园林植物滞留不同粒径大气颗粒物的特征及规律

为研究常用园林植物滞留大气颗粒物的能力,本文以北京市常用园林植物为例,应用直接采样、电镜分析和统计分析的方法,对选定园林植物滞留不同粒径大气颗粒物的特征及规律进行了系统分析。结果表明：（1）园林植物滞留的颗粒物形状为不规则块体、球体和聚合体,通过对比分析得出,滞留大气颗粒物能力由高到低的微形态结构依次是蜡质结构〉绒毛〉沟槽〉条状突起,并且这些微形态结构越密集、深浅差别越大,越有利于滞留大气颗粒物。（2）以园林植物叶片滞留颗粒物的数量进行统计时,得出园林植物叶片表面大部分为PM10（Dp≤10μm）,均在98%以上,而PM2.5（Dp≤2.5μm）均在90%以上,粗颗粒物（Dp〉10μm）的数量对总体数量的贡献非常小,均在2%以下;以体积进行统计时,得出PM10的体积在总体积中的比例在50%以上,对颗粒物总体积贡献最大,滞留的PM2.5体积占总体积8.5%-17.6%,粗颗粒物（Dp〉10μm）体积占总体积20%以上。（3）对园林植物滞留颗粒物累积规律分析得出：在相同观测叶面积下,园林植物滞尘10 d的叶表面颗粒物数量较滞尘5 d的叶表面颗粒物数量均有所增加,增幅最大的是小叶黄杨（Buxus microphylla）,增幅最小的是月季（Rosa chinensis）,通过方差分析得出绦柳（Salix matsudana f.pendula）叶表面颗粒物数量显著低于除银杏（Ginkgo biloba）之外的其它7种树种,大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonicus）、小叶黄杨和国槐（ Sophora japonica）叶表面滞留颗粒物的数量较多,并且显著高于月季、银杏和绦柳叶表面滞留的颗粒物数量;滞尘10 d后园林植物叶表面滞留的颗粒物的总面积均未超过观测叶面积的25%,至于叶片持续滞留颗粒物多少天后达到饱和状态仍需进一步研究。     

北京市大气PM2.5中四种水溶性阴离子的水平变化比较

了解北京市城区和郊区大气细颗粒物中的四种水溶性阴离子F-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-的浓度水平,并分析影响其水平高低的因素。使用聚四氟乙烯滤膜分别采集北京市城区和郊区大气中的PM2.5,用纯水提取后采用离子色谱法测定水溶性阴离子质量浓度。采样期间北京市大气PM2.5、F-、Cl-、SO42-和NO3-质量浓度几何均数分别为55.36、0.02、0.46、6.72和1.09μg·m-3,四种水溶性阴离子质量浓度总和占PM2.5质量浓度的19.14%;同一季节(春季)郊区监测点大气PM2.5、SO42-和NO3-质量浓度显著高于城区监测点;城区大气PM2.5与四种水溶性阴离子质量浓度秋季高于春季,但差异无统计学意义;大气PM2.5与Cl-、SO42-和NO3-质量浓度均高度相关。Cl-、SO42-、NO3-是北京市大气PM2.5的重要组成成分。     

长春市大气中PM10污染特征分析

近年来,大气环境质量的不断恶化受到了人们广泛的关注。利用长春市的食品厂、客车厂、邮电学院、儿童公园、净月潭以及甩湾子等6个自动监测中心提供的2011年PM10、SO2与NO2小时质量浓度的连续监测数据,分析了长春市PM10质量浓度（MPM）的时空分布特征、不同污染物之间的相关性及其形成的原因。结果表明：从空间分布上看,6个采样点的MPM从高到低依次为食品厂〉儿童公园〉邮电学院〉客车厂〉净月潭〉甩湾子,其中除食品厂与儿童公园外均符合《环境空气质量标准》GB3095-1996的二级标准。从时间分布上看,绝大多数监测点位的冬季MPM是最高的,春季次之,主要是因为冬季采暖与春季沙尘天气,而夏季的MPM最低,主要是湿沉降作用所致。MPM逐日变化呈现出双峰双谷型分布,第一个峰值出现在早上7：00左右,其中最大值出现在5月份的早7：00左右,达到了0.223 mg·m-3,第1个峰值过后呈下降趋势,下午出现质量浓度低谷,其中最小值出现在11月份15：00左右,为0.036 mg·m-3,直到傍晚时缓慢回升,22：00左右达到第2个峰值。通过统计分析不同污染物之间的相关系数,得出PM10与NO2质量浓度的相关性显著,且较稳定,其原因可能是常年排放的机动车尾气尘影响较大,而PM10与SO2质量浓度的相关性不太稳定,这可能是冬季采暖排放的燃煤尘所致。     

