油泥制备除油吸附剂

以油泥为原料,采用ZnCl2活化法制备吸附剂,吸附处理水中的油类物质。研究了制备油泥吸附剂过程中活化剂ZnCl2溶液浓度、固液体积比、活化温度、活化时间对吸附剂性能的影响,并对吸附剂比表面积和孔隙分布进行了分析。确定了技术经济性最佳的制备条件为ZnCl2溶液浓度5.0 mol·L-1,固液体积比1：1.5,活化时间2.0 h,活化温度450℃,吸附剂BET比表面积为316.088 2 m2·g-1,对水中油类污染物质去除率为94.61%。     

脱水污泥制备含炭吸附剂及其应用研究

采用热解炭化法、物理活化法、化学活化法制备污泥含炭吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验研究各种影响污泥含炭吸附剂吸附性能的因素.实验结果表明,采用化学活化法制得的污泥含炭吸附剂吸附性能最好,在以ZnCl2为活化剂、锯末添加剂投加量为脱水污泥质量的1%、ZnCl2为3 mol/L、活化温度为450 ℃、活化时间为1.5 h、固液质量比(干污泥与活化剂溶液的质量比)为1:4的最佳制备条件下,制得的污泥含炭吸附剂碘吸附值在520 mg/g以上,产物收率>60%,比表面积>230 m2/g,总孔容积为0.35 mL/g,其中微孔容积为0.08 mL/g,中孔容积为0.23 mL/g.利用其处理城市污水,其对COD、色度、TP的去除率好于选定的商品颗粒活性炭.     

污泥活性炭的制备及其对酸性红G的吸附行为

以城市污水处理厂的脱水污泥为原料,用ZnCl2活化法制备污泥活性炭,并研究其对水中酸性红G的吸附、脱附行为。选取活化剂浓度、固液比、活化温度及活化时间等因素,通过正交实验确定了最佳工艺,即ZnCl2浓度30%,固液比1:2,碳化温度500℃,碳化时间1.5 h。吸附实验结果表明,该污泥活性炭对水中酸性红G的吸附量随着温度升高而增加,在15、25和35℃条件下的最大吸附量分别为153.6、165.6和180.4 mg/g,且吸附等温线能较好用Langmuir方程进行模拟。酸性红G在污泥活性炭上的吸附动力学符合准二级反应动力学模型。污泥活性炭对酸性红G的吸附量随着溶液pH的增大而减小,污泥活性炭的最佳投加量为0.26 g/L。吸附饱和的污泥活性炭可通过碱处理和热处理方法进行脱附,脱附后的吸附剂对酸性红G仍具有很强吸附性能。     

废旧碱性电池-活性污泥炭的制备及对废水中Cd2+的吸附

以污水厂污泥为主要原料,掺杂不同量的废旧碱性电池电极材料,采用ZnCl2活化法制备出废旧碱性电池-活性污泥炭,表征分析污泥炭样品的碘吸附值、BET、FT-IR、SEM-EDX、XRD和Zeta电位,并进行污泥炭Cd2+吸附实验。结果表明,电池材料掺杂量为25%时,改性污泥炭吸附性能最优,碘吸附值和比表面积分别达到543.0 mg·g-1和426.5 m2·g-1,中孔孔径集中在3~4 nm左右,Zeta电位为-16.30 mV;对比纯污泥炭,废电池-污泥炭吸附金属离子性能更优,Cd2+吸附量增加了近60%,而ZnCl2活化剂用量减少了40%;回归分析发现,准二级动力学和Langmuir等温方程式适用于描述废电池-污泥炭对Cd2+的吸附行为。     

基于响应曲面法优化生物质污泥活性炭的制备方法

针对传统技术制备污泥活性炭的比表面积不高、吸附值低等不足,通过在污泥中添加核桃壳以改善污泥原料缺陷,研究了活化剂种类、核桃壳加量、活化温度、活化时间、活化剂浓度及浸渍比等影响活性炭吸附能力的制备条件。在优化后的条件下制备出了高吸附性能的生物质污泥复合活性炭。结果表明:选择氯化锌作为活化剂,核桃壳加量20%、活化温度500℃、活化时间60 min、活化剂浓度2.5 mol·L-1、浸渍比1∶2.5为最优化制备条件。制备出的生物质污泥复合活性炭碘吸附值为574.11 mg·g-1,产率为43.93%。     

