综合调水对苏州河周边水系水质影响的数值模拟

进行长期有效的水资源综合调度是实现2010年苏州河河水变清的综合整治目标的一项重要措施。为进一步论证该项措施对周边水系的水质影响,为综合调水提供科学的决策依据,利用MIKE11模型系统建立了上海市苏州河水系的水动力、水质模型,进行苏州河综合调水对黄浦江以及蕴藻浜水质的影响作用的数值模拟。分析表明,苏州河综合调水对松浦大桥取水口水质基本没有影响,并可以在一定程度上改善黄浦江干流中下游河段的水质;东引北排初期会增加蕴藻浜干流的污染负荷,持续调水6d后蕴藻浜干流河段的水质将得到改善。     

黄浦江水质的模糊数学综合评价研究

在黄浦江的水质综合评价中,采用基于加权平均模型的模糊数学综合评价法进行评价,取得了良好的效果。研究结果表明,黄浦江水质基本属于Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水,偏Ⅳ类。并尝试采用SPSS统计软件进行多元统计分析,深入探讨各污染指标之间的相互关系,更好地了解黄浦江水质的污染特性。通过SPSS统计软件的相关分析结果表明,所选择的7项污染指标是有代表性的。     

黄浦江上游水源地工程启动

正黄浦江上游水源地闵奉原水支线工程日前开工,标志着上海市四大水源地之一的黄浦江上游水源地工程建设正式启动。据了解,为上海市民供水的主要有四大水源地,包括东风西沙水库、青草沙水库、陈行水库和黄浦江上游水源地。除了黄浦江上游水源地外,其他3个     

着生藻类在苏州河黄浦江水质监测中的应用

对苏州河和黄浦江两条河流7个样点着生藻类进行了1年的动态研究,比较分析了2条河流着生藻类种类、数量、密度、多样性指数和优势种的变化情况,并且采用Palmer提出的20属耐受污染藻类的污染指数值求出水体的总污染指数。分析结果表明,苏州河和黄浦江的着生藻类主要为硅藻,各月各样点藻类的总污染指数分别为29、32,水质状况均是重度有机污染。     

上海黄浦江上游典型抗生素来源及分布污染特征研究

利用固相萃取、高效液相色谱/质谱法调查了两类6种典型抗生素(四环素、土霉素、金霉素、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑)在黄浦江上游的含量、来源、空间和时间分布特征。结果显示,在黄浦江上游的两条主要支流的11个采样点中均有抗生素检出,四环素类抗生素(包括四环素、土霉素和金霉素)平均值合计为34.25~211.82 ng/L,磺胺类抗生素(包括磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑)合计为3.11~5.83 ng/L。黄浦江上游支流附近畜牧养殖场及医药厂对附近支流的抗生素浓度影响大。支流中下游磺胺类污染浓度比上游高。四环素类抗生素浓度随黄浦江上游从丰水期到枯水期逐渐变高,而磺胺类抗生素在每个采样时间点较稳定。四环素是黄浦江上游的主要污染抗生素,对上游的水体环境有潜在风险。     

万家寨引黄北干线桑干河道输水水质模拟与控制

主要对采用河道输水方案的山西万家寨引黄北干线桑干河道水质进行模拟与控制研究,依据各水体特性建立河流水质数值模型和水库数值模型,运用系统分解方法将整个研究河道分解为若干个河段,并采用情景分析方法生成3个水质模拟情景,分析模拟结果表明,在山阴取水口和怀仁取水口水质达地表水Ⅲ类标准条件下,册田水库的入水水质不达标。应用反演思想生成2个水质控制情景和3个子情景,在水库出水口水质达标的情况下,分析确定沿河各排污口的污染物排放控制量,给出了保证册田水库水质安全的控制方法。     

黄浦江上游水源保护区污染源异标污染负荷评价分析

引入异标污染负荷的概念 ,以使被划分为执行不同排放标准地带的地区能进行各类污染源和各种污染物相对污染严重程度的比较。采用异标污染评价法对黄浦江上游水源保护区排入水体的点污染源进行了评价 ,并与用等标污染评价法评价的结果进行了比较。异标污染评价的结果表明 ,黄浦江上游水源保护区内排入水体的主要的点污染源是居民生活污染源 ,主要的污染物是 CODCr。     

可视化黄浦江水环境数学模型系统设计与开发

随着信息技术的高速发展,传统的水环境数学模型与数据库技术、GIS技术、可视化编程工具紧密结合,水环境数学模型的可视化是其发展的一个重要趋势,也是开发水环境决策支持系统和水环境数学模型商业软件的重要基础。对可视化水环境数学模型的设计框架进行了初步探讨,并结合自主开发的可视化黄浦江二维水环境数学模型系统,介绍可视化水环境数学模型的设计与开发。     

