矿井岩爆及其失稳理论

对若干岩爆发生实例进行了分析；回顾了历史上相继提出的几种主要的岩爆发生理论，对各种理论提出的岩爆发生的判别准则进行了讨论； 对近几年发展起来的关于岩爆的失稳理论进行了深入的阐述，指出失稳理论包含了其他各种岩爆发生理论的合理部分，因而更符合岩爆发生的实际；介绍了失稳理论在若干典型岩爆问题中的应用     

液氯汽车罐车罐体安全附件泄漏事故树分析

液氯汽车罐车在运输过程中可能会发生氯气泄漏,由于罐体安全附件密封点较多,因而绝大多数泄漏发生在安全附件上。运用事故树(FTA)分析方法分析了液氯汽车罐车罐体安全附件泄漏事故的原因,最后提出了防止此类事故发生的措施。     

LPG罐区危险性的研究及分析

目前,绝大多数危险性评价所研究的对象是单一的危险源或危险过程.但是,在日常工业生产中,常常会出现由于初次事故能量的释放而导致的二次甚至多次事故的发生.随着工业生产的大型化,储存量的递增使得多米诺事故发生的可能性也在增加.LPG储罐区正是发生此类事故的危险区域.通过相关模型的运用评价了在LPG储罐区发生火灾爆炸后,相邻危险源发生多米诺事故的可能性,并对安全间距作了着重的分析.     

高架仓库非稳态火灾温度场的数值模拟

通过计算流体软件FLUENT对高架仓库发生的火灾进行了研究,应用涡团耗散模型对机械排烟模式下仓库火灾烟气的特性进行了模拟,详细讨论了不同时刻系统不同截面的温度场分布。结果表明,易挥发物质的燃烧非常剧烈,在火灾发生的初期,系统温度的最大值发生在空气入口附近;持续燃烧2s后温度最大值发生在燃料储存罐周围。机械排烟设备的启动使大量高温烟气导流至室外,烟气出口温度较高。     

事故的突变论

事故是系统运动发生的突变。事故潜势是系统在运动过程中所存在的发生事故的可能性。在参量空间 ,用系统参量演化相对于分岔点 (集 )的度量 ,建立事故潜势的数学表达式。事故潜势反映了事故发生的本质特征和机理 ,为预防事故提供了理论依据。     

墨菲定律的客观性探讨及对安全管理的启示

安全事故的发生具有不可预知性,墨菲定律揭示了这一规律,也影响了人们对事故预防的可能性判断。从安全事故发生机制分析墨菲定律的客观性,介绍了影响墨菲定律发生的关键条件——经济性,论证了在解除经济性限制条件限制下,墨菲定律是可以破解的,并在经济性条件限制下对安全管理提出了相应建议。     

基于我国群死群伤火灾统计的火灾形势和特点分析

根据2002年至2010年我国群死群伤火灾的统计数据,分析了群死群伤火灾的总体形势、时空分布以及发生场所和起火原因的影响,得到了群死群伤火灾的发展趋势及其发生的规律和特点。结果表明,群死群伤火灾总体呈波动下降趋势,受经济因素影响明显;在发生时段上,年初和年末高于年中,晚上高于白天;在发生场所上,居住建筑发生的起数和死亡人数最多;在火灾原因上,电气火灾和用火不慎远远高于其他原因。     

我国重特大事故发生规律解析

本文对国内近十年的重特大事故从其发生月份、时段、省份、行业四个方面进行了统计,并进行了深入的分析,得出国内重特大事故发生的一般性规律,即每年的3、10和11月份为重特大事故高发期;每天的下半天发生重特大事故的概率要大于上半天;重特大事故主要集中在山西、贵州、湖南、山东、河南、广西等省;每年发生较多的事故类型是高处坠落、机械伤害,多是由交通事故引起,在重特大事故中,发生最多的事故类型是瓦斯爆炸、透水;每年发生事故最多的行业集中在道路交通事故和火灾事故。     

关于事故发生规律的研究

为有效遏制我国目前伤亡事故的多发趋势和寻找事故发生规律,对事故发生的特点与致因进行了系统分析,建立了事故模型,运用数学方法找出了事故发生的基本规律和相互制约关系,理清了管理、物质、环境和人为因素在事故形成与发生时的相互作用与关系。对导致事故多发的机理进行了系统理论剖析,从而发现了事故规律,为安全管理与事故预防提供了理论依据。     

