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1.
本文研究了我国由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转变过程中对环境保护产生的积极作用及其面临的问题,探索了适应社会主义市场经济体制实现环境与经济可持续发展的政策措施。  相似文献   

2.
江苏省环境污染及影响因素区域差异比较研究   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9  
江苏省不同区域的环境污染状况差异显著。首先对江苏省三大地区间的环境污染差异进行了简要分析,然后重点对各地区环境污染的经济影响因素进行了对比,结果显示苏南地区的经济增长水平及规模、产业结构、制度及环保科技水平等方面与苏中和苏北地区间差别明显,而且这种差异表现出对环境污染作用机理相反的方向,主要是由江苏省特殊的发展阶段所致,即伴随着经济的快速发展,环境污染呈现恶化趋势。基于以上分析,提出了环保政策创新的途径,以缩小江苏省环境污染区域差异,在维持经济持续增长条件下,使区域环境恶化的局面得到有效控制。  相似文献   

3.
    
How is the air pollution issue in Delhi framed by the news media and narrated by nonprofit organizations? To study news media framing, we employed an inductive approach based on automated text coding of news coverage of the issue. To study nonprofit organization narrations, a deductive approach guided by the Narrative Policy Framework was used to focus on the stories told via online documents as found on nonprofit websites. The findings confirm existing theory and empirical research regarding the leading causes and effects of air pollution; however, perceptions are mixed regarding the government’s ability to implement policy. The combined deductive and inductive approaches provide a systematic and multi-method research study for understanding perceptions of air pollution in one of the largest cities in the world. The result is a depiction of the priorities that influence public opinions, political decisions, and eventually public policies.  相似文献   

4.
生态公益林建设管理的环境经济政策分析--以广州市为例   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据环境经济学的外部性理论 ,生态公益林建设管理具有外部经济性。使生态公益林建设管理外部性内部化的主要手段是“调节市场”型的环境经济政策 ,即由政府向公众征收生态公益林建设管理费用 ,而“建立市场”型的环境经济政策———明晰生态公益林的产权、承包经营权 ,则是生态公益林建设管理外部性内部化和生态公益林有效管理的需要。广州市生态公益林建设管理中存在的建设管理资金不足、林地的使用权分散、对林农补偿的数量难以确定等问题 ,有待于上述两种环境经济政策来解决  相似文献   

5.
征税,还是补贴--对当前环境经济政策的反思   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
现行环境经济政策的目标在于纠正经济主体的外部不经济性,具体是通过税收或产权交易使外部成本内部化,本文称其为环境经济政策的“不对称性”。因为外部效应除了外部不经济以外,还有外部经济,现行的环境经济政策只考虑了前者却完全忽视了后者,只强调了外部成本的内部化却忽视了外部收益也应该内部化。以此为出发点,文章从现行政策的对立面出发,探讨了围绕外部收益内部化制定环境经济政策的必要性和可行性。最后作者分析了目前排污权交易存在的严重问题,并给出了解决问题的方法。  相似文献   

6.
激励生态农业发展的环境经济政策分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文着重探讨了激励生态农业发展的环境经济政策分析过程。该方法体系从农业环境经济系统的起始元——农户入手 ,建立了农户环境经济行为模式 ,进而通过指向农户的环境经济政策激励机制模型分析 ,寻找促进生态农业发展的环境经济政策包。  相似文献   

7.
    
Scholars and practitioners are engaging in a fierce debate over the implications of using market-based discourse in communicating environmental problems and solutions. However, there has been less attention to exactly who is using such economic discourse and how it is combined with other discourses. Prior researchers have proposed tripartite frameworks for categorizing discursive strategies around pro-economic, anti-economic, and non-economic metaphors, which are here applied to eight U.S. environmental advocacy organizations’ press releases. An original text-analytic dictionary of pro-economic, anti-economic, and non-economic discourse is used to distinguish between the proposed discourse strategies. This analysis indicates that economics-oriented discourse strategies are more complex and varied than previously suggested. A more nuanced framework is proposed.  相似文献   

8.
论环境成本内部化及政策选择   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
环境成本内部化是实现可持续发展的基本手段。本文首先从环境经济学的角度出发,分析了现行国民经济核算体系的严重缺陷。在此基础上,根据社会主义市场经济的特点和要求,提出了实现可持续发展战略的宏观、中观和微观的环境成本内部化政策与措施  相似文献   

9.
    
