运用灰色系统理论对城市环境噪声分析与预测

利用灰色系统理论的灰色关联度分析法,对影响佛山市禅城区区域环境噪声的影响因子进行定量分析,结果表明,影响佛山市禅城区区域环境噪声的第一位因素是机动车辆密度;同时建立了城市区域环境噪声的灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,短期预测精度很高,未来5年禅城区区域环境噪声呈平稳下降趋势.为规划防治城市区域环境噪声提供科学依据.     

《城市区域环境噪声标准》实施中的问题及看法

就徐州市实施《城市区域环境噪声标准》的实际经验，得出了“城市基础建设的现代化和开发，加上适配的管理对策，是控制城市环境噪声的完整对策”的结论。对特殊噪声源的测点选择以及有关的几个国家标准提出了质疑，并提出了意见或建议。     

应用PC-1501袖珍机进行城市区域环境噪声评价的程序设计

一、概述城市区域环境噪声普查是及时、准确地掌握城市噪声现状,分析噪声变化趋势和规律,为城市噪声管理、治理和研究提供科学依据的重要手段。国家环保局规定1990年为全国城市区域环境噪声普查监测起始年,今后每五年进行一次。     

灰色聚类法在玉环县声功能区划中的应用

运用灰色聚类法对玉环县各区域进行了声环境评价,并运用MATLAB软件进行编程运算,同时根据玉环县城区的总体规划及噪声监测值进行检验,确定了玉环县声环境功能区划。结果表明,利用灰色聚类法得出的声环境功能区划结果科学合理,可为城市的噪声污染防治工作提供可靠依据。     

噪声对人体健康影响的分析

从全国的城市噪声调查角度出发,得出中国环境噪声的危害程度,并就噪声对人体健康的危害、对工作的影响,作了详细的综述,最后指出中国城市噪声研究存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了今后研究的发展方向。     

环境噪声达标区评价方法探讨

环境噪声污染是城市中一个突出的环境问题，为有效地降低城市环境噪声污染，近年来，国家环保局在全国各地推进了环境噪声达标区的建设工作。如何正确评价环境噪声达标区亦是该项工作的重要组成部分。本文根据实际工作体会，简述了环境噪声达标区的评价方法并对目前环境噪声达标区建设和评价中存在的若干问题进行探讨。1环境噪声达标区评价环境噪声达标区的评价主要是根据环境噪声达标区的基本要求，通过对拟建噪声达标区内各类噪声的监测、调查资料及有关管理规定进行综合分析与判断。1．1环境噪声达标区的基本要求国家环保局在“建设环境…     

杭州市西溪小区环境噪声调查和特性分析

近年来,我国城市环境噪声的研究工作已取得较大的进展,城市环境噪声功能区域的划分工作将在许多城市陆续开展。本文通过对杭州市西溪小区环境噪声的调查和分析,探索居民、文教区环境噪声的特性和分布规律及其提高声学环境质量的措施;并对环境噪声功能区的划分作初步的探讨。     

杭州市交通噪声测量

交通噪声在城市环境噪声中是最主要的一种。它影响人们的睡眠与休息,干优语言交谈,降低工作效率,妨碍思考问题,引起吵闹的感觉。因此要降低交通噪声以减少对人的干扰。首先要制定交通噪声的测量规范和建立允许标准。根据在北京和天津等城市的测量,我们提出了城市交通噪声测试规范     

天津市空气质量变化趋势及主要影响因子分析

空气质量作为重要的环境问题,影响着城市人口健康和经济发展.利用天津市环境质量各种年报资料,综合运用灰色聚类、关联模型对天津市空气质量现状、影响因素做出分析.结果表明,天津市整体空气质量呈上升趋势,2004年后灰色聚类结果均为二类,且一类聚类系数在逐渐增大;空气质量的变化是多种因素共同作用的结果,天津市工业废气排放及能源...     

区域环境噪声二维分布灰色系统模型预测

一、引言区域环境噪声的预测是一个引人注目的课题。但在通常情况下,由于区域内噪声源分布及声波传播途径的声学性质缺乏规律性,使这一课题的研究颇为困难,只对一些声源分布较为简单的情况取得一定成果。我们认为,对一般区域,尽管声波的传播与衰减确实符合物理规律,但由于声源分布的无规性(包括运动着的声源其坐标的不确定性以及间歇出现的声源其出现时间的不确定性),以及传播途径上声学性质的无规性(例     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.