数字播报

<正>67起2009年全国共发生重特大生产安全事故67起、死亡1128人(与2008年相比减少29起、845人)。其中,52起发生在生产经营企业或单位,15起发生在非法人单位。值得注意的是,这15起发生在非法人单位的重特大生产安全事故,占到了2009年重特大生产安全事故总数的     

H2S、NH3混合臭气在生物滴滤池中的净化研究

研究了生物滴滤塔净化含H2S与NH3臭气最佳的生态条件为:在温度为25 ℃、气体通气量为0.4 m3/h、营养盐喷淋量为8.0 L/h、入口H2S质量浓度712.80-948.80 mg/m3、入口NH3质量浓度422.20-795.40 mg/m3、pH值7.0-8.0之间的情况下,去除效率可达90%以上.生物滴滤塔在处理H2S和NH3混合气时,塔内pH值保持在6.5-8.5之间,此pH值对反应器中优势菌的生长繁殖不会造成太大影响,对处理效果影响不大,因此反应过程可不用对pH值进行调节,节约运行成本.     

Inspired to perform: A multilevel investigation of antecedents and consequences of thriving at work

Emerging research evidence across multiple industries suggests that thriving at work is critically important for creating sustainable organizational performance. However, we possess little understanding of how factors across different organizational levels stimulate thriving at work. To address this gap, the current study proposes a multilevel model that simultaneously examines contextual and individual factors that facilitate thriving at work and how thriving relates to positive health and overall unit performance. Analysis of data collected from 275 employees, at multiple time periods, and their immediate supervisors, representing 94 work units, revealed that servant leadership and core self‐evaluations are 2 important contextual and individual factors that significantly relate to thriving at work. The results further indicated that thriving positively relates to positive health at the individual level, with this relationship partially mediated by affective commitment. Our results also showed that collective thriving at work positively relates to collective affective commitment, which in turn, positively relates to overall unit performance. Taken together, these findings suggest that work context and individual characteristics play significant roles in facilitating thriving at work and that thriving is an important means by which managers and their organizations can improve employees' positive health and unit performance.     

铝生产过程碱烧伤事故及对策

通过对山西铝厂氧化铝分厂5年的碱烧伤事故分析与研究,指出了发生该类事故的原因,提出了在氧化铝生产中预防的对策,对氧化铝生产企业降低碱烧伤事故具有指导意义。     

高处作业人员位置与生理信号相关性分析

为对高处作业人员位置状态进行识别,加强对高处施工人员作业状态的监控,采用VR技术模拟高处作业,同时利用人-机-环同步平台,采集平地处、一级高处作业(取4 m为例)以及二级高处作业(8 m为例)情景下的6种生理信号数据,运用SPSS软件对生理信号进行数据分析.结果显示,不同高处作业人员对皮电信号(EDA)的时域具有显著性...     

Theoretical estimation of the lower flammability limit of fuel-air mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures

We present an approach for predicting the lower flammability limits of combustible gas in air. The influence of initial pressure and temperature on lower flammability limit has been examined in this study. The lower flammability limits of methane, ethylene and propane in air are estimated numerically at the pressure from one to 100 bar and the temperature from ambient to 1200 K. It was found that the predicted LFLs of methane, ethylene and propane decrease slightly with the elevated pressure at the high temperature. The LFLs variation for methane-air mixture is 0.17, 0.18, 0.18 volume% with the initial pressure from one to 100  bar at the initial temperature of 800 K, 1000 K and 1200 K respectively, which is significantly higher than that at lower temperature. And the LFL of methane-air mixture at 1200 K and 100 bar reaches 1.03 volume% which is much lower than that at 1 bar and ambient temperature. On the other hand, the LFLs variation is 0.11–0.12 volume% for ethylene-air mixture and 0.06–0.07 volume% for propane-air mixture with the initial temperature from 800 K to 1200 K at the same range of pressure. The LFL values at high temperatures and pressures represent higher risk of explosion.     

