipolar electrolysis/electrocoagulation reactor designed to enhance the sludge dewaterability. The reactor was 15 L in volume, with two series of plates used in it; Ti/RuO₂ plates for the electrolysis of the sludge, and also aluminum and iron plates for electrocoagulation process. The dewaterability of the sludge was determined in terms of its capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF), while the degree of sludge disintegration was determined based on the value of degree of sludge disintegration (DD_SCOD). The maximum reduction in CST and SRF was observed at a detention time of 20 min and a voltage of 30 V. However, increasing of both detention time and voltage significantly increased the values of CST and SRF even to an extent that they both exceeded those of the untreated sludge. The optimal degree of sludge disintegration achieved by the present study was 2.5%, which was also achieved at a detention time of 20 min and a voltage of 30 V. As reported previously, increased DD_SCOD values led to increasing CST and SRF values, due primarily to the disruption of the sludge flocs. According to the results from the present study, it can be concluded that simultaneous application of electrocoagulation and electrolysis is effective in enhancing the sludge dewaterability, because electrocoagulation helps to achieve a higher degree of sludge disintegration while maintaining the desired sludge dewaterability.     

生物淋滤-Fenton对印染污泥脱水性能的影响

采用嗜酸性硫杆菌生物淋滤联合Fenton氧化法对印染污泥脱水性能进行了研究。结果表明,生物淋滤过程中pH下降速率随着硫粉添加量增加而变快,经生物淋滤处理后污泥的脱水性能在一定程度上得到了改善。对生物淋滤后的污泥进行了Fenton氧化处理,获得的最佳反应条件为反应时间2h,H2O2和Fe2＋添加量分别为6g／L和0．5g／L。在该条件下,污泥上清液中总有机碳（TOC）由20．8mg／L增加到356．6mg／L;污泥比阻（SRF）和滤饼含水率分别由5．98×10^11s2／g和88．75％减少至1．26×10^11 S2／g和82．85％。生物淋滤-Fenton氧化法在污泥破解程度和脱水性能改善方面均优于单独Fenton氧化法。     

Co-conditioning of the anaerobic digested sludge of a municipal wastewater treatment plant with alum sludge: benefit of phosphorus reduction in reject water.

In this study, alum sludge was introduced to co-conditioning and dewatering with an anaerobic digested sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, to examine the role of the alum sludge in improving the dewaterbility of the mixed sludge and also in immobilizing phosphorus in the reject water. Experiments have demonstrated that the optimal mix ratio for the two sludges is 2:1 (anaerobic digested sludge:alum sludge: volume basis), and this can bring approximately 99% phosphorus reduction in the reject water through the adsorption of phosphorus by alum in the sludge. The phosphorus loading in wastewater treatment plants is itself derived from the recycling of reject water during the wastewater treatment process. Consequently, this co-conditioning and dewatering strategy can achieve a significant reduction in phosphorus loading in wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the use of the alum sludge has been shown to beneficially enhance the dewaterability of the resultant mixed sludge, by decreasing both the specific resistance to filtration and the capillary suction time. This is attributed to the alum sludge acting in charge neutralization and/or as adsorbent for phosphate in the aqueous phase of the sludge. Experiments have also demonstrated that the optimal polymer (Superfloc C2260, Cytec, Botlek, Netherlands) dose for the anaerobic digested sludge was 120 mg/L, while the optimal dose for the mixed sludge (mix ratio 2:1) was 15 mg/L, highlighting a huge savings in polymer addition. Therefore, from the technical perspective, the co-conditioning and dewatering strategy can be viewed as a "win-win" situation. However, for its full-scale application, integrated cost-effective analysis of process capabilities, sludge transport, increased cake disposal, additional administration, polymer saving, and so on, should be factored in.     