We use a discourse network analysis approach to answer two questions about national news coverage of climate change policy debate in Canada during the period 2006–2010. First, what is the media visibility of actors relevant to policy development and advocacy on climate change? Second, given the political and economic context of climate policy-making in Canada, does greater or lesser media visibility reflect effectiveness in climate policy advocacy? Multiple interpretive frameworks characterize Canadian political discourse about climate change, with fragmentation between the federal government, opposition political parties, provincial governments, and environmental organizations. Contrary to expectations, environmental organizations had high levels of media visibility while the relative invisibility of fossil fuel corporations was notable in the media coverage of Canadian climate discussions. Our findings challenge optimistic accounts of the relationship between media power and political power, and suggest that media power does not necessarily translate to political efficacy.  相似文献   

10.
Science, politics and environmental policy have for several years been encountering social and institutional as well as scientific challenges, national and international. The normative basis of all sciences is pressurised from three sides: by awareness of the public, who claims more transparency and sensibility from the scientific institutions regarding factual or possible impacts of science-based industrial progress; by the industries, which try to speed up and intensify the industrialisation of knowledge; and by the public policies, which want to see the sciences engaged in ways to mitigate unintended consequences of economic, ecological and social developments. At the same time, environmental policy is undergoing a tremendous sea change both in conceptual and practical matters. Since the Brundtland Report in 1987 and accelerated after UNCED 1992, environmental policy has been struggling to become a groundbreaking new paradigm for the capacity of resolving social and political issues as well. Any successful attempt to alter traditional institutional and mental structures in policy-making toward sustainability presupposes a renewed association of co-operation, deliberation and decision making. Results from theory of democracy, studies in science and technology, and evaluation studies in environmental policy and politics can be utilised for this context.  相似文献   

11.
环境资源稀缺性决定了经济增长与环境保护之间的必然矛盾,而环境的公共物品属性决定了环境保护与生态治理应纳入政府规制范畴。该研究以中国30个省份面板数据为样本,构建经济高质量发展指标体系,以变异系数法与熵权法相结合的方式测算经济高质量发展综合指数,利用随机森林算法对模型变量进行筛选,利用对异常值不敏感的惩罚面板分位数回归研究经济高质量发展的环境规制政策协同异质性效应。结果表明,环境规制政策协同对经济高质量发展的影响存在明显异质性。具体而言:①在经济高质量发展水平较低地区(0.1分位点)政策2与政策3的组合协同效果最优;在经济高质量发展水平较高地区3种政策组合的协同效果最优。②政策协同整体上显著促进经济高质量发展,且存在“U”形影响,即随着政策协同度的不断增大,经济高质量发展水平呈“先降后升”趋势。③在经济高质量发展水平较低地区,政策协同的产出弹性值未越过“拐点”,一定程度抑制经济高质量发展,其结论支持“遵循成本说”;然而,经济高质量发展水平较高地区其产出弹性值均越过“拐点”,随着政策协同度的增大,有效促进经济高质量发展,其结论支持“创新补偿说”。因此,为降低地区间的差异,各级政府及相关部门之间应加强合作,不断促进政策间的协同效应,提高政策组合效率,这不仅有利于生态环境改善,还能提高要素生产率和能源利用率,从而促进地区间经济高质量发展。  相似文献   

12.
南京市经济发展与环境污染关系的实证研究   总被引:27,自引:5,他引:22  
根据南京市1991~2003年经济与环境数据,分析经济发展与环境污染的相互关系,建立了南京市经济增长与环境污染水平的计量模型,进而评价了南京市的环境保护政策。研究表明:作为一个重化工业城市,南京市自20世纪90年代以来,在经济高速发展的情况下,其环境恶化程度逐步得到遏制,部分环境指标与人均GDP演替轨迹呈现显著的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征。这主要归功于南京市政府近年来有效的环境政策和巨额的环境投资。  相似文献   

13.
    