北京市大气PM_（2.5）中四种水溶性阴离子的水平变化比较

了解北京市城区和郊区大气细颗粒物中的四种水溶性阴离子F-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-的浓度水平,并分析影响其水平高低的因素。使用聚四氟乙烯滤膜分别采集北京市城区和郊区大气中的PM2.5,用纯水提取后采用离子色谱法测定水溶性阴离子质量浓度。采样期间北京市大气PM2.5、F-、Cl-、SO42-和NO3-质量浓度几何均数分别为55.36、0.02、0.46、6.72和1.09μg·m-3,四种水溶性阴离子质量浓度总和占PM2.5质量浓度的19.14%;同一季节（春季）郊区监测点大气PM2.5、SO42-和NO3-质量浓度显著高于城区监测点;城区大气PM2.5与四种水溶性阴离子质量浓度秋季高于春季,但差异无统计学意义;大气PM2.5与Cl-、SO42-和NO3-质量浓度均高度相关。Cl-、SO42-、NO3-是北京市大气PM2.5的重要组成成分。     

矿冶区周边水稻对不同来源重金属污染的指示作用

有色金属开采与冶炼可对周边环境造成严重的重金属污染,查明重金属污染来源对于矿冶周边重金属污染管理与控制具有重要意义.为探索利用矿冶周边水稻对As、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu的富集与水稻体内元素的含量平衡特征指示重金属污染来源的可行性,选择了我国著名的水口山Pb-Zn矿山开采与冶炼周边区,根据重金属污染排放和迁移扩散特征,结合当地气象和地貌条件,确定了3个典型采样区,其中两个采样区分别邻近冶炼厂和尾砂库,另一处为位于两者之间的过渡区.采用蛇形采样法在稻田内采集33个成熟水稻及土壤样品,分析水稻不同部位(包括根、茎叶、籽粒)及土壤中As、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu5种重金属和其他16种元素的含量.结果表明,3个采样区之间土壤中的As、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量均存在显著性差异;各采样区水稻中除根际和籽粒中Cd含量外,各部位重金属含量也均有显著差异.靠近冶炼厂的水稻茎叶中As、Pb含量高于离冶炼厂较远的采样区水稻茎叶.尽管As、Pb在靠近尾砂库采样区土壤中含量最高,但在该区水稻茎叶中的含量却最低;在除As、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu5种重金属以外的其他16种元素中,水稻根部仅有5种元素含量在各采样区之间存在差异,指示相同的土地利用类型及土壤母质条件;而在茎叶和籽粒中则分别有多达11和10种元素含量出现采样区差异,指示重金属污染来源影响水稻茎叶及籽粒中元素的含量平衡.多元统计分析结果显示,3个采样区水稻茎叶中元素含量平衡存在显著的分异,显示出明显的采样区属性.结合采样区域空间位置、污染物来源、水稻对重金属的富集与转运特征分析,3个采样区重金属主要污染特征可分别确定为水-气混合来源型、大气来源型和尾砂来源型.论文结果证明利用水稻茎叶指示矿冶周边重金属污染来源是可行的.     

Human health risk assessment of lead pollution in atmospheric deposition in Baoshan District,Shanghai

The lead (Pb) content in atmospheric deposition was determined at 42 sampling sites in Baoshan District of Shanghai, China. Based on exposure and dose–response assessments, the health risk caused by Pb exposure in atmospheric deposition was investigated. The results indicated that Pb was significantly accumulated in atmospheric deposition. The spatial distribution of Pb was mapped by geostatistical analysis, and the results showed that pollution hotspots were present at traffic and industrial zones. Ingestion was the main route of Pb exposure in both adults and children. For children the risk value was above 1, whereas it was below 1 for the adult group. Therefore, children belong to the high-risk group for Pb exposure from atmospheric deposition in the observed area of Shanghai, China.     

