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1.
    
Heterogeneous membranes were obtained by using styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) blends with low content of ion-exchanger particles (5 wt.%). The membranes obtained by phase inversion were used for the removal of copper ions from synthetic wastewater solutions by electrodialytic separation. The electrodialysis was conducted in a three cell unit, without electrolyte recirculation. The process, under potentiostatic or galvanostatic control, was followed by pH and conductivity measurements in the solution. The electrodialytic performance, evaluated in terms of extraction removal degree (rd) of copper ions, was better under potentiostatic control then by the galvanostatic one and the highest (over 70%) was attained at 8 V. The membrane efficiency at small ion-exchanger load was explained by the migration of resin particles toward the pores surface during the phase inversion. The prepared membranes were characterized by various techniques i.e. optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis and contact angle measurements.  相似文献   

2.
弱碱性阴离子交换纤维吸附H2S和CO2混合气体的研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
主要研究了弱碱性阴离子交换纤维对高浓度的H2S、CO2混合气体的吸附性能,考察了各种因素对吸附的影响规律,为今后进一步的研究打下了一定的基础。  相似文献   

3.
    
Carbon dioxide(CO_2) is the largest anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG) on the planet contributing to the global warming. Currently, there are three capture technologies of trapping CO_2 from the flue gas and they are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion. Among these, the post-combustion is widely popular as it can be retrofitted for a short to medium term without encountering any significant technology risks or changes.Activated carbon is widely used as a universal separation medium with series of advantages compared to the first generation capture processes based on amine-based scrubbing which are inherently energy intensive. The goal of this review is to elucidate the three CO_2 capture technologies with a focus on the use of activated carbon(AC) as an adsorbent for post-combustion anthropogenic CO_2 flue gas capture prior to emission to atmosphere. Furthermore, this coherent review summarizes the recent ongoing research on the preparation of activated carbon from various sources to provide a profound understanding on the current progress to highlight the challenges of the CO_2 mitigation efforts along with the mathematical modeling of CO_2 capture. AC is widely seen as a universal adsorbent due to its unique properties such as high surface area and porous texture. Other applications of AC in the removal of contaminants from flue gas, heavy metal and organic compounds, as a catalyst and catalyst support and in the electronics and electroplating industry are also discussed in this study.  相似文献   

4.
湖泊由于其特殊的地理位置,较高的生产力,在碳循环中具有重要作用。作为湖泊营养元素的碳在湖泊水体中的赋存形态主要包括:碳酸盐系统(CO2,CO32-,HCO3-,H2CO3)、溶解态有机碳、生物死亡残体颗粒碳及生物体有机碳等。研究表明包括有机碳和溶解态无机碳在内的全世界湖泊总碳汇为0.077Gt/a,其中对大气的汇达到0.0532Gt/a。湖泊除从地表径流、地下水获得碳以外,还可从空气物质中获得碳。估算及测定水气界面CO2通量的方法主要有:①赖利估算法;②单侧扩散法;③同位素估算法;④涡度相关法;⑤静态箱式法。  相似文献   

5.
以Na2CO3和NaHCO3的混合液作为用碱液吸收CO2气体的模拟液,用两室单阴膜电渗析装置对其在小于5V的低电压下进行脱碳处理,并且得出电渗析的方法可以增加回收液中Na2CO3和NaHCO3的浓度比,减少碳的总浓度,起到了对CO2的碱吸收液再生利用的作用。  相似文献   

6.
    
Highly efficient and sustainable conversion technologies to generate uniform sodalite(Na8(AlSiO4)6(OH)2) zeolite micro spheres with low-grade waste natural diatomite as raw materials via a solution-mediated crystallization route were developed in the present study.The synthesis process can be considered as an in-situ zeolitization of diatomite precursor without involving any me so scale template and any post-synthetic modification.The mass ratios of di...  相似文献   

7.
二氧化碳捕集技术进展研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
CO2排放主要源于化石燃料燃烧过程,减少化石燃料燃烧过程排放的CO2对于降低大气中CO2浓度具有重要意义.针对燃烧过程排放的CO2,分析了CO2捕集技术的原理、工艺流程、优劣性和适用性,并归纳了CO2捕集技术的研发趋势.结果表明:CO2捕集技术主要包括燃料燃烧前捕集、燃烧后捕集和富氧燃烧.为了有效缓解因CO2排放导致的一系列环境及社会问题,后续需要进一步降低CO2捕集技术的成本以及通过立法以约束企业的CO2排放行为.  相似文献   