工业废水中有机氟的测定

一、引 言 上海高校协作组承担了黄浦江水质污染的监测与治理任务。在对黄浦江上游吴泾工业区水质的监测中提出了工业废水中有机氟的分析课题。关于氟污染的分析,国内外多是进行植物中含氟量,人体中血氟、尿氟、骨氟和水质、土壤、空气中氟离子的测定,而对工业废水中有机氟的测定未见报道。本文对工业废水中有机氟的测定作了初步探索,即用液-液萃取法或大孔树脂吸附法对废水中的有机氟进行富集,再用氧瓶法分解,最后用离子选择电极法测定。本方法对模拟水样、实验室废水及工业废水中的有机     

黄浦江中上游地区等标污染负荷面积比的评价分析

引入等标污染负荷面积比的概念 ,以使面积大小不同的子区域能进行相对污染严重程度的比较。采用等标污染负荷面积比的评价法 ,对黄浦江中上游地区排入水体的点污染源进行了评价 ,并与用等标污染评价法评价的结果进行了比较。等标污染负荷面积比评价的结果表明 ,黄浦江中上游地区各个区排入水体点污染源污染大小的排序为青浦、松江、奉贤、金山、闵行。     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of spring and stream water chemistry in a high-mountain area

The present study deals with the application of the self-organizing map (SOM) technique in the exploration of spatiotemporal dynamics of spring and stream water samples collected in the Chocho?owski Stream Basin located in the Tatra Mountains (Poland). The SOM-based classification helped to uncover relationships between physical and chemical parameters of water samples and factors determining the quality of water in the studied high-mountain area. In the upper part of the Chocho?owski Stream Basin, located on the top of the crystalline core of the Tatras, concentrations of the majority of ionic substances were the lowest due to limited leaching. Significantly higher concentration of ionic substances was detected in spring and stream samples draining sedimentary rocks. The influence of karst-type springs on the quality of stream water was also demonstrated.     

Temporal and spatial variations in the relationship between urbanization and water quality

With the development of economy, most of Chinese cities are at the stage of rapid urbanization in recent years, which has caused many environmental problems, especially the serious deterioration of water quality. Therefore, the research of the relationship between urbanization and water quality has important theoretical and practical significance, and it is also the main restriction factor in the urbanization advancement. In this work, we investigated the impact of urbanization on the water quality of the nearby river. We established a comprehensive environmental assessment framework by combining urbanization and water quality, and one model was designed to examine the impact of urbanization on the water quality in Jinan from 2001 to 2010 with factor component analysis. The assessment of urbanization level was accomplished using a comprehensive index system, which was based on four aspects: demographic urbanization, economic urbanization, land urbanization, and social urbanization. In addition, synthetic pollution index method was utilized to assess the water pollution of Xiaoqing River in the study area. Through the analysis of regression curves, we conclude that (1) when the urbanization level is below 25 %, the relationship is low and irregular; (2) if the urbanization level varies between 25 and 40 %, there will be an irreversible degradation of stream water quality; (3) there is a positive correlation between urbanization and pollution levels of urban river after the adjustment period; and (4) land and demographic aspects have the highest independent contribution. This study is a useful reference for policymakers in terms of economic and environmental management.     

Changes in water quality of treated sewage effluents by their receiving environments in Tablas de Daimiel National Park,Spain

The Tablas de Daimiel National Park (TDNP), a floodplain wetland located in the Upper Guadiana Basin (central Spain), receives pollution from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharging their treated sewage effluents (TSEs) to tributary channels to the wetland. The TSEs suffer transformations on their way to the TDNP, but the water quality is controlled only at the point of discharge. In this work, we analyse the change in water quality of the TSE from four urban WWTPs in the surroundings of the TDNP (Alcázar de San Juan, Daimiel, Manzanares and Villarrubia de los Ojos towns). The water samples were taken at the outlet of the plants and in the receiving environments, to analyse the water quality transformation of the TSE. The different discharge configurations of each WWTP have been related with the water quality transformation of their TSE, to interpret the influence of the hydro-geomorphology in the improvement or deterioration of the water quality of TSE. We found that the discharge of TSE into slow flow channels with macrophyte vegetation facilitates water self-purification but, with time, the accumulation of sludge in the beds of the effluents tends to be the cause of the deterioration of the water quality.     

