南岳衡山风景名胜区景观资源的调查与评价

景观资源是旅游资源的重要组成因素,本文以自然综合体的南岳衡山为考察对象,对其景观资源进行较详尽的调查,并进行定性和定量的评价,为确定南岳衡山风景名胜区性质、规划提供基础资料.     

风景名胜区开发建设项目环境影响评价程序和指标体系——以本溪水洞国家级重点风景名胜区为例

文章以本溪水洞国家级重点风景名胜区为例 ,对山岳型风景资源开发建设项目环境影响评价程序和指标体系进行了研究。评价程序分三个层次进行。规划指标和人为自然灾害指标为第一个层次 ;景观指标和生态指标为第二个层次 ;环境质量和环境感应指标为第三个层次。每个层次和指标体系都赋予了内涵。     

风景名胜区开发建设项目环境影响评价程序和指标体系：以？…

文章以本溪水洞国家级重点风景名胜区为例,对山岳型风景资源开发建设项目环境影响评价程序和指标体系进行了研究。评价程序分三个层次进行。规划指标和人为自然灾害指标为第一个层次;景观指标和生态指标为第二个层次;环境质量和环境感应指标为第三个层次。每个层次和指标体系都赋予了内涵。     

庐山风景名胜区旅游环境容量分析

运用有关旅游环境容量的理论与方法,通过资源空间容量、生态环境容量、经济发展容量和当地居民心理容量4个子系统进行分析,得出庐山风景名胜区旅游环境容量综合值为12804人次/d,其中生态环境容量中的水环境容量是最主要的限制因子。最后指出庐山风景名胜区以牯岭镇为单一中心的空间格局和旅游路线是造成庐山旅游压力的根本原因,并提出相应的解决措施。     

风景旅游资源开发与乡镇生态建设的协调对策研究——以无锡市马山镇为例

本文以马山镇为研究对象,探索拥有风景旅游资源的乡镇在待开发与开发中的经济发展与生态环境协调发展的可能性与对策。作者从现状调查着手,研究并分析了马山镇资源优势以及合理利用的可能性,在此基础上提出了相应的环境目标规划原则、生态经济规划指标以及经济发展中工业建设与生态环境建设的协调对策。     

天津盘山风景名胜区植被覆盖状况

以天津国家级盘山风景名胜区为研究区,利用2004-2007年覆盖天津国家级盘山风景区的中巴资源卫星数据,用主成分变换方法,对原始CCD影像进行提取,与归一化植被指数(NDVI)相结合,进行土地利用/土地覆盖(LULC)的提取。通过研究发现,2007年6月项目区植被面积为85 km2,9月为97 km2,与2004、2005年同期植被面积相比均有较大变化。     

山水风景地区控规指标体系构建及指标赋值方法的探析——以千岛湖为例

为解决现行的传统城市地区控制性详细规划（简称控规,后同）对山水风景地区控制不力的现象,以千岛湖地区为例,对山水风景地区控规进行了探讨,对控规指标体系的内容和赋值方法进行了有针对性的扩展和改进。借助GIS等技术手段,对地方性特色元素进行分析,并以此为基础,建立了以”分区控制和分类引导”为核心的控制指标体系。将单一地块进一步划分为亚区域进行分别控制,同时通过图示的方式对不同的建设类型进行引导。根据山水风景地区的建设特征,进一步引入、明确了地表改变率、建筑绝对高度、建筑投影面积等指标的赋值方法,增加了城市设计导引等内容,丰富、强化了山水风景地区控规的内容和可操作性。     

苏州市吴中区生态保护红线区生态环境质量定量评价

为了探讨苏州市吴中区陆域生态保护红线区生态环境质量的时空变化特征,选择2000—2015年植被生长最佳时期7—8月的能反映生态环境质量的净初级生产力、地表温度、地表裸露度和植被覆盖度4个指标,利用空间主成分分析方法构建生态因子(Ef,由生态环境质量指数归一化得到),并将生态环境质量划分为5级,对Ef进行slope分析和F显著性检验,探讨7—8月月平均生态因子(珔Ef)和生态因子变化率(ΔEf)的坡向分异情况。结果表明,近16 a来,ΔEf在[-0.08,0.06]之间,研究区总面积43%的区域ΔEf0,57%的区域ΔEf0,生态环境质量总体上呈缓慢变好趋势;研究区生态环境质量总体属Ⅱ级(珔Ef为0.700±0.001),属Ⅰ级的有东吴国家森林公园、光福风景名胜区和米堆山生态公益林,属Ⅱ级的有西山风景名胜区、东山风景名胜区、石湖风景名胜区、藏书风景名胜区、渔洋山生态公益林、清明山生态公益林和玉屏山生态公益林,属Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级的分别为木渎风景名胜区和甪直风景名胜区。研究结果既可为苏州市吴中区生态保护提供重要的数据支撑和科学依据,又可为将来促进生态红线的智能化动态监测和有效管控提供新思路和新方法。     

重庆长江广阳岛生态修复设计与实践探索

广阳岛的生态修复设计以"长江风景眼,重庆生态岛"为价值追求,聚焦"生态"和"风景".生态修复设计围绕"摸清本底、自然恢复、生态修复、增加生物多样性"四个核心方面展开,通过运用土壤改良技术、海绵理水技术和生态疏田技术等生态修复技术提升生态修复科技内涵,使生态修复后的广阳岛以生态为魂、以风景为象.一期按照四种模式完成生态修...     