Fenton活化制备污泥炭对水中Cr (Ⅵ)的吸附性能

利用Fenton活化法活化脱水污泥制备活性炭,研究了Fenton试剂投加量、活化时间、炭化温度、炭化时间和升温速率5种因素对制备污泥炭的影响。污泥炭的最佳制备工艺：Fenton试剂投加量为150 mL,活化时间为2.5 h,炭化温度为350℃,炭化时间为1 h,升温速率为20℃·min-1。污泥炭碘吸附值达到331.90 mg·g-1,BET比表面积为24.265 m2·g-1。总孔容为0.146 cm3·g-1,微孔率为17%。分析了吸附时间、pH值和吸附温度3种因素对污泥炭吸附水中Cr（Ⅵ）的影响。在吸附时间为90 min,pH=3,吸附温度为50℃时,污泥炭对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附量为9.93 mg·g-1。吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型描述,吸附过程符合Langmuir和Tempkin等温吸附模型描述。     

废电池-污泥吸附剂的优化制备及对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性

以污水处理厂污泥为原料、废电池电极材料和ZnCl2为活化剂,耦合活化制备废电池-污泥吸附剂。利用筛选实验设计中Plackett-Burman和响应曲面法中Box-Behnken实验联用得出优化条件,3次平行实验验证得到制备的最优吸附剂碘吸附值和得率平均分别为474mg/g、44.8%。Cr(Ⅵ)吸附表明,Langmuir吸附等温模型(R2=0.995 3)和准二级动力学模型(R2=0.999 8)更适合描述该最优吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为。     

改性玉米秸秆对水中砷的吸附

以玉米秸秆做原材料,筛选出异丙醇-氢氧化钠-草酸作改性剂,利用改性后的玉米秸秆吸附水体中的三价砷;探讨了其吸附过程的热力学和动力学行为;研究了p H及吸附剂量对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,改性玉米秸秆对水中砷具有很好的吸附能力,当进水浓度为1.25 mg/L、吸附剂投加量为0.25 g、温度为25℃、p H值为9时,60 min达到吸附饱和;在此条件下,改性玉米秸秆对三价砷的吸附去除率为94.28%;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附规律能够同时满足Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温吸附模型。     

油菜秸秆髓芯对水中铜离子吸附作用及其机理

使用单因素实验,分别考察不同溶液pH、油菜秸秆髓芯加入量、溶液初始Cu2+浓度和吸附时间4个因素对油菜秸秆髓芯吸附水中Cu2+影响作用.采用BBD实验设计分析和优化其吸附条件,并得到最佳吸附条件组合.使用吸附等温方程和动力学方程对其吸附Cu2+过程进行评价,运用红外光谱技术对吸附Cu2+前后油菜秸秆髓芯进行分析,初步推断油菜秸秆髓芯吸附水中Cu2+的机理.最佳吸附条件参数组合:在温度为25℃条件下、初始Cu2+浓度为31 mg/L、溶液pH为5.0和油菜秸秆髓芯加入量为1.17 g/L条件组合下吸附120 min,在此组合条件下油菜秸秆髓芯对水中Cu2+最大去除率达到96.86%.吸附等温方程表明,其吸附Cu2+行为更符合Langmuir方程;动力学方程显示,其吸附Cu2+行为符合二次动力学方程.红外光谱显示,油菜秸秆髓芯中的—C=O、酰胺II基团参与Cu2+的络合吸附.油菜秸秆髓芯对水中Cu2+呈现出良好的吸附性能,为油菜秸秆髓芯作为Cu2+ 吸附剂提供了应用基础与理论依据.     