8.
天然沸石去除氨氮研究   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
研究了生物膜、悬浮物对天然沸石去除氨氮的影响及其沸石去除氨氮的主要途径。结果表明,沸石去除氨氮主要是离子交换作用,吸附很小,可忽略不计;由于生物膜对氨氮的同化作用,使得有生物膜的沸石对氨氮的交换容量高于无生物膜,其等温交换曲线换符合Freundlich吸附等温式:y/m=KC^l/n;沸石的吸附容量随着悬浮物浓度增高而降低,2者呈负指数关系;悬浮物对沸石离子交换的影响主要在孔扩散控制阶段,在膜扩散控制阶段影响较小;如果停留时间较短(少于3h),悬浮物对沸石离子交换的影响不大。  相似文献   

9.
二氧化碳的回收和利用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
炼油厂的制氢尾气中含有大量二氧化碳,将其分离回收并加以利用具有一定的社会效益和经济效益。  相似文献   

10.
对于低浓度含氨氮废水,铵离子交换工艺具有高效、低耗的优点。在实验室利用固定床离子交换装置处理氨氮废水,在20L/h条件下,铵交换量达到最大,为6.1mg/g。分别选用氢氧化钠和氯化钠的混合液以及碳酸钠溶液作为再生液,连续处理石化含氨废水。在进水氨氮浓度小于50mg/L条件下,出水氨氮小于1mg/L;在进水氨氮浓度60-80mg/L条件下,出水氨氮小于2mg/L。再生液用量约为床层体积的4倍。  相似文献   

11.
    
N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) precursors consist of a positively charged dimethylamine group and a non-polar moiety, which inspired us to develop a targeted cation exchange technology to remove NDMA precursors. In this study, we tested the removal of two representative NDMA precursors, dimethylamine(DMA) and ranitidine(RNTD), by strong acidic cation exchange resin. The results showed that pH greatly affected the exchange efficiency, with high removal(DMA 78% and RNTD 94%) observed at pH pk_a-1 when the molar ratio of exchange capacity to precursor was 4. The exchange order was obtained as follows: Ca~(2+) Mg~(2+) RNTD~+ K~+ DMA~+ NH_4~+ Na~+. The partition coefficient of DMA~+to Na~+was 1.41 ± 0.26, while that of RNTD~+to Na~+was 12.1 ± 1.9. The pseudo second-order equation fitted the cation exchange kinetics well. Bivalent inorganic cations such as Ca~(2+)were found to have a notable effect on NA precursor removal in softening column test. Besides DMA and RNTD, cation exchange process also worked well for removing other 7 model NDMA precursors. Overall, NDMA precursor removal can be an added benefit of making use of cation exchange water softening processes.  相似文献   

12.
论述了CO2俘获的重要性和紧迫性,介绍了4种适用于化石燃料电厂的CO2俘获方案:煤粉燃烧中的CO2分离和俘获处理、气化CO2分离和俘获处理、氧燃烧CO2分离和俘获处理和化学环燃烧处理。  相似文献   

13.
The lower troposphere is an excellent receptacle, which integrates anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions over large areas. Therefore, atmospheric concentration observations over populated regions would provide the ultimate proof if sustained emissions changes have occurred. The most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO(2)), also shows large natural concentration variations, which need to be disentangled from anthropogenic signals to assess changes in associated emissions. This is in principle possible for the fossil fuel CO(2) component (FFCO(2)) by high-precision radiocarbon ((14)C) analyses because FFCO(2) is free of radiocarbon. Long-term observations of (14)CO(2) conducted at two sites in south-western Germany do not yet reveal any significant trends in the regional fossil fuel CO(2) component. We rather observe strong inter-annual variations, which are largely imprinted by changes of atmospheric transport as supported by dedicated transport model simulations of fossil fuel CO(2). In this paper, we show that, depending on the remoteness of the site, changes of about 7-26% in fossil fuel emissions in respective catchment areas could be detected with confidence by high-precision atmospheric (14)CO(2) measurements when comparing 5-year averages if these inter-annual variations were taken into account. This perspective constitutes the urgently needed tool for validation of fossil fuel CO(2) emissions changes in the framework of the Kyoto protocol and successive climate initiatives.  相似文献   

14.
离子交换纤维净化含丙烯酸废水的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了用离子交换纤维净化含丙烯酸废水,用静态法、动态法对强、弱碱性阴离子交换纤维的丙维酸吸附性能进行了研究,强碱阴离子交换纤维净化含然酸废水,净化率>99%,纤维用氢氧化钠再生,再生液可制聚丙烯酸钠。  相似文献   

