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区域地下水环境的保护是气田开发过程中环境保护工作的重点之一。通过现场调查和统计分析得知,外部污染源是影响当地地下水环境的主要因素,农田径流污染源是外部的主要污染源,以CODCr计其排放量分别约占外部污染源排放总量的67%,而钻井液漏失、天然气窜层、钻井废水排放等钻井作业是内部的主要污染源,其CODCr排放量约占内部污染源CODCr排放总量的62%,因而钻井作业的污染防治应是项目内部地下水污染防治工作的重点。根据地下水环境质量现状分析及变化趋势分析可知由于气田的开发建设,气田区地下水水质已受到一定程度的影响,特征污染物表现为CODCr、氨氮、氯化物、硝酸盐氮。为保护气田区地下水环境,分施工期和运营期两阶段设计了地下水环境保护方案,采取源头控制的清洁生产,至末端控制的污染治理并提出了突发污染事故应急预案,为气田的可持续开发提供指导。 相似文献
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林皆敏 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2015,(3):74-77
在简要分析泉州市地下水分布类型、开采利用和污染状况的基础上,采用单项组分评价和综合评价法对区域地下水质量进行综合评价和比较分析,对影响区域地下水水质分布格局的主要人类活动因素进行线性相关分析。结果表明,泉州市规划区范围内地下水呈现不同程度的污染,地下水水质状况与区域人口密度、城镇化水平,尤其是经济发展水平之间存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
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气田开发对环境的影响 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
气田开采会对地层造成破坏,引起地面下沉甚至诱发地震灾害;钻井液会对土壤、农作物、地下水造成危害;井下作业废液会对周围环境造成污染;气田水会对农作物、水生生物、地下水、人体健康造成危害;含硫的天然气净化过程排出的二氧化硫对树木、人体健康造成危害,并形成酸雨,对环境造成更大的危害。本文以四川气田及国外油气田为实例对上述危害逐一论述,这些对油气田环境保护工作者有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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气田水是天然气开采过程中采出的地层水,因其来源广泛、类型多以及成分复杂,导致难达标处理且易对土壤、地表水以及地下水造成环境污染。文章以川东地区气田水为研究对象,通过常规水质测定和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)检测等方法对其进行全面分析,结果表明:川东地区气田水的特征污染物为氯化物、COD、SS、阴离子表面活性剂以及硫化物等物质;根据其水质特性可以将川东地区气田水分为两类,一类是高矿化度、高含有机物气田水,另一类是高含硫、高含有机物气田水;川东地区气田水中共有17种有机污染物,主要为烷烃类、醇类、酯类以及少量酸类等物质。 相似文献
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气田水是天然气开采过程中采出的地层水,因其来源广泛、类型众多以及成分复杂等原因导致其很难达标处理,且容易对土壤、地表水以及地下水造成污染。因此,本文以川东地区气田水为研究对象,通过常规水质分析和GC-MS等技术手段对其进行全面分析,结果表明:①川东地区气田水特征污染物为氯化物、COD、SS、阴离子表面活性剂以及硫化物等物质;②根据其水质特性可以将川东地区气田水分为两类,一类是高矿化度、高含有机物气田水;另一类是高含硫、高含有机物气田水;③川东地区气田水中共有17种有机污染物,主要为烷烃类、醇类、酯类以及少量酸类等物质。 相似文献
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气田采出水的水量小、含盐量高,回注通常是更适合的环境处置方案。回注的主要环境风险是井筒内腐蚀造成泄漏后的土壤、地下水污染。文章在分析气田采出水水量、水质和污染特征的基础上,综述了回注处置井的目标构造选择方法,提出地下水污染最关键控制参数是注水静水压力低于"可利用地下水"的低水位(高度)以保证下方注入水不会上侵,回注处置目的层必须位于可能的饮用水源之下并有可靠的隔离层;提出井筒必须具有连续完整性,以保持注水构造与可能饮用水源的隔离;同时提出相应的检测/运行管理需求和控制措施,即可采用模型预测、检测、试验等方法分析采出水的腐蚀、结垢特性,通过投加适当的缓蚀剂、阻垢剂、杀菌剂等措施控制井筒腐蚀/结垢,为气田采出水回注环境风险控制提供参考。 相似文献
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Polluting substances are spread as a consequence of the construction and use of roads. This article provides a summary of
the substances with which traffic pollutes the environment on a local, regional and global level. The mechanisms of dispersion
of pollutants to soil and groundwater are described. Based on environmental quality requirements established in rules and
regulations in the Netherlands, the paper discusses mitigating measures necessary to limit the distribution of pollutants
along highways. Most of the data in this article come from original research carried out by or by order of the Road and Hydraulic
Institute. For comparison, other data from the Netherlands have been included. It is shown that source-oriented measures (volume
and technical) will have more effect on environmental quality than measures with regard to treating runoff. The use of porous
asphalt instead of nonporous asphalt on highways in the Netherlands has environmental benefits. The article also pays attention
to combined use of the roadside verges for treatment of runoff using ecological engineering techniques in the form of natural
processes in helophyte filter systems in combination with enhancement of ecological values along highways. 相似文献
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William Back Bruce B. Hanshaw 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(5):1008-1016