光-Fenton氧化破解剩余污泥和改善污泥脱水性能

利用紫外光-Fenton（光-Fenton）氧化处理城市剩余污泥,通过上清液的SCOD、多聚糖以及蛋白质浓度表征污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）的破解情况,通过污泥过滤比阻（SRF）和滤饼含水率表征污泥脱水性能的变化。结果表明,光．Fenton氧化破解污泥EPS和改善污泥脱水性能的效能明显优于单独Fenton反应和单独紫外光照射处理。pH为3、反应时间为2h,H2O2投加量为4g／L和Fe^2＋投加量为0．6mg／L是光-Fenton氧化处理供试污泥的适宜条件。在适宜处理条件下,污泥上清液中的SCOD、多聚糖和蛋白质浓度分别由67．46mg／L、12．53mg／L和8．62mg／L增加到568．12mg／L、448．62mg／L和292．94mg／L;SRF和滤饼含水率分别由2．4×10^S2／g和88．52％下降至5．26×10^8S^2／g和76．36％。光-Fenton反应在有效破懈污泥的同时,提高了污泥的脱水性能．有利于污泥的减量化。     

生物淋滤-Fenton对印染污泥脱水性能的影响

采用嗜酸性硫杆菌生物淋滤联合Fenton氧化法对印染污泥脱水性能进行了研究。结果表明,生物淋滤过程中pH下降速率随着硫粉添加量增加而变快,经生物淋滤处理后污泥的脱水性能在一定程度上得到了改善。对生物淋滤后的污泥进行了Fenton氧化处理,获得的最佳反应条件为反应时间2 h,H2O2和Fe2+添加量分别为6 g/L和0.5 g/L。在该条件下,污泥上清液中总有机碳(TOC)由20.8 mg/L增加到356.6 mg/L;污泥比阻(SRF)和滤饼含水率分别由5.98×1011s2/g和88.75%减少至1.26×1011s2/g和82.85%。生物淋滤-Fenton氧化法在污泥破解程度和脱水性能改善方面均优于单独Fenton氧化法。     

MFC-MBR耦合系统运行效果

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种高效的污水处理工艺,而微生物燃料电池(MFC)能有效降解污泥中的胞外生物有机质(EBOM)并回收电能.将MFC与MBR联用,建立了一套能够有效抑制膜污染同时回收电能的新系统——MFC-MBR耦合系统,MBR的剩余污泥经MFC处理后回流.以传统MBR为对照,对耦合系统中污水处理效果、膜污染情况和污泥混合液的性质进行研究.研究表明,耦合系统的污水处理效果没有明显恶化,COD去除率为94％,NH4+-N的去除率为92％.耦合系统能够有效减缓膜污染的发生,清洗周期延长了28％.污泥混合液的MLVSS/MLSS稳定在80％ ～ 88％,系统内几乎没有无机颗粒积累.松散结合态胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)降低了48％,使污泥混合液性质得到改善.较低的污泥比阻(2.69×1012m/kg)和标准化毛细吸水时间(1.67 s·L/g MLSS),证明耦合系统污泥混合液脱水性能提高了.     

Steam-explosion pretreatment for enhancing anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater sludge.

This study evaluated the use of steam explosion as a pretreatment for municipal wastewater treatment sludges and biosolids as a technique for enhancing biogas generation during anaerobic digestion. Samples of dewatered anaerobic digester effluent (biosolids) and a mixture of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) and biosolids were steam-exploded under differing levels of intensity in this study. The results indicate that steam explosion can solublize components of these sludge streams. Increasing the intensity of the steam-explosion pressure and temperature resulted in increased solublization. The steam-explosion pretreatment also increased the bioavailability of sludge components under anaerobic digestion conditions. Increasing the steam-explosion intensity increased the ultimate yield of methane during anaerobic digestion. Batch anaerobic digestion tests suggested that pretreatment at 300 psi was the most optimal condition for enhanced biogas generation while minimizing energy input. Semicontinuous anaerobic digestion revealed that the results that were observed in the batch tests were sustainable in prolonged operation. Semicontinuous digestion of the TWAS/biosolids mixture that was pretreated at 300 psi generated approximately 50% more biogas than the controls. Semicontinuous digestion of the pretreated biosolids resulted in a 3-fold increase in biogas compared with the controls. Based on capillary suction test results, steam-explosion pretreatment at 300 psi improved the dewaterability of the final digested sludge by 32 and 45% for the TWAS/ biosolids mixture and biosolids, respectively, compared with controls. The energy requirements of the nonoptimized steam-explosion process were substantially higher than the additional energy produced from enhanced digestion of the pretreated sludge. Substantial improvements in energy efficiency will be required to make the process viable from an energy perspective.