Research across several decades has mapped the way complex environmental issues with complicated policy implications are often differentially framed within the media, public, and policy agendas with major implications for how they are understood, discussed, and decided. Building on this work, this this study compared news coverage of the debate over natural gas “fracking” in New York, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina between the period 2008 and 2013. Examining state newspapers, the analysis evaluated the types of sources used, the assertions of these sources, and how the issue of fracking was framed. From a general perspective, this study reveals how differences in framing of an environmental and scientific controversy can be attributed to the locally relevant sources used in reporting, as well as the political, economic, and social factors that might be unique to a state. Specific to the debate over natural gas “fracking,” this study adds to our understanding of how such state-based factors influence the portrayal of the issue in the news media.  相似文献   

14.
利用三峡库区9个沿江测站气象要素,分析了长江航道的(三峡库区段)江面风、水温、能见度资料。就能见度强度和低能见度的时空分布特征、变化情况和航道出现典型低能见度的天气形势进行了研究。结果表明:①该航段的风向风速和水温对航行安全没有明显的影响;②能见度成为影响三峡河道航运极其重要的因素;③三峡库区航道低能见度天气存在比较明显的时空分布差异:冬季较夏季易出现影响航道安全的低能见度天气,重庆到忠县段出现低能见度的机率较大,而万州至巫山段较少出现低能见度现象;④长江航道低能见度在年际间除重庆和忠县外总体有减小的趋势,季节分布中在冬季出现最多,其次是秋季、春季,夏季最少;低能见度现象持续时间大部分在2小时以下;⑤造成长江航道低能见度出现的原因除城市环境外,主要的天气原因是由于盆地受地面冷高压控制,为阴天或阴雨天气,形成雾或雨雾。  相似文献   

15.
随着气候变化问题的日益加剧,人类社会可持续发展面临更为严峻的挑战。碳市场既是运用科斯定理解决环境外部性问题的典型实践,也是中国应对气候变化、实现碳达峰碳中和目标的重要政策工具。从2011年碳排放权交易试点工作启动,到2021年全国碳市场上线交易,中国碳市场的政策效应一直是政策制定者和学界关注的热点问题。该研究对近年来中国碳市场影响评估研究的最新文献进行了回顾,主要从环境、经济和创新三个维度进行分类文献梳理分析。研究发现:①环境效应方面,中国碳市场不仅促进了宏观、中观和微观三个层面的碳减排,还对雾霾等其他污染物产生了协同减排效应。②经济效应方面,中国碳市场总体上对区域绿色发展、能源效率提升以及企业的投资效率和经济绩效均产生了正向影响,在推动产业结构升级、促进居民就业、改善收入分配等方面也发挥了积极作用。③创新效应方面,中国碳市场可以激励企业增加创新投入,带来绿色技术创新的“量质齐升”。最后,文章从研究视角、研究内容、研究结论三个方面总结了现有研究的不足并展望了未来研究可能的方向。该研究认为,基于中国情景,未来研究可将视角拓展至碳市场的福利效应,更加重视碳市场在区域间、行业间的溢出效应,并结合中国试点碳市场的差异化制度设计,厘清制度设计与碳市场政策效应之间的内在关联,为全国碳市场的制度优化提供指引。此外,未来研究还需规范碳市场政策效应评估的研究方法,以提升碳市场影响评估研究在全国碳市场建设实践中的价值。  相似文献   

