UK interpretation and implementation of the EEC Shellfish directive

The EEC Shellfish Directive is a policy designed to protect and, where necessary, improve the quality of designated shellfish waters. Its implementation within the UK, however, has had no effect upon water quality for two reasons. First, the policy has important defects, having ambiguities concerning public health provisions and lacking designation criteria. Second, UK government has sought to achieve formal compliance, while at the same time ensuring that its full financial impact on public expenditure has been contained. Consequently, only those fisheries which already comply with water quality standards have been designated. Within Wales, one fishery has been designated, while other, commercially more important, but grossly contaminated shellfisheries have not.     

汽车电子电器EMC标准差异的研究——IS07637-2:2011与IS07637-2:2004

本文着重介绍了《道路车辆——由传导和耦合引起的电骚扰:沿电源线的电瞬态传导》IS0 7637-2:2011与ISO7637-2:2004的差异,对测试布置要求,瞬态脉冲抗扰度的测试等级,瞬态脉冲发射的限值等方面都进行了深入的研究.     

关于进出口无线（通讯）产品的电磁兼容测试

本文阐述了无线（通讯）产品的欧关电磁兼容测试要求及国内的要求,并分析其危害性及监管的前景。     

电动工具EMC问题分析及解决

本文详细分析了电动工具电磁骚扰的来源,介绍了常见的解决电动工具EMC的方法,有利于针对不同产品、不同项目进行产品电磁兼容设计．可供EMC检测技术人员和产品设计者参考。     

某社保(终端/便民/访客)服务器终端EMC整改案例分析

介绍了某社保(终端/便民/访客)服务器终端在电子产品电磁兼容认证中经常遇见的辐射骚扰和传导骚扰测试项目,重点从PCB板级电路EMC设计方面进行测试不合格原因分析,并给出整改对策。并由此案例引出电子产品电磁兼容设计时的注意事项,以图能给电子产品设计工程师提供参考,使其能以较高概率一次性通过EMC认证。     

Revision of the council directive on the quality of water intended for human consumption

The current European Directive for the quality of drinking water was originally proposed in 1975 and adopted in 1980. With improved scientific knowledge and a desire to simplify, consolidate and update existing legislation, the commission is currently revising the Directive. Proposed changes include a significant reduction in the value of the lead parameter, which will involve countries such as the UK with considerable expenditure related to the removal of lead pipes and fittings in the water systems. Water quality will in future be measured and expected to comply at the tap. Other proposed changes are also outlined.     

Impact assessment of the European biofuel directive on land use and biodiversity

This paper presents an assessment of the potential impact of the EUs biofuel directive on European land use and biodiversity. In a spatially explicit analysis, it is determined which ecologically valuable land use types are likely to be directly replaced by biofuel crops. In addition, it is determined which land use types may be indirectly replaced by biofuel crops through competition over land between biofuel and food crops. Four scenarios of land use change are analyzed for the period 2000–2030 while for each scenario two policy variants are analyzed respectively with and without implementation of the biofuel directive. The results indicate that the area of semi natural vegetation, forest and High Nature Value farmland directly replaced by biofuel crops is small in all scenarios and differs little between policy variants. The direct effects of the directive on European land use and biodiversity therefore are relatively minor. The indirect effects of the directive on European land use and biodiversity are much larger than its direct effects. The area semi natural vegetation is found to be 3–8% smaller in policy variants with the directive as compared to policy variants without the directive. In contrast, little difference is found between the policy variants with respect to the forest area. The results of this study show that the expected indirect effects of the directive on biodiversity are much greater than its direct effects. This suggests that indirect effects need to be taken explicitly into account in assessing the environmental effects of biofuel crop cultivation and designing sustainable pathways for implementing biofuel policies.     

ISO26262对电动汽车电磁兼容性的影响

随着化石燃料的逐渐枯竭和尾气排放法规的逐渐严格,电动汽车逐渐得到了市场的认可,但是与此同时,电动汽车的安全和可靠性问题也越来越严峻。汽车功能安全标准ISO 26262对电动汽车的功能安全相关的要求进行了规定。对ISO 26262中对EMC的要求进行了梳理总结,并研究了其与现存EMC标准的关系。最后,提出了电动汽车改进EMC性能的方法和途径,从而更好地符合ISO 26262标准。     

The impact of the European landfill directive on waste management in the United Kingdom

The European Union Landfill Directive calls on member states to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal solid waste disposed of to landfill. In addition, national waste strategies will require the constituent parts of the United Kingdom to achieve increased household waste recycling and recovery rates. Both these measures will require the development of the infrastructure to support national high-intensity recycling and composting schemes and the construction of at least 35 new municipal waste to energy incinerators. Before plans can be developed for meeting the targets several areas relating to municipal solid waste need to be clarified. Depending on the definition of municipal solid waste, its composition and likely future growth rates the number of incinerators required could be up to 170.     

Stakeholder participation and the water framework directive: The case of the Ribble Pilot

The Water Framework Directive is the most significant piece of European water legislation to date. This paper looks at the Directive's stakeholder participation requirements, which are crucial to its successful implementation, and represent one of its most novel and potentially far-reaching elements. The Ribble catchment in northwest England is part of a European pilot river basin network tasked by the European Commission with testing the Directive's common implementation strategy guidance, which is designed to aid member states in meeting its requirements. The Ribble pilot, managed by the Environment Agency, is responsible for testing the stakeholder participation element of this guidance. This paper provides an overview of the early stages of the Ribble pilot'sapproach, and discusses stakeholder participation in the context of the Water Framework Directive more broadly.