粉末活性炭强化常规处理工艺时混凝效能的研究

在水源水质突然变差时,为了保证饮用水水质和水厂的经济低耗运行。以松花江水为原水,采用不同投量的粉末活性炭(PAC)来强化常规处理工艺,通过实验考察了硫酸铝(AS)、聚合氯化铝(PACl)、复合铝铁（PAF）及后2种混凝剂分别与助凝剂高锰酸盐复合药剂（PPC）、活化硅酸配合使用时对浊度和COD_Mn的去除情况。实验结果表明：（1）在进水水质相同的情况下,以浊度和COD_Mn为控制指标,达到同样的处理效果时,制水成本比较的结果为PAF相似文献   

Effects of clearfelling on stream and soil water aluminium chemistry in three UK forests

Data are presented demonstrating how clearfelling has changed soil and stream water aluminium chemistry. For soil waters, a strong empirical relationship was observed between inorganic aluminium (Al(inorg)) and total inorganic anion (TIA) concentrations. Before felling, chloride and sulphate accounted for the largest proportion of the TIA concentration. After felling, in soils where nitrification was active, nitrate became increasingly important. Where this led to an increase in TIA, Al(inorg) concentrations increased. Over five years, nitrate concentrations have fallen, along with TIA, resulting in a sympathetic decline in Al(inorg). Streams draining clearfelled areas initially became more acid, although chloride and sulphate concentrations decreased. Stream water nitrate concentrations increased soon after felling and remained higher than controls for up to four years. While nitrate concentrations were high, Al(inorg) remained unchanged. Subsequently, as nitrate and TIA decreased, Al(inorg) also declined to concentrations below those in the control stream. Clearfelling upland forests will not necessarily result in immediate improvements in water quality, although long-term benefits may be seen before canopy-closure of the next crop.     

A coupling methodology of the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight theory for assessing coastal water quality

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rapid economic development in coastal areas has gradually increased the risk of coastal water quality deterioration. The assessment methods of coastal...     

Analysis of the palladium response relationship of a receiving water body under multiple scenario changes in rainfall-runoff pollution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urban rainfall-runoff pollution is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the receiving water quality. In this study, the lower reaches of...     

Spatial scale and seasonal dependence of land use impacts on riverine water quality in the Huai River basin,China

Land use pattern is an effective reflection of anthropic activities, which are primarily responsible for water quality deterioration. A detailed understanding of relationship between water quality and land use is critical for effective land use management to improve water quality. Linear mixed effects and multiple regression models were applied to water quality data collected from 2003 to 2010 from 36 stations in the Huai River basin together with topography and climate data, to characterize the land use impacts on water quality and their spatial scale and seasonal dependence. The results indicated that the influence of land use categories on specific water quality parameter was multiple and varied with spatial scales and seasons. Land use exhibited strongest association with dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentrations at entire watershed scale and with total phosphorus (TP) and fluoride concentrations at finer scales. However, the spatial scale, at which land use exerted strongest influence on instream chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels, varied with seasons. In addition, land use composition was responsible for the seasonal pattern observed in contaminant concentrations. COD, NH₃-N, and fluoride generally peaked during dry seasons in highly urbanized regions and during rainy seasons in less urbanized regions. High proportion of agricultural and rural areas was associated with high nutrient contamination risk during spring. The results highlight the spatial scale and seasonal dependence of land use impacts on water quality and can provide scientific basis for scale-specific land management and seasonal contamination control.     

扬水曝气技术在水源水质改善中的应用

扬水曝气技术是新开发的水质改善技术,用于混合上下水层、控制藻类生长、增加水体溶解氧、抑制底泥污染物释放.将该技术应用于某水源地,其提水效率达到同类设备--同温层曝气器的两倍;控制了水体表层的藻类数量,抑制了藻类的生长,将藻类叶绿素a含量降低了13.96%.扬水曝气技术的适用条件:用于控制藻类生长时,水深应不小于10 m;用于抑制底泥污染物释放时,水体应存在溶解氧小于1～2 mg/L的厌氧条件.     

Estimation of thyroid doses and health risks resulting from the intake of radioactive iodine in foods and drinking water by the citizens of Tokyo after the Fukushima nuclear accident

The release of radioactive materials from the Fukushima nuclear power plant after the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011 poses health risks. In this study, the intake of iodine 131 (I-131) in drinking water and foods (milk, dairy products, and vegetables) by citizens of Tokyo was estimated. The effects of countermeasures (restrictions on the distribution of foods and the distribution of bottled water for infants) on reducing intake were also evaluated. The average thyroid equivalent doses without countermeasures from 21 March 2011 were 0.42 mSv in adults, 1.49 mSv in children, and 2.08 mSv in infants. Those with countermeasures were 0.28, 0.97, and 1.14 mSv respectively, reductions of 33%, 35%, and 45%. Drinking water contributed more to intake by adults and children than foods. The intake of I-131 within the first 2 weeks was more than 80% of the estimated intake, owing to its short half-life, indicating that rapid countermeasures are important in reducing intake. The average risks of cancer incidence and mortality due to I-131 for infants were estimated to be 3 × 10⁻⁵ and 0.2 × 10⁻⁵, respectively, lower than the annual risks of traffic accidents, naturally occurring radioactive material (potassium 40), and environmental pollutants such as diesel exhaust particles.