Two-wheel tractors: Road safety issues in Laos and Cambodia

Two-wheel tractors are known by different names: iron-ox; walking tractor; Kubota; mechanical ox; ox-machine; power tiller; rotary hoe, rotary plough, rotary tiller; Rotavator, tok-tok; and so on. They are increasingly common throughout rural areas in developing countries as they replace traditional ox-carts.This paper describes two-wheel tractors, including their dual function as an interchangeable agricultural implement and transport vehicle. Then an estimation of traffic accidents and casualties in Laos and Cambodia is presented, followed by results from a survey of 100 two-wheel tractor owners in Cambodia and Laos. The survey results include how, when and where two-wheel tractors are used as vehicles; the extent of drivers’ experience with motorised vehicles; vehicle safety standards and exposure data; and the income effects of two-wheel tractor operation. This paper is of interest to transport, agricultural and rural development authorities considering promotion and regulation of mechanised agriculture with particular regard to road safety.     

Leadership, psychological capital and safety research: Conceptual issues and future research questions

In this theory-driven literature review we examine how leadership and emerging research in positive organizational behaviour (POB) may inform our understanding of human mechanisms that affect safety outcomes. According to authentic leadership theory, leader self-awareness and self-regulation processes are vital mechanisms in the leader-follower exchange. From emerging research on authentic leadership, we propose that production management values, attitudes, and behaviour are linked to safety climate and safety outcomes in safety critical organizations (SCOs). According to recent developments in management theory, “psychological capital” is comprised of four distinct aspects that can be linked to desirable organizational outcomes and sustained high quality performance in individual workers. From this we offer a research model and five research propositions implicating that authentic leadership directly affects safety outcomes via promoting positive safety climate perceptions. Furthermore, we propose a second path where psychological capital mediates the relationship between authentic leadership, safety climate and safety outcomes in SCOs.     

Measuring safety climate in aviation: A review and recommendations for the future

This paper reviews 23 studies that have examined safety climate within commercial and military aviation. The safety climate factors identified in the aviation safety climate questionnaires were found to be consistent with the literature examining safety climate in non-aviation high reliability organizations. Therefore, it was concluded that the aviation safety climate tools had some construct validity (the extent to which the questionnaire measures what it is intended to measure). However, the majority of the studies made no attempt to establish the discriminate validity (the ability of the tool to differentiate between organizations or personnel with different levels of safety performance) of the tools. It is recommended that rather than constructing more aviation safety climate questionnaires, researchers should focus on establishing the construct and discriminate validity of existing measures by correlating safety climate with other metrics of safety performance. It is recognized that the accident rate in commercial aviation is too low to provide a sufficiently sensitive measure of safety performance. However, there are other measures of safety performance, collected as part of a company’s Aviation Safety Action Program or Flight Operational Quality Assurance, which could be used to assess the discriminate validity of an aviation safety climate tool.     

抓好三个环节搞好安全生产

煤矿以安全为天.如何才能搞好安全生产呢?这是煤矿企业都在探索和实践的首要课题.     

Occupational electrical injuries in the United States, 1992-1998, and recommendations for safety research

PROBLEM: CFOI and SOII data show that 2,287 U.S. workers died and 32,807 workers sustained days away from work due to electrical shock or electrical burn injuries between 1992 and 1998. METHOD: The narrative, work activity, job title, source of injury, location, and industry for each fatal electrical accident were examined. A primary causal factor was identified for each fatality. RESULTS: Electrical fatalities were categorized into five major groups. Overall, 44% of electrical fatalities occurred in the construction industry. Contact with overhead power lines caused 41% of all electrical fatalities. DISCUSSION: Electrical shock caused 99% of fatal and 62% of nonfatal electrical accidents. Comprising about 7% of the U.S. workforce, construction workers sustain 44% of electrical fatalities. Power line contact by mobile equipment occurs in many industries and should be the subject of focused research. Other problem areas are identified and opportunities for research are proposed. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Improvements in electrical safety in one industry often have application in other industries.     