北京PM2.5化学物种的质量平衡特征

以北京2个采样点连续采集的样品对PM2.5中的元素、水溶性离子和含碳组分进行分析．车公庄和清华园PM2.5中有机物的含量分别为27．8％和30．9％,是含量最丰富的物种,其次是二次无机粒子、土壤尘、元素碳和微量元素．PM2.5中约有24％的质量未能鉴别成分,相关性分析表明,含碳物种的估算所引起的偏差可能是主要的原因．采暖期重污染周和春季沙尘周PM2.5的化学物种构成悬殊,反映了季节性变化的源排放和特殊气象条件的综合作用．     

太原市环境空气中TSP和PM_(10)来源解析

2001年到2002年,在太原市5个采样点分别采集了环境空气中的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)。用化学质量平衡模型和二重源解析技术解析了TSP和PM10的来源,结果表明,各主要源类对TSP的分担率依次为燃煤尘28%、扬尘24%、建筑水泥尘14%、硫酸盐10%、机动车尾气尘10%、土壤风沙尘5%、钢铁尘4%、硝酸盐4%、其它1%;对PM10的分担率依次为扬尘30%、燃煤尘18%、机动车尾气尘15%、硫酸盐11%、土壤风沙尘9%、建筑水泥尘7%、硝酸盐4%、其它1%。     

黄、渤海滨海带大气颗粒物时空分布与来源特征

PM10作为大气污染物监测的主要指标之一,探究大气PM10浓度对大气环境质量和人体健康评价具有重要意义。黄、渤海滨海带包括京、津和辽、冀、鲁、苏等工、农业大省,区域大气PM10污染的时空分布和来源特征具有复杂性和典型性。在锦州、北京、天津、烟台、青岛、连云港和盐城7个城市布设10个采样点,含7个城市点和3个农村点,开展为期一年的大气颗粒物的采样;同时,于冬季1月和夏季7月在锦州、天津和烟台进行合计60 d的加密采样,藉以确定研究区域大气PM10的时空分布和来源特征。结果表明,黄、渤海滨海带大气年均PM10总浓度为(129’18)"g·m~(-3),单月最低值出现在2015年7月盐城农村样点15"g·m~(-3),最高值为2015年3月北京城市点307"g·m~(-3)。盐城大气PM10浓度(城市点(85’27)"g·m~(-3)和农村点(66’35)"g·m~(-3))显著低于其他样点大气PM10浓度。渤海滨海带中西部的京(140’68"g·m~(-3))、津(169’60"g·m~(-3))两市大气PM10年均浓度显著高于东部的锦州(125’41"g·m~(-3))和烟台(109’31"g·m~(-3));而且黄海滨海带大气PM10年均浓度(114"g·m~(-3))显著低于渤海滨海带年均浓度(136"g·m~(-3)),总体上表现出西高东低、北高南低的特征。黄、渤海滨海带城市点和农村点年均浓度分别为(129’18)"g·m~(-3)和(112’30)"g·m~(-3);农村点春冬季大气PM10浓度和城市点浓度相当,无显著差异,夏秋季大气PM10浓度略低于城市浓度,表明农村地区大气颗粒物污染情况也较为严重,需受到关注。区域内PM10浓度季节变化整体表现为春冬高、夏秋低。利用多元回归分析初步判断黄、渤海滨海带PM10属于复合来源,大气PM10浓度约30%的变化与降水、人均能耗和沙尘天气相关。黄、渤海滨海带大气PM10浓度的昼夜变化不大,大气PM10浓度与气温呈现正相关,与风速和降水呈现负相关,表现为受各种气象因素综合作用的影响。     

大气中细颗粒物对肺癌细胞A549迁移和侵袭作用的影响

采集大连城区大气中可吸入性细颗粒物(PM_(2.5)),研究其对肺癌A549细胞迁移、黏附和侵袭力的影响,利用明胶酶谱法检测细胞分泌的基质金属蛋白酶活性,利用Western blot法测定A549细胞中转移相关蛋白的表达。结果表明,在无明显细胞毒性浓度下,PM_(2.5)可增加A549细胞的迁移速率;细胞与细胞外基质的黏附率增加;细胞侵袭实验结果表明PM_(2.5)可增加A549细胞穿透基底膜的能力;用明胶酶谱法检测发现PM_(2.5)可使A549细胞分泌的基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)活性增强。转移相关蛋白——细胞钙粘蛋白-N(N-cadherin)的表达量升高,而钙粘蛋白-E(E-cadherin)的表达量下降,实验结果表明,PM_(2.5)可增强A549细胞的侵袭性,大气中的可吸入性颗粒可能导致肺癌转移发生率增加。     