ABSTRACT. Interest in the geochemistry of groundwater is increasing owing to the great number of current projects involving underground liquid waste storage, artificial recharge of potable water, accidental contamination of groundwater bodies, sanitary landfills, and pollution monitoring. Geochemical techniques used to facilitate the understanding of a groundwater system range from extremely simple to those requiring sophisticated theories, equipment, and procedures. An interpretation of the simple trilinear diagram for samples collected from the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico provided evidence that the fresh-water body was only a few tens of meters thick and was underlain everywhere by an extensive body of salt water. A geochemical technique that has been used effectively to identify the source of salt water in coastal aquifers is measurement of the carbon-14 concentrations. Carbon-14 has been used in a regional carbonate aquifer to determine the velocity of groundwater movement, rates of chemical reactions, and distribution of hydraulic conductivity. The application of principles of irreversible thermodynamics to groundwater systems provides a basis for constructing models which permit prediction, over both time and space, of changes in head distribution and chemical character of the water resulting from imposed stresses on the system. In essence, proper application of irreversible thermodynamics combines the potential theory of Hubbert with principles of reversible chemical thermodynamics, such as solution of carbonate minerals, to describe and explain controlling chemical reactions and processes of groundwater systems. 相似文献
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J. J. Warwick D. Cockrum A. McKay 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(4):837-851
ABSTRACT: The impacts of regional groundwater quality and local agricultural activities on in-stream water quality in the Lower Truckee River, Nevada, were assessed through a detailed program of monitoring and computer simulation. An agricultural diversion and return-flow were monitored in great detail to determine mass loading rates of nutrients from agriculture in the area. Once characterized, the cumulative impacts of agricultural diversions and return-flows were evaluated using the Water Quality Assessment Program (WASP) to model nitrogen, phosphorus, periphyton, and dissolved oxygen. Monitoring showed that a significant proportion of the water diverted for agricultural purposes returned to the river as surface point return-flow (estimated at 13.9 percent $ 0.1 percent), and as groundwater diffuse return-flow (estimated at 27 percent $ 6 percent). Modeling efforts demonstrated the significant effect of assumed regional groundwater quality (nitrate) upon predicted periphyton growth and associated diel fluctuations of dissolved oxygen. 相似文献
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Kenneth D. Schmidt 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1975,11(3):514-525
ABSTRACT: Sewage effluent is commonly disposed of on land in arid regions, and the majority usually recharges the groundwater. Few evaluations have been made of the effect of effluent disposal on groundwater quality in the west. Groundwater hydrologists are rarely involved with treatment plant design and operation or effluent disposal in the San Joaquin Valley, California. The author's purpose is to evaluate the effect of regional sewering programs on groundwater quality in this valley. Research was conducted on past studies of sewage effluent disposal. An extensive water sampling program was undertaken near the Fresno Sewage Treatment Plant. Chloride contents were used to trace recharged effluent. The extent of recharged effluent was delineated and traced for about ten miles. Sampling between the plant and the urban Fresno area indicated a high probability of large-scale leakage of raw sewage into the groundwater. 相似文献
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This article suggests that Asia’s groundwater socio‐ecology is at an impasse. Rapid growth in groundwater irrigation in South Asia and the North China plains during the period 1970–95 has been the main driver of the agrarian boom in these regions. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and China account for the bulk of the world’s use of groundwater in agriculture. On the plus side, groundwater development has provided sustenance to agrarian economies and millions of rural livelihoods. On the downside, it has created chronic problems of resource depletion and quality deterioration. While problems of groundwater depletion, pollution and quality deterioration are indeed serious, so are the consequences of the degradation of the resource for those that have come to precariously depend upon groundwater irrigation. Three problems currently afflict groundwater use: depletion due to overdraft; water logging and salinization; and pollution due to agricultural, industrial and other human activity. The pathology of the decline in groundwater socio‐ecology reflects a remarkably similar pattern across regions. The critical issue for Asia now is: what might be done to sustain and revive these groundwater socio‐ecologies vital to the region’s economy? This article reviews a variety of techno‐institutional approaches. However, transposing lessons from the industrialized world uncritically in the Asian context may not work. A more nuanced understanding of the peculiarities of Asia’s groundwater socio‐ecology is needed. 相似文献
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A Conflict-Resolution Model for the Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater Resources that Considers Water-Quality Issues: A Case Study 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources is one alternative for optimal use of available water resources in
arid and semiarid regions. The optimization models proposed for conjunctive water allocation are often complicated, nonlinear,
and computationally intensive, especially when different stakeholders are involved that have conflicting interests. In this
article, a new conflict-resolution methodology developed for the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources using
Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and Young Conflict-Resolution Theory (YCRT) is presented. The proposed
model is applied to the Tehran aquifer in the Tehran metropolitan area of Iran. Stakeholders in the study area have conflicting
interests related to water supply with acceptable quality, pumping costs, groundwater quality, and groundwater table fluctuations.
In the proposed methodology, MODFLOW and MT3D groundwater quantity and quality simulation models are linked with the NSGA-II
optimization model to develop Pareto fronts among the objectives. The best solutions on the Pareto fronts are then selected
using YCRT. The results of the proposed model show the significance of applying an integrated conflict-resolution approach
to conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources in the study area. 相似文献
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Alexander Zaporozec 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(6):1137-1143
In today's society the planned management of groundwater resources has played an increasingly greater role. One means of insuring the protection of groundwater quantity and quality is a regional zoning of groundwater resources. Regional zoning means to classify a given region with regard to hydrogeological characteristics and to evaluate and determine the possible use of each zone. The necessary assumption is the appropriate knowledge of geological structure (compiled in a geological map) and of hydrogeological conditions (compiled in a hydrogeological map). The basis for subdivision is a hydrogeological unit distinguished and delineated on the basis of lithological, stratigraphical, structural, and hydrogeological characteristics. It should have its own distinct hydrological system. The hydrogeological region is the basic unit. Regions may be grouped into larger units: hydrogeological provinces and realms. The subdivision of regions into hydrogeological zones, or subzones when applicable, forms the basis for a groundwater development plan. 相似文献
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常艳杰 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2005,15(2):100-102
住宅小区污水管道施工是小区建设的重要环节.因小区面积不等、户型多样、情况复杂,检查井砌筑不慎将导致污水渗漏,污染地下水.检查井新施工工艺在施工前的准备工作、注意事项、优缺点以及与规范做法的不同之处. 相似文献
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桓台县是华北平原的具有代表性的高产粮区,长期集约化的农业耕作模式,导致地下水硝态氮含量的大幅上升,威胁当地居民的身体健康。为更好地保护地下水,降低农业生产对地下水的污染,在2007年春季对桓台县323位农民进行了地下水保护意愿调查,分别对农民农业生产环保意识、改善地下水污染的意愿和农民的环境保护责任意识进行了分析,结果显示多数农民担心地下水污染会对人体造成伤害,但是仅少数的农民了解不合理的农业耕作会导致地下水的污染;大多数农民乐意接受新型环保肥料,但是接近一半的农民表示当地缺乏农技人员的指导;多数农民表示愿意加入农业生产协会以改善农业生产方式,但是农民对于农业所造成的地下水污染责任意识不强;受教育程度和收入状况越高的农民地下水保护意识越强,越容易接受改善农业生产模式,责任心相对也较强。建议在桓台县加大对地下水污染防治的宣传和投入力度的同时,加强农业技术推广体系建设和健全地下水水质监控与监管体系等措施。 相似文献