基层领导干部在安全生产监管中的作用、问题与对策

总结了基层领导干部在安全生产监管中的作用,分析了基层监管队伍建设方面存在的监管力量不足、监管手段落后、监管体制不顺、渎职现象严重等问题,并提出了针对性的对策和建议:首先要提高基层干部素质,其次要加强基层监管力量,再次要配齐基层监管装备,最后要完善考评激励机制.研究结果对增强我国基层监管队伍能力,提高安全监管水平具有参考意义.     

电梯的改造及应注意的安全问题

叙述了电梯改造的概念,意义及与大修、更新的区别,并就各种电梯改造方法提出了应该注意的安全问题.     

Smoking,belt use,and road accidents of youth in Kuwait

Youth, worldwide, are involved in a disproportionate number of road accidents, in general, and fatal accidents, in particular. Kuwait is no exception to this trend. The objectives of this funded research were to identify the trends in belt use, smoking in motion, and road accidents of young drivers in Kuwait. Findings of a person-interview questionnaire survey of 1467 randomly selected young drivers in Kuwait are presented. The socio-economic, driving experience, belt use, smoking behaviour, and road accident involvements of the sample young drivers are given. The interrelationships between the socio-economic, belt use, smoking behaviour, and road traffic accidents are also examined. Degrees of association between these variables are determined, and the extent of potential contribution of smoking-in-motion to causes of road accidents is also determined. Young female drivers were found to be generally safer drivers than their young male counterparts; those who smoked while driving used seat belt less, and had a higher involvement rate in road traffic accidents. A number of recommended measures for the improvement of road safety in Kuwait end the paper.     

煤矿安全生产面临的问题及对策

我国是煤矿生产大国,煤炭资源在我国一次能源中占有重大比例。由于工作环境的复杂性以及多变性,煤矿生产一直是一个高危行业。随着煤矿科技水平的提高,煤矿事故得到了一定程度的遏制,但在煤矿开采和生产过程中,各种事故仍有发生,造成了重大的人员伤亡和经济损失,严重阻碍了煤矿的安全、高效生产,并对社会造成了不良影响,这使得煤矿安全问题尤为突出。文章针对近年来发生的几起大型矿难,从自然条件、生产条件、科技投入、管理水平、安全培训五方面分析了我国煤矿生产面临的问题,指出了当前煤矿生产存在的安全隐患,并提出了预防和减少煤矿事故的具体措施,为今后煤矿的生产管理提供技术参考及依据。     

Student and faculty issues in distance education occupational safety and health graduate programs

PROBLEM: There is increasing interest in delivering degree programs without requiring students to attend traditional classroom-based classes. There are many differences between classroom and distance courses that must be addressed to have effective distance programs. METHOD: Occupational safety and health faculty and occupational safety and health professionals were surveyed to determine the need for graduate occupational safety and health programs, delivered by means of distance education, and the best means to deliver the program from the perspective of faculty and working occupational safety and health professionals. RESULTS: Adequate time is the largest problem issue for potential students and the distance student's needs must be considered when developing program policies and procedures. Faculty must be sufficiently trained in pedagogy, technology, and communications so that they have the same comfort level with this method of instruction as they do for the more familiar classroom, and technical and instructional support personnel need to be readily available to work with the faculty and support course development. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Findings indicate that there is interest in a distance education-based program and it is believed that industry will be positively impacted as educational opportunities expand for working professionals.     

安全系统涌现性模型构建及核心问题研究

为促进安全科学基础理论发展,基于安全问题中蕴含的系统涌现思想,开展安全系统涌现性研究.首先,经辩证分析提取安全科学理论中蕴含的涌现思想,定义安全系统涌现性并建立概念模型;其次,降维分析安全系统复杂性,从多视角剖析涌现性概念;然后,提出安全系统涌现性研究的核心问题与研究方向,并总结其对安全科学研究的意义;最后,从涌现性角...     

