一株对硝基苯酚降解菌的筛选鉴定及其降解特性

从受甲基对硫磷污染的土壤中分离筛选得到一株能够以对硝基苯酚(PNP)作为唯一碳源、氮源生长的菌株,命名为TM.经16S rDNA序列分析初步鉴定该菌株为节杆菌(Arthrobacter).考察了该菌株在PNP浓度、盐度(NaCl)、pH、外加碳源(葡萄糖)、外加氮源等因素下对PNP降解特性的影响.结果表明:该菌株对PNP的最大耐受质量浓度为300 mg/L,并在降解的过程中生成NO2-该菌株的耐盐能力可达0.30％(质量分数),其最佳pH为8.在此pH下,200 mg/L的PNP在16h时即可被完全降解,添加0.30％(质量分数)的葡萄糖可使生物量和降解速率达到最大,牛肉膏作为外加氮源最有利于该菌株对PNP的降解.     

卡马西平降解菌的筛选分离及其降解机理

药品污染物日益成为新兴污染物研究的重点,药品卡马西平因具有多种药效被广泛使用,在环境中频繁被检出,且浓度较高,不易去除,通常作为环境中药品污染状况的指示化合物。本研究从长期用于去除药品废水的曝气生物滤池中分离出一株细菌YK-6,其能以卡马西平为惟一碳源、氮源和能源生长,通过生理生化以及16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定并命名为Pseudomonas putida YK-6。该菌株YK-6在pH为7.2、温度30℃、卡马西平初始浓度为20 mg/L、摇床振荡速率为160 r/min的生长条件下培养5 d,对卡马西平的降解率可达54.66%。菌株YK-6对卡马西平的可能降解途径为首先通过生物的氧化作用,将CBZ氧化成CBZ-EP,CBZ-EP经过水解作用转化为CBZ-DiOH,CBZ-DiOH经丙酮酸氧化脱羧及在NADH还原性辅酶的作用下,裂解成苯胺和邻苯甲酸,苯胺和邻苯甲酸再经进一步氧化,直至最终矿化。     

油污土中降解柴油细菌的分离鉴定及降解能力研究

从所采集柴油污染土壤样品中富集、分离得到柴油降解优势菌株,命名为B-3和B-4.根据其生理生化性质及16S rDNA序列比对分析,确定2株菌分别属于Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.).由于实验中,B-3的生长曲线较特殊,故以B-3和典型石油烃降解菌假单...     

Isolation and characterization of a diverse group of phenylacetic acid degrading microorganisms from pristine soil

A diverse range of microorganisms capable of growth on phenylacetic acid as the sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from soil. Sixty six different isolates were identified and grouped according to 16S rRNA gene RFLP analysis. Subsequent sequencing of 16S rDNA from selected strains allowed further characterization of the phenylacetic acid degrading population isolated from soil. Nearly half (30) of the isolates are Bacillus species while the rest of the isolates are strains from a variety of genera namely, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, and Paenibacillus. Sixty-one of the sixty-six strains reproducibly grew in defined minimal liquid culture medium (E2). All strains isolated grew when at least one hydroxylated derivative of phenylacetic acid was supplied as the carbon source, while 59 out of the 61 strains tested, accumulated ortho-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the assay buffer; when pulsed with phenylacetic acid. Oxygen consumption experiments failed to indicate a clear link between phenylacetic acid and hydroxy-substituted phenylacetic acid in isolates from a broad range of genera.     

石油污染土壤的植物与微生物修复技术

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术具有成本低、简便高效、对环境影响小等优点,正逐步成为石油污染治理研究的热点领域,具有广阔的发展前景.介绍了我国的石油污染概况及生物修复技术在石油污染治理中的应用,重点对石油污染土壤的微生物修复、植物修复、植物一微生物联合修复技术的研究进展及各自的优点、局限性进行了综述,并提出了石油污染土壤生物修复技术研究的重点领域.     