16.
中国环境政策矩阵的构建与分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
可持续发展战略要求对已有的环境政策手段进行重新评估。由世界银行提出的环境政策矩阵则是进行这种评估的成功之举。本文利用政策矩阵这一模式探讨了我国环境政策手段的构成与特点,并进而提出了创新我国环境政策手段的几点建议,以促进我国可持续发展战略的实施。  相似文献   

17.
Nuclear power plays an important but controversial role in policies to ensure domestic energy security, fuel poverty reduction and the mitigation of climate change. Our article construes the problem of nuclear power in terms of social discourse, language and public choice; specifically examining the role that metaphors play in the policy domain. We empirically analyze metaphors as framing devices in nuclear energy policy debates in the UK between April 2009 and March 2013, thereby capturing the impact of the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011. We employ documentary analysis of major UK national broadsheet and tabloid newspapers, using electronic bibliographic tools to extract the metaphors. We then map these metaphors using a Type Hierarchy Analysis, which examines how elements of the target domain (energy technologies and policies) originate from a different source domain. Type hierarchies identify and categorize metaphors, defining the affectual and emotional responses associated with them, providing us with grounded insight into their role in shaping discourse and as a consequence influence public engagement with energy policy. Our analysis highlights three emergent domains of discourse metaphors and discusses the implications of their deployment. Metaphors were found to be classified into three different categories: Rebirth (Renaissance), Devastation (Apocalypse, Inferno, Genie and Bomb) and Sickness (Addiction and Smoking).  相似文献   

18.
本文针对国内外宏观环境决策中存在的问题,阐述了以科学研究为基础的宏观环境决策支持系统的作用,分析了决策观点和思维的多样性对宏观环境决策的意义,探讨了宏观环境决策与环境基础学科建设的关系。  相似文献   

19.
    
Policy reform can be complex and fraught with contending arguments. Although much research has been conducted into the politics of coalition formation, less attention has been devoted to legitimating logics in policy reform. Drawing on the work of Boltanski and Thévenot, this exploratory study addresses this deficit by examining the influence of justifications deployed in policy debates. The paper analyses the role of shifting reasoning in contentious debates concerning attempts to reform water policy, including the introduction of domestic water charges in Ireland. Employing data from parliamentary deliberations, the paper traces the changing forms of justification used by those favouring and opposing the reforms. This examination suggests the importance of aligning an argument’s content with the shifting context into which it is introduced. The paper highlights the benefits of an investigative approach concerning policy justification for understanding policy reform dynamics at the intersection of politics and environmental communication.  相似文献   

20.
首先参照投入—产出比,利用环保财政投入占GDP比重与环境污染综合指数之比对各区域环境财政政策治污效应系数进行测算,按系数值域把中国30个省(市)分成两个区域,区域1包括北京、甘肃、贵州等19个省市,区域2包括上海、浙江、福建等11个省市。其次分析环境财政政策、环境税收政策和中国式环境分权的治污效应并分区检验,最后对中国式环境分权和经济发展水平的门槛效应进行实证检验。结果表明:环境财政政策治污效应显著,区域1财政政策取得了更好的治污效果,中国目前车船税、城市维护建设税、土地使用税、耕地占用税、资源税及排污费等\"近似\"环境税种总体治污效应不显著,中国式环境分权与污染物排放显著正相关,中国式环境分权和经济发展水平对财政政策的治污效应具有显著的门槛效应,当中国式环境分权度低于-0.164、经济发展水平低于4.174时,环境财政政策具有更好的治污效果。样本期内以中国式环境分权为门槛变量时,有安徽、广西等15%的观测值位于低门槛区域,以经济发展水平为门槛变量时,有贵州、云南等10%的观测值位于低门槛区域。中国目前的能源消费结构和工业结构是加剧环境污染的重要原因,城镇化和对外开放在一定程度上助推了高污染和高排放。鉴于此应加大环境保护财政支出,提升环保财政支出占GDP的比重,单独开征环境保护税种,中央政府适度地环境集权,全面提升环境质量。  相似文献   

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