提速条件下小唐河大桥运营性能的安全性评价

针对提速后的小唐河大桥,运用动力检测方法,对其梁跨中的动挠度、横向振幅、横向及竖向加速度、振动频率,梁端横向振幅,墩顶横向振幅、加速度、振动频率,桥墩基础顶(承台顶)横向振幅等进行了测量。根据测量的结果对其进行安全性评价,评价结果表明:提速条件下各跨梁体的最大横向振幅均不满足规范的要求,墩顶、桥墩横向振幅值较大,承台顶的横向振幅也偏大,梁墩体系横向自振频率低,而各墩墩顶和梁体跨中的横向加速度值、梁体跨中竖向振动加速度值仍能满足规范的要求;梁跨具有足够的竖向刚度。根据评价的结果对小唐河大桥的加固提出了建议。     

轨顶排烟口对地铁地下车站火灾排烟效果影响研究

为了研究取消轨顶风口对地铁地下车站火灾防排烟的影响，采用CFD方法，针对全封闭站台门系统和全高站台门系统2种典型地铁车站，模拟车站公共区火灾和车站列车火灾发生时，有无轨顶风口对车站内排烟效果的影响。研究结果表明:针对车站公共区火灾，无论是全封闭站台门还是全高站台门系统，取消轨顶排烟口对公共区烟气温度、可见度、CO浓度等影响较低；但针对车站列车火灾，取消轨顶排烟口对公共区烟气温度、可见度、CO浓度均具有较大影响，排烟效果下降较多。     

竖直分支管道泄爆开启压力对甲烷爆燃压力的影响研究

针对市政排污管网等典型受限空间内可燃气体爆燃风险,建立由水平管道和竖直分支管道构成的数值模型,研究竖直分支管道不同泄爆开启压力对甲烷爆燃压力的影响.研究结果表明:不同泄爆开启压力条件下,管道内存在爆燃压力积聚和泄放的双重效应;水平管道内各测点压力时程曲线均表现为先增大后减小而后出现亥姆霍兹振荡,随着与爆源距离的增加,初...     

The stability of comparative referent choice and feelings of inequity: A longitudinal field study

This study examined the stability of comparative referent choice and feelings of inequity, and the effects of changes in feelings of inequity on employee reactions. At two points in time, 24 months apart, employees' choices of comparative referents and feelings of inequity with regard to four job facets (compensation, security, job complexity, and supervisory behavior) were assessed. Results indicated that many employees used the same comparative referents at both times, especially for the compensation facet. For three of the facets (security, job complexity, and supervisory behavior), employees tended to either change from a disadvantaged status at T1 to an advantaged or equitable status at T2 or to maintain at T2 the advantaged/equitable status they experienced at T1. However, for the compensation facet a different picture emerged: employees who felt disadvantaged at T1 also felt disadvantaged at T2. Finally, employees who changed to or maintained an equitable or an advantaged status with regard to the job complexity and supervisory behavior facets generally reacted more positively (i.e. were more satisfied and productive and attended more frequently) than employees who changed to or maintained a disadvantaged status. Implications of these results for future research on equity theory were discussed.     

Presence of scapular dysfunction in dominant shoulder of professional guitar players

Background. Playing guitar can cause adoption of asymmetric postures and affect the shoulder's stability. Objective. To assess the presence of scapular dysfunction in professional guitar players. Method. A lateral scapular slide test was performed at the level of the spine of the scapula and at the inferior angle of the scapula in 20 professional guitar players (age: 18–40 years) and was compared with 20 age-matched non-players at angles of 0°, 45° and 90° of shoulder abduction with both limbs loaded with 0.5-kg weights. Analysis was done by unpaired t test. Results. Scapular dysfunction in guitar players was seen in the form of asymmetric scapula at rest in 25% and dyskinetic scapula in 20% of players. 100% of non-players had normal scapular positioning. Comparison at the level of the spine of the scapula showed no significant difference (p?>?0.05), but the inferior angle showed a significant difference at 0° (1.37?cm), 45° (1.93?cm) and 90° (2.15?cm) which was more in the player's category (p?Conclusion. There exists a marked dysfunction of scapular stabilizers in professional guitar players at the level of the inferior angle of the scapula.