典型城区山岳型风景区大气环境承载力分析

旅游环境承载力是表征旅游业发展与环境保护关系问题的主要标志,但是以往研究多从综合的角度来开展旅游环境承载力研究,单独针对特定类型旅游区的旅游承载力研究不多.以典型城区山岳型风景区-长沙市岳麓山风景名胜区为例,主要针对大气环境来开展旅游区的环境承载力研究.在确定影响岳麓山风景名胜区大气环境承载力发展变量和限制变量的基础上.运用对比研究方法、大气质量指数ORAQI指数模型以及环境承载力指数模型等研究方法,重点探讨了岳麓山大气环境承载力指数及其影响因素.研究结果表明,岳麓山风景名胜区大气环境的发展变量SO2、NOx和TSP,限制变量为相应的一级质量浓度限值;1999-2001的区域大气环境质量ORAQI指数平均为83,属于"坏"的等级,这表明岳麓山的大气环境质量整体上有待进一步改善;3年来区域大气环境承载力指数平均为19.5,处于"较高"承载等级,这表明岳麓山风景名胜区目前仍有比较高的大气环境承载能力.结论为岳麓山风景名胜区旅游业的进一步发展提供了理论依据,研究中提出的大气环境承载力计算思路和方法也为同类风景区环境承载力研究提供了思路.     

Landscape-scale resources promote colony growth but not reproductive performance of bumble bees

Variation in the availability of food resources over space and time is a likely driver of how landscape structure and composition affect animal populations. Few studies, however, have directly assessed the spatiotemporal variation in resource availability that arises from landscape pattern, or its effect on populations and population dynamic parameters. We tested the effect of floral resource availability at the landscape scale on the numbers of worker, male, and queen offspring produced by bumble bee, Bombus vosnesen?kii, colonies experimentally placed within complex agricultural-natural landscapes. We quantified flower densities in all land use types at different times of the season and then used these data to calculate spatially explicit estimates of floral resources surrounding each colony. Floral availability strongly correlated with landscape structure, and different regions of the landscape showed distinct seasonal patterns of floral availability. The floral resources available in the landscape surrounding a colony positively affected the number of workers and males it produced. Production was more sensitive to early- than to later-season resources. Floral resources did not significantly affect queen production despite a strong correlation between worker number and queen number among colonies. No landscape produced high floral resources during both the early and late season, and seasonal consistency is likely required for greater queen production. Floral resources are important determinants of colony growth and likely affect the pollination services provided by bumble bees at a landscape scale. Spatiotemporal variation in floral resources across the landscape precludes a simple relationship between resources and reproductive success as measured by queens, but nonetheless likely influences the total abundance of bumble bees in our study region.     

西南岩溶山区景观生态特征与景观生态建设

探讨了西南岩溶山区景观生态结构与功能以及景观生态过程的不同于其他区域的基本特征，尝试从景观角度认识西南岩溶区生态空间特性与演化过程。受地质地貌和土地利用的影响。西南岩溶山区景观基质脆弱、景观格局分异明显，具破碎化与景观结构粗粒化、景观动态变化范围大且速度快、整体退化明显的特点，以石漠化为特征的景观演化削弱了岩溶生态系统的生态服务功能。岩溶山区的景观生态建设须充分认识岩溶山区资源环境优势，充分利用当地的适生植物资源，协调生态效应和水文效应，促进水土资源的有效保持向高效利用发展，形成新的高效、和谐的人工自然景观。今后应把景观格局与生态过程结合起来、与人文因子和地学背景结合起来，加强小尺度的景观变化研究。     

湖南观光休闲农业旅游资源及其开发研究

湖南作为内陆农业大省和旅游资源大省，具有独特的“潇湘”自然生态环境本底，丰富多彩的乡村景观资源，较为优越的区位交通条件，发展观光休闲农业具有得天独厚的优势和潜力、但在开发观光休闲农业旅游资源时，应坚持市场导向，准确定位；突出乡土特色，提升文化品位；加强对乡村景观资源及其环境的保护，走可持续发展之路。     

秋色叶树种在园林造景中的应用

秋色叶树种是园林造景中重要的观赏树种之一，我国秋色叶树木资源十分丰富，开发利用秋色叶树木资源对我国园林建设具有重要意义．作者分析了秋色叶树种内涵，主要树种的性状、特征、观赏价值及在我国自然秋色景观中的应用等，初步探讨了它们在城市园林造景中应用方式、应用前景，提出了秋色叶树种选择应用的原则及应注意的问题．     