15.
新型环境材料提铯离子筛的铯离子交换性能初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
研究了提铯离子筛的颗粒性质对铯离子的交换容量和分配系数的影响,以及提铯离子筛在强酸介质中的稳定性和交换性能;探讨了在大量氢离子或钠离子存在时提铯离子筛对铯离子的选择性.实验结果表明提铯离子筛为多孔无定形物质,其对铯离子的交换容量和分配系数,随着颗粒粒度的减小而增加,但是酸度和钠离子的的影响有限.在与模拟高放废液的静态交换中,提铯离子筛对铯离子的交换率可高达96%以上,基本达到了从高放废液中提取137Cs的指标.  相似文献   

16.
电厂二氧化碳捕捉技术对比研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
由于全球温室效应的不断加剧,发展二氧化碳捕捉技术变得十分必要.通过分析燃烧前捕捉、燃烧后捕捉和富氧燃烧捕捉三种二氧化碳捕捉方式流程及其特点,指出三种不同的二氧化碳捕捉技术的发展现状以及应用途径.通过具体对比现有二氧化碳捕捉技术的工作原理以及优缺点,针对现有的几种具体的二氧化碳捕捉技术进行详细的分析,积极应用各种物理、化...  相似文献   

17.
    
Switchgrass(Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial C_4 grass native to North America and successfully adapted to diverse environmental conditions. It offers the potential to reduce soil surface carbon dioxide(CO_2) fluxes and mitigate climate change. However, information on how these CO_2 fluxes respond to changing climate is still lacking. In this study, CO_2 fluxes were monitored continuously from 2011 through 2014 using high frequency measurements from Switchgrass land seeded in 2008 on an experimental site that has been previously used for soybean(Glycine max L.) in South Dakota, USA. DAYCENT, a process-based model, was used to simulate CO_2 fluxes. An improved methodology CPTE[Combining Parameter estimation(PEST) with \"Trial and Error\" method] was used to calibrate DAYCENT. The calibrated DAYCENT model was used for simulating future CO_2 emissions based on different climate change scenarios. This study showed that:(i) the measured soil CO_2 fluxes from Switchgrass land were higher for 2012 which was a drought year, and these fluxes when simulated using DAYCENT for long-term(2015–2070) provided a pattern of polynomial curve;(ii) the simulated CO_2 fluxes provided different patterns with temperature and precipitation changes in a long-term,(iii) the future CO_2 fluxes from Switchgrass land under different changing climate scenarios were not significantly different, therefore, it can be concluded that Switchgrass grown for longer durations could reduce changes in CO_2 fluxes from soil as a result of temperature and precipitation changes to some extent.  相似文献   

18.
Studies concerning the emission of carbon dioxide(CO_2) were carried out in 2009–2012 for six reservoirs located in four provinces of south-eastern Poland. The CO_2 flux across the water–air interface was measured using the \"static chamber\" method. The measured fluxes of CO_2(FCO_2) ranged from-30.64 to 183.78 mmol/m~2/day, and the average values varied in the range from-3.52 to 82.11 mmol/m2/day. In most of the cases, emission of CO_2 to the atmosphere was observed. The obtained values of CO_2 fluxes were comparable to values typical for other temperate reservoirs. Analysis of the influence of selected environmental factors on the FCO_2 showed that it depends on parameters characterizing both the sediments and surface water. The CO_2 flux at the water–air interface was positively correlated with parameters of bottom sediments such as porosity, content of organic carbon and total nitrogen; and negatively with p H value and δ~(13)C of organic carbon. In the case of the parameters characterizing surface water, positive dependences on the concentrations of nitrate and total nitrogen, and negative relationships with water temperature and chlorophyll a concentrations, were found.  相似文献   

19.
上海地铁车站空气中CO2浓度调查   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
钱华  李德 《上海环境科学》1999,18(7):306-308
1998年5月末对上海地铁人民广场站和漕宝路站2个站台内空气中CO2浓度进行了监测,以日本,美国,澳大利亚和韩国4个国家的室内空气质量标准进行影响评价。结果表明:2个地铁站内空气中CO2浓度在大部分运营时间内低于1571.4或1178.8mg/m^3,属“可”或“良”。  相似文献   

20.
温室气体的大量排放所造成温室效应的加剧是全球变暖的基本原因。全球和区域碳循环已成为全球气候变化研究的重要内容之一。碳汇的巨大功能深受世人瞩目,影响碳汇增加因素的研究也越加必要。  相似文献   

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