氯化锌法改性小麦秸秆制备生物碳质吸附剂及其对磷酸根的吸附效果

为实现农作物秸秆资源化,解决水体富营养化问题,将小麦秸秆化学改性成一种可以有效吸附水体中磷酸根的生物碳质吸附剂,重点考察了氯化锌法改性小麦秸秆制备生物碳质吸附剂的最佳工艺条件以及产品对水体中磷酸根的去除效果。结果表明,当氯化锌溶液质量浓度为250 g/L、浸渍比为2.2∶1、活化温度为600℃、活化时间为45 min时,所得的小麦秸秆生物碳质吸附剂的得率为37.85%,对磷酸根的去除率为99.33%。     

Preparation of carbonaceous adsorbent from straw and its adsorption performance for H2S removal

ABSTRACT

Activated carbonaceous were prepared from high-carbon, abandoned straw biomass. With hydrogen sulfide gas as the target pollutant, single factor experiments were employed to assess the effects of activator type, activation temperature, activation time, and liquid-material ratio on the adsorption performance of the prepared carbonaceous adsorbent. The materials were characterized using elemental analysis, SEM, FTIR, and BET. The results showed -OH, -CH-, and -C = O groups exist on the surface of the prepared adsorbent, specific surface area can reach 1104.84 m²?g^?1, total pore volume can reach 0.261 cm³?g^?1 and, where the pore volume is greater than 80%, well-developed pore structures were present that facilitated adsorption. The experimental results showed the adsorption time could reach 198 min with optimal ZnCl₂ activator concentration (30%), carbonization temperature (550°C), and liquid-to-material ratio (3:1). Compared with the existing activated carbon adsorbents, the adsorption effects and preparation cost of this absorbent are advantageous, and the absorbent has prospects for broad market application.     

剩余污泥制备活性炭及其应用研究

以城市污水处理厂二沉池排出的剩余污泥为原料,采用不同活化方法制备活性炭,同时对比活化效果,研究了制备工艺条件对污泥活性炭吸附性能及产率的影响。结合比表面积、孔径分布和扫描电镜表征分析,对制备的污泥活性炭的性能进行评价,并探讨了污泥活性炭作为水处理吸附剂的去除效果。结果表明,以ZnCl2为活化剂制备的活性炭性能较好,其最佳制备条件为：活化温度550℃,活化时间45 min,ZnCl2浓度40％,固液比1∶2。制得的污泥活性炭的碘吸附值为496 mg/g,产率为51.8％,比表面积为301.4 m2/g,孔体积为0.37 mL/g,微孔体积为0.08 mL/g,平均孔径为5.78 nm。将该产品用于处理城市污水,投加量为0.8％,吸附平衡时间约为60 min时,对COD的去除率为81％,吸附容量为42.53 mg/g。     

The Reuse of Biosludge as an Adsorbent from a Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment Plant

Abstract

Biosludge was obtained from a petrochemical industry’s biological wastewater treatment plant. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) was used as a sludge activation agent during the pyrolytic process. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image photographs, element composition, surface functional group, and pore structure were analyzed for the sludge adsorbent characteristics. Results indicated the proper ZnCl₂-immersed concentration, pyrolytic temperature, and time could produce adsorbent from the bio-sludge. The optimal conditions for a larger surface area adsorbent were 3 M ZnCl₂-immersed sludge pyrolyzed at 600 °C for 30 min and washed with 3 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and distilled water. The predominant pore size of the sludge adsorbent was the mesopore.     

The reuse of biosludge as an adsorbent from a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant

Biosludge was obtained from a petrochemical industry's biological wastewater treatment plant. Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was used as a sludge activation agent during the pyrolytic process. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image photographs, element composition, surface functional group, and pore structure were analyzed for the sludge adsorbent characteristics. Results indicated the proper ZnCl2-immersed concentration, pyrolytic temperature, and time could produce adsorbent from the biosludge. The optimal conditions for a larger surface area adsorbent were 3 M ZnCl2-immersed sludge pyrolyzed at 600 degrees C for 30 min and washed with 3 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and distilled water. The predominant pore size of the sludge adsorbent was the mesopore.     