湖南野生鹿角杜鹃资源的园林应用价值开发初探

在简述鹿角杜鹃的生长、生态习性及自然分布的基础上,针对目前湖南野生鹿角杜鹃资源的种质资源开发、引种驯化、栽培繁殖现状,重点阐述野生鹿角杜鹃资源在园林应用上的开发利用措施,旨在保护野生资源、合理开发利用,以期增加园林植物多样性．参12．     

Meso-scale landscape analysis based on landscape balance investigations: problems and hierarchical approaches for their resolution

Varied utilization demands of society to the landscape are leading to an overlay of interests and thus to land use conflicts. Thereby, essential landscape functions like the regulation function (i.e. run-off regulation, groundwater recharge, groundwater protection, buffer functions of the soil, etc.) may be affected, and result in stresses to our natural resources like soil and water. The land use conflicts become especially obvious in a regional context. The diminution of such land use conflicts in terms of a regional management of environment and natural resources requires the knowledge of the response of the landscape balance to land use changes. The results of integrated landscape analysis enable the calculation of scenarios that allow the derivation of site-suitable land use variants with positive effects (decrease) to material out-wash from landscape parts and material inputs into surface water and groundwater. Numerous and complex methodological problems arise with such analysis, as well as with the investigation and assessment of the landscape water balance and water-bound material fluxes on the mesoscale.As a contribution for the resolution of these problems, the authors present a hierarchical nested approach that interlinks scale-specific methods. Due to the complexity and difficult implementation from purely system-oriented approaches in both applied landscape research and planning, the connection to more pragmatic approaches is herewith striked. Thus, information about the impact of land use changes on the landscape balance, as well as the assessment of landscape functions for both watersheds and administrative units should be enabled. Beside the check of the scale-specific applicability of models (i.e. E2D/3D, ABIMO, ASGi, SWAT, modifications of the USLE), the transferability of parameter- and indicator systems for the assessment of the landscape balance on the concerned scale levels is also investigated. An important objective is thereby the optimization of the validity of landscape information for the spatio-temporal levels of the mesoscale.     

Rural industrial structure and landscape diversity: Correlation research

Landscape diversity reflects the integrated natural characteristics of rural areas, to some extent, while industrial structure shows the regional social economic characteristics. Therefore, correlation research on rural industrial structure and landscape diversity may couple the natural environment and social economy, which is of great importance to rural sustainable development. In this paper, we carried through this research from two aspects. First, we made a qualitative analysis of the hierarchical correlation beween rural industrial structure and landscape diversity, and the correlation during different historical periods was also summarized. Second, taking Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province, China as a case study, we applied the method of hierarchical clustering to make a quantitative analysis of the clustering correlation between rural industrial structure and landscape diversity. The results show that there are correlations between rural industrial structure and landscape diversity. That is, different industrial structures may result in similar landscape diversity in developed rural areas; while in developing rural areas industrial structure cannot exclusively determine landscape diversity, which is also influenced by natural factors, such as landform, physiognomy and climate.     

北京城市发展新区土地利用景观格局分析

以北京南部城市发展新区典型代表———房山、大兴、通州3处作为研究区,运用马尔科夫转移矩阵和景观格局指数的方法,进行土地利用变化和景观格局分析。通过对2001—2006年、2006—2011年两个时段的对比分析,发现2001—2006年研究区存在草地、林地、耕地等非建设用地类型面积下降,建设用地面积上升的趋势,且2006—2011年该趋势更加明显。结果表明研究区自然景观向人文景观变革迅速,并面临着后备土地资源不足等问题,亟需调整土地利用方式并优化景观系统空间格局。     

Nonlinear responses to food availability shape effects of habitat fragmentation on consumers

Fragmentation of landscapes is a pervasive source of environmental change. Although understanding the effects of fragmentation has occupied ecologists for decades, there remain important gaps in our understanding of the way that fragmentation influences mobile organisms. In particular, there is little tested theory explaining the way that fragmentation shapes interactions between consumers and resources. We propose a simple model that explains why fragmentation may harm consumers even when the total amount of resources on the landscape they use remains unchanged. In particular, we show that nonlinearity in the relationship between resource availability and benefits acquired by consumers from resources can cause a decrease in benefits to consumers when landscapes are subdivided into isolated parts and when the distribution of consumers in fragments is not matched to the distribution of resources. We tested predictions of the model using a laboratory system of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) larvae on artificial landscapes. Consistent with the model's predictions, survivorship of larvae decreased when landscapes with heterogeneous resources were fragmented into isolated parts. However, average mass of surviving larvae did not change in response to fragmentation. With basic knowledge of consumer resource use patterns and landscape structure, our model, supported by our experiment, contributes new understanding of the resource-mediated effects of fragmentation on consumers.