Applications of artificial neural networks for patterning and predicting aquatic insect species richness in running waters

Two artificial neural networks (ANNs), unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms, were applied to suggest practical approaches for the analysis of ecological data. Four major aquatic insect orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, and Coleoptera, i.e. EPTC), and four environmental variables (elevation, stream order, distance from the source, and water temperature) were used to implement the models. The data were collected and measured at 155 sampling sites on streams of the Adour–Garonne drainage basin (South-western France). The modelling procedure was carried out following two steps. First, a self-organizing map (SOM), an unsupervised ANN, was applied to classify sampling sites using EPTC richness. Second, a backpropagation algorithm (BP), a supervised ANN, was applied to predict EPTC richness using a set of four environmental variables. The trained SOM classified sampling sites according to a gradient of EPTC richness, and the groups obtained corresponded to geographic regions of the drainage basin and characteristics of their environmental variables. The SOM showed its convenience to analyze relationships among sampling sites, biological attributes, and environmental variables. After accounting for the relationships in data sets, the BP used to predict the EPTC richness with a set of four environmental variables showed a high accuracy (r=0.91 and r=0.61 for training and test data sets respectively). The prediction of EPTC richness is thus a valuable tool to assess disturbances in given areas: by knowing what the EPTC richness should be, we can determine the degree to which disturbances have altered it. The results suggested that methodologies successively using two different neural networks are helpful to understand ecological data through ordination first, and then to predict target variables.     

Particulate matter and metals partitioning in highway rainfall-runoff

This study investigated the particulate matter (PM) and metals in highway dry deposition and rainfall-runoff as a function of hydrologic transport and settling on an event basis. Events were differentiated as mass-limited (ML) and flow-limited (FL). Results indicate that unique and separate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) relationships with turbidity occurred for ML and FL events. Sixty minutes of quiescent settling produced a single SSC-turbidity relationship for all events. ML events transport higher proportions of settleable and sediment PM while FL events transported relatively higher suspended PM. For batch clarification with one hour of settling, ML events had generally higher treatment efficiencies compared to FL events for the same settling conditions. Highway dry deposition PM was hetero-disperse and coarse (d _{50 m} = 304 μm). Results indicate that the acidic rainfall is not a significant contributor to metals in runoff but is capable of leaching metals from dry deposition PM into runoff. Partitioning in retained runoff resulted in a particulate-bound predominance for most metals except Ca and Mg. While the finer fraction of dry deposition PM (< 75 μm) generates the highest metal concentrations, the highest metal mass is associated with the coarser fraction (> 75 μm).     

降雨过程后北京城区PM2.5日时空变化研究

随着人类环境意识的增强,人们对城市雾霾天气的忧虑与日俱增,PM2.5的时空变化和对人体健康的影响已成为关注的焦点。以往的研究多集中在不同季节或年际的变化,本文通过统计环保局发布的位于北京城区13个逐时浓度监测点降雨前后PM2.5质量浓度,并在城区布设14个采样点昼夜连续监测一次降雨后72 h内PM2.5质量浓度变化情况,研究北京市城区降雨后PM2.5日变化规律及空间分布特征,由此分析降雨对PM2.5日变化规律的影响。同时对比PM2.5与同步气象数据（温度、相对湿度）和交通数据（车辆量、车速）最值频率分布情况,进而对PM2.5日变化特征进行成因分析。随后利用GIS空间分析方法,分析了PM2.5的日空间分布特征。结果表明,降雨对颗粒物的去除作用明显,一次降雨可使PM2.5质量浓度平均下降56.3%。雨后72 h内PM2.5质量浓度均小于60μg·m-3,降雨后1 h内PM2.5质量浓度处于稳定状态,在随后的12 h内PM2.5浓度值都处于下降状态。降雨过程只降低PM2.5的质量浓度值,并不影响其日变化规律。PM2.5的日变化规律以19时为界,表现出明显的昼夜差异。白天的变化规律呈现凹型,夜间的变化规律呈现拱型。PM2.5质量浓度峰值多出现在23时或0时,谷值多出现在下午15时,该特征受气象因素影响较大,受交通源的影响作用不明显。早高峰期间,PM2.5质量浓度变化主要受交通源的影响;晚高峰期间,交通源和气象因素共同影响PM2.5质量浓度。研究区PM2.5日空间分布特征同样存在明显的昼夜差异。白天PM2.5空间分布特征为南部高北部低;PM2.5在夜间的空间分布特征则多表现为四周高、中心低,三环外围区域多为高值区。     