烟秸杆生物碳对铬(Ⅵ)废水的吸附动力学和热力学

以农业废弃物烟秸杆为原料,以KH2PO4为活化剂,制备了烟秸杆生物碳(简称TSC500),通过静态吸附实验研究了TSC500对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附性能。采用比表面积分析仪对TSC500进行了测试,实验考察了pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度和温度对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的影响,深入研究了TSC500对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为。结果表明,在pH=3、温度313 K条件下,0.2 g TSC500吸附100 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ),去除率和吸附容量分别达到91.32%和45.66 mg/g,Langmuir和Freundlich比Temkin等温模型更好地拟合吸附实验数据;准一级和准二级动力学模型均能较好地描述该吸附行为,相关系数高达0.99;计算得到热力学参数ΔGθ、ΔHθ和ΔSθ值表明该吸附过程为自发吸热过程。     

“氧化镁/活性炭”新型吸附剂的制备及其对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附研究

以氯化镁和造纸草浆黑液为原料,采用物理活化法制得＂氧化镁/活性炭＂新型吸附剂,其比表面积（BET）为388.96 m2/g、总孔容积为0.40 mL/g。测定了这种吸附剂对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、pH值、吸附剂投加量、初始浓度等因素对Cr（VI）的吸附量和脱除率的影响,研究所得吸附水溶液中Cr（Ⅵ）的最佳条件为：吸附时间为120min,吸附剂投加量为2 g/L,pH值为2。＂氧化镁/活性炭＂新型吸附剂对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温式。     

Activated carbon from industrial solid waste as an adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution: kinetic and equilibrium studies

The activated carbon was prepared using industrial solid waste called sago waste and physico-chemical properties of carbon were carried out to explore adsorption process. The effectiveness of carbon prepared from sago waste in adsorbing Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution has been studied as a function of agitation time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and desorption. Adsorption equilibrium studies were carried out in order to optimize the experimental conditions. The adsorption of Rhodamine-B onto carbon followed second order kinetic model. Adsorption data were modeled using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity Q0 was 16.12 mg g(-1) at initial pH 5.7 for the particle size 125-250 microm. The equilibrium time was found to be 150 min for 10, 20 mg l(-1) and 210 min for 30, 40 mg l(-1) dye concentrations, respectively. A maximum removal of 91% was obtained at natural pH 5.7 for an adsorbent dose of 100mg/50 ml of 10 mg l(-1) dye concentration and 100% removal was obtained when the pH was increased to 7 for an adsorbent dose of 275 mg/50 ml of 20 mg l(-1) dye concentration. Desorption studies were carried out in water medium by varying the pH from 2 to 10. Desorption studies were performed with dilute HCl and show that ion exchange is predominant dye adsorption mechanism. This adsorbent was found to be both effective and economically viable.     

煤质炭制备条件的优化及对酚类吸附性能与吸附动力学

KOH为活化剂,正交实验方法优化了煤质炭的制备条件。对2种酚类有机物苯酚、氯苯酚进行了静态吸附,观察了温度、时间、初始浓度及投加量对吸附性能的影响,优化了吸附条件。实验数据与Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin吸附等温线进行了拟合,并对准一级、准二级动力学模型和内扩散模型拟合。结果表明,优化得煤质炭制备条件为:碱碳质量比3:1,浸泡时间12 h,活化时间80 min,活化温度800℃。在温度为25℃,投加量为0.05 g时,苯酚的平衡时间为60 min,初始浓度为200 mg/L时的吸附量为58.89 mg/g;氯苯酚的吸附平衡时间为90 min,初始浓度为300 mg/L时的吸附量为84.32 mg/g。煤质炭对苯酚的吸附过程与Langmuir吸附等温线,氯苯酚的吸附过程与Temkin吸附等温线拟合得较好。二级动力学模型能够较好地描述这2个吸附过程,且颗粒内扩散不是唯一的速率控制步骤。