我国道路交通安全管理主要问题分析及对策研究

根据近几年来我国道路安全状况的实际,针对目前我国道路交通安全管理的现状,本文对我国道路基础设施建设、我国道路交通安全管理现状和近几年的事故数据进行了分析,找出我国道路交通安全管理中存在的问题,并提出了针对这些问题的解决方法.     

冶金系统铁路运输存在的安全问题及对策

指出了冶金系统铁路运输的特点,分析了冶金铁路运输中存在的安全问题,提出了预防措施。     

我国道路交通安全管理主要问题分析及对策研究

根据近几年来我国道路安全状况的实际，针对目前我国道路交通安全管理的现状，本文对我国道路基础设施建设、我国道路交通安全管理现状和近几年的事故数据进行了分析，找出我国道路交通安全管理中存在的问题，并提出了针对这些问题的解决方法。     

乡镇企业锅炉安全管理的几个问题

指出了乡镇企业锅炉管理存在的问题,针对这些问题提出了预防措施。     

浅析我国建筑安全管理存在的问题及对策

建筑行业安全生产事故频发,死伤众多,不仅影响了经济发展和社会稳定,而且损害了党、政府和我国改革开放的形象。从目前建筑安全生产状况来看,无论是管理部门的监督管理还是建筑企业的内部管理,都存在着一些亟待解决的问题。这些问题直接影响甚至制约着建筑安全工作的发展,必须加以改进。本文首先提出我国当前建筑安全管理存在的主要问题,分别从国家、建筑企业、建筑工人三个方面进行分析;然后针对这些问题提出我国建筑安全管理的对策。     

航空事故调查中人的因素安全建议框架研究

对航空事故中人的不安全行为进行了系统分析,将失误划分为感知失误、记忆失误、决策失误、技能失误4个类别,将违章划分为习惯性违章和偶然性违章。将人的因素干预维度确定为组织管理、人/团队、技术、任务和环境。针对不安全行为制定相应的初步改进措施后,还需从措施的可行性、可接受性、经济性和有效性4个方面进行综合评估和取舍。实证研究表明,人的因素干预矩阵是制定安全建议的有效工具,该框架具备良好的适用性。     

建筑工地消防安全问题分析与对策

建筑工地的消防安全问题一直以来是社会关注的热点,文章分析了建筑工地存在的消防安全管理问题,提出了管理措施和对策。首先,建立健全消防安全制度,逐级落实消防安全责任;加强对建筑职工的消防安全教育培训和管理,提高消防安全意识;严格建筑工地施工期间的消防安全管理,加强消防安全防范措施;重点分析了对建筑外墙保温材料的选择使用和监督管理。对当前建筑工地的消防安全管理具有一定的指导意义。     

社会化管理下的高校学生公寓消防安全问题浅析

学生公寓社会化管理是近些年教育改革中产生的新情况.通过分析某高校社会化管理以来学生公寓火灾的特点、火灾成因、火灾损失等情况,剖析了社会化管理下高校学生公寓存在的消防安全问题.讨论并提出了改变观念重视学生公寓消防安全、对学生公寓管理人员进行系统的消防知识培训、改善学生的住宿条件、加强对学生进行消防常识宣传和消防法制教育、在高校宿舍推广安装智能供电限电装置、推行火灾和公众责任保险制度等社会化管理下的高校公寓火灾预防和消防管理工作对策.     

Attributes of occupational injury among workers in the chemical industry and safety issues.

Case-study research was carried out with a view to find the attributes of occupational injury among workers in the chemical industry and to enhance safety issues. Injury data were collected and processed in terms of different variables, such as age, gender, skills, type of hazard, etc. Pareto analysis was then applied to find a pattern of occupational injury among the workers. The study revealed that 79.52% of the injured workers were in the 40-59 age group; 57.14% of accidents occurred during the 1st shift; 73.26% of accidents caused injury to hands, feet, chest to thigh, arms and eyes; and 70.93% of injuries were caused by pumps, carrying and lifting, vehicles, pipelines, valves, and grinding. Surprisingly, no one was injured in the group of temporary workers. The paper also provides specific suggestions followed by some action plans.