石油污染土壤中高效石油烃降解菌Y-16的筛选及其降解性能

通过富集和驯化培养从石油污染的土样中筛选出一株高效石油烃降解菌Y-16,其对胜利原油7 d降解率达到51.98%。在好氧条件下,对Y-16菌株的最优降解条件进行了探索,结果表明,在pH值8.0,温度30℃,接种量10%,摇床转数160 r/m in和3 000~7 000 mg/L的底物浓度下,Y-16菌株的最高降解率可达到60.34%。通过Y-16菌株对石油烃降解规律的探索,发现Y-16菌株对石油烃的降解符合一级反应动力学模型。     

污染场地不同深度土壤有机-矿质复合体中有机氯农药的分布

采用物理方法将某农药厂土壤分成4种粒径的有机-矿质复合体组分,粘粒、粉粒、细砂和粗砂,研究有机氯农药在土壤不同有机-矿质复合体组分中的分布特征及有机质含量对污染物质赋存分布的影响。结果表明,粉粒组分中污染物质六六六含量较高,粘粒组分中滴滴涕含量较高。粘粒和粉粒组分中污染物质的含量与相应的有机质含量间呈现显著相关关系,而在细砂和粗砂中这种相关性不显著。lgKoc值与污染物质含量的相关性分析结果与有机质的相关性分析结果相似。有机质可能是影响场地土壤有机氯农药分布的重要因素之一。本研究的结果可为污染场地的风险控制和环境修复提供基础依据。     

Isolation and characterization of cyromazine degrading Acinetobacter sp. ZX01 from a Chinese ginger cultivated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyromazine, a symmetrical triazine insecticide, is used to control dipteran larvae in chicken manure by feeding to the poultry, flies on animals, and...     

Surfactant-enhanced biodegradation of crude oil by mixed bacterial consortium in contaminated soil

This study evaluated the effects of two surfactants (i.e., Tween 80 and SDS) on biodegradation of crude oil by mixed bacterial consortium in soil-aqueous system. The mixed bacterial consortium was domesticated from the activated sludge of cooking plant through a progressive domestication process. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Rhodanobacter sp. was the dominant bacteria. The higher CMC_eff value for two surfactants was observed in soil-aqueous system compared with that in aqueous system, which was likely due to their adsorption onto soil particles. Either Tween 80 or SDS can be utilized as carbon source and promote the growth of mixed bacterial consortium. Further findings evidenced that the degradation of crude oil can be enhanced by adding either Tween 80 or SDS. The performance of Tween 80 was generally superior to SDS for the crude oil degradation. The highest crude oil degradation efficiency was 42.2 and 31.0% under the conditions of 5 CMC_eff of Tween 80 and 2 CMC_eff of SDS, respectively. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency of crude oil in remediation experiment (i.e., 77%) evidenced that the integration of adding Tween 80 and inoculating mixed bacterial consortium was effective for crude oil-contaminated soil decontamination.     

微生物菌剂对石油污染土壤的修复研究

在油田周围普遍存在着土壤盐渍化和石油污染双重问题.为了修复胜利油田周围的污染土壤,采取了淡水压盐、土壤翻耕、添加菌剂和营养盐等措施,测定了在修复过程中的水溶性盐、微生物、脱氢酶、石油含量等变化.结果表明,在修复过程中微生物数目、脱氢酶和石油降解率具有相关性,修复初期,三者均处于较高水平,随后微生物数目减少,脱氢酶活性降...     

含油污泥中石油降解菌的分离及其降解特性

从渤海油田含油污泥中分离出3株石油烃降解菌,通过16S rRNA基因序列鉴定RS1、RS2和RS3分别为棒状杆菌、短杆菌和假单胞菌。经单因素实验确定,3株细菌对石油的最适降解条件分别为37℃、盐度3%、pH 8;32℃、盐度1%、pH 8;42℃、盐度1%、pH 6。降解实验结果表明,3株细菌30 d内对含油污泥中总石油烃的降解率分别为39.69%、31.13%和53.29%,而混合菌的降解效果明显高于单一菌株,降解率为58.08%;不同菌株对原油中不同组分的降解能力不同,其中,RS1对饱和烃的降解率最高,达20.74%,RS3对芳香烃的降解率最高,达到8.08%;GC-MS分析表明,混合菌对n-C12~n-C34等正构烷烃均有明显降解,且对萘、苊、屈和苯并[b]荧蒽等多环芳烃的降解能力较强。     

多环芳烃污染土壤的植物与微生物修复研究进展

概括介绍了多环芳烃污染土壤的植物修复、微生物修复和植物 微生物联合修复的原理、优缺点、影响因素及国内外研究进展 ,并对生物修复的未来发展进行了展望     

Bioremediation and reclamation of soil contaminated with petroleum oil hydrocarbons by exogenously seeded bacterial consortium: a pilot-scale study

Purpose  

Spillage of petroleum hydrocarbons causes significant environmental pollution. Bioremediation is an effective process to remediate petroleum oil contaminant from