西苕溪中上游流域水生甲虫分布与环境的关系

水生甲虫(昆虫纲,鞘翅目)群落结构受多种环境因素的制约.西苕溪中上游流域38个样点共发现水生甲虫12科36个分类单元.优势属是长角泥甲科的Stenelmis属和扁泥甲科的Psephenoides属,出现频度分别为30和22,但有29属的出现频率不大于5.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,鞘翅目群落组成受荫蔽度、总氮、电导率和栖境质量影响最大.样点环境指标聚类结果与CCA结果一致,样点被分为3组.从第1组至第3组,水体中的总氮(2.80→3.52 mg/L)和化学需氧量(14.5→20.29 mg/L)明显上升,荫蔽度(18→6)明显降低.第1组(18个分类单元)和第3组(16个分类单元)的水生甲虫种类组成差异极显著(P＜0.01),第2组水生甲虫多样性最高(26个分类单元).Macronychus,Zaitzevia,Scirtes,Stenocolus,Berosus,Laccobius和Ectopria属可作为清洁水体指示生物,Hydrocassis和Ancyronyx属是重污染水体指示生物.图3表4参16     

滨海城市不同粒径大气颗粒物中水溶性离子的分布特征

选取东南滨海城市厦门的城区（厦门大学,仙岳小区）、郊区（集美大学城）、工业区（鹭联宾馆）和背景区（汀溪水库）5个站点为研究对象,于2008年10月至2009年9月对厦门市大气PM2.5、PM2.5-10和PM10-100分4个季节进行了采集工作,用离子色谱对其中的水溶性离子进行测定。研究结果表明,厦门市不同粒径颗粒物中水溶性离子具有明显的时空分布特征,且主要以富集在细颗粒物（PM2.5）上为主。SO42-、NO3-和NH4＋是PM2.5中主要的水溶性离子,占PM2.5中水溶性离子总质量浓度的64.59%～93.17%。PM2.5-10和PM10-100的水溶性离子则以Na＋、C1-和Ca2＋这些粒径较大的颗粒为主。滨海城市厦门PM2.5、PM10和TSP的SO2转化率（SOR）和NO2的转化率（NOR）年平均值分别为：0.35、0.39、0.41和0.04、0.08、0.09,较高的SOR和相对较低的NOR比值均说明厦门存在来自于SO2和NO2转化的二次污染物SO42-和NO3-。     

PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> particulates and metallic elements (Ni,Cu, Zn,Cd and Pb) study in a mixed area of summer season in Shalu,Taiwan

PM_2.5 has become an important environmental issue in Taiwan during the past few years. Moreover, electricity increased significantly during the summertime and TTPP generated by coal burning base is the main electricity provider in central Taiwan. Therefore, summer season has become the main research target in this study. The ambient air concentrations of particulate matter PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ collected by using VAPS at a mixed characteristic sampling site were studied in central Taiwan. The results indicated that the average daytime PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ particulate concentrations were occurred in May and they were 44.75 and 57.77 µg/m³ in this study. The results also indicated that the average nighttime PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ particulate concentrations were occurred in June and they were 38.19 and 45.79 µg/m³ in this study. The average PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratios were 0.7 for daytime, nighttime and 24-h sampling periods in the summer for this study. This value was ranked as the lowest ratios when compared to the other seasons in previous study. Noteworthy, the results further indicated that the metallic element Pb has the mean highest concentrations for 24-h, daytime and nighttime sampling periods when compared to those of the other metallic elements (Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd). The average mean highest metallic Pb concentrations in PM10 were 110.7, 203.0 and 207.2 ng/m³ for 24-h, daytime and nighttime sampling periods in this study. And there were 59.53, 105.2 and 106.6 ng/m³ for Pb in PM2.5 for 24-h, daytime and nighttime sampling periods, respectively. Moreover, the results further indicated that mean metallic element Pb concentrations on PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were all higher than those of the other elements for 24 h, day and nighttime.     

太湖有色可溶性有机物4种光谱模型的对比

利用指数函数、幂函数等4种模型对太湖2006-2007年50个站点250个样本的有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)光谱吸收系数进行拟合,发现其他3种模型都比传统的取自然对数进行线性回归的模型拟合效果好.统计检验显示,幂函数模型的光谱拟合效果最好,平均决定系数为0.999 0,大于其他3种模型,而平均相对误差、均方根误差则小于其他3种模型.利用幂函数模型计算得到,在280～500 nm光谱范围内,CDOM吸收光谱斜率均值为(6.66±0.40) nm-1,变异系数6.08%,其频率基本上遵循正态分布.对于太湖CDOM吸收光谱斜率值,在空间分布上,梅梁湾显著小于大太湖开阔水域(P< 0.001);时间分布上,最大值出现在春季,最小值在秋季,夏季值小于冬季值.CDOM吸收光谱斜率与吸收系数呈显著负相关,相关性随波长增加而增强.     

Rocky substrate communities of the infralittoral fringe of the Boulonnais coast,NW France: a quantitative survey

Infralittoral fringe communities were investigated at 26 stations, in all four seasons (summer 1982, spring, autumn, winter 1983), in different habitats. The investigated habitats can be divided into undersurfaces of boulders, cavelike habitats, crevices between rocks, horizontal and vertical surfaces on rocks. The stations were distributed over four locations, all in the district Pas de Calais, arranged in a sequence of increasing exposure to wave action: Boulogne, Audresselles, Ambleteuse and Cap Gris Nez. Data on quantitative distribution of the biota were collected using quadrat sampling techniques; the data were processed by using cluster analysis. Several communities could be distinguished as separate units, viz. those of undersurfaces of boulders, caves, medium-exposed/exposed vertical/horizontal surfaces. A comparison with previous, preliminary quantitative investigations carried out in 1980 revealed that communities from shaded habitats are apparently stable enough to yield completely reproduceable results. When all habitats are compared, 78% of the samples of 1980 were clustered together with corresponding samples of 1982/1983.     

Source apportionment studies for particulates (PM10) in Kozhikode,South Western India using a combined receptor model

In the present work, source apportionment studies were carried out for particulate matter – one among the significant pollutants as addressed by The National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Advantages and disadvantages of each receptor model were addressed using a combined receptor model which integrates Factor Analysis (FA), Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB). Verification of the approach was done using sets of synthetic data as well as field data from Kozhikode. Sampling was carried out in National Institute of Technology, Calicut for a period of over 26 days with 24-hour sampling. The sampling gave an average PM concentration value in the range of 29.174–129.176 µg m^?3. Studies using field data revealed five dominant sources and their contributions obtained from CMB and PMF were compared. Soil dust (contribution from CMB: 18%; contribution from PMF: 16%), marine aerosol (17%; 25%), construction and aggregate processing (46%; 11%), garden waste combustion (18%; 45%), and vehicular exhaust (1%; 3%) were major contributors in the site under study. The outcomes of the study integrated with the support of local authorities and by the acceptance of residents can definitely curb the pollution levels in the site under the study.     

The role of echinoderms as bioindicators of seawater pollution: A case study from patraicos and corinthiacos Gulf,N. Peloponnesus,Greece

To determine the role of echinoderms as bioindicators of seawater pollution we collected sea‐water and urchin samples from two sites in N. Peloponnesus, Greece. One site was in Patraicos gulf (Patras) and was influenced by point source pollution (urban sewage outfalls) while the second was in Korinthiacos gulf (Akoli) with no evident habitat pollution.

Three heavy metals (copper, nickel and zinc) have been measured in the gonads of two edible species of echinoderms, Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus.

Statistical treatment of the results showed statistically significant differences in bioaccu‐mulation related to the dry‐weight of gonads, to species, to sex of echinoderms, to season of sampling and to sampling station.

The concentrations of zinc were higher than those of Ni and Cu at in both sampling sites.

Microbiological analysis showed that contamination of the urchins was correlated to that of the surrounding seawater.

Finally both sampling sites seems to be influenced, directly or indirectly, by heavy metal and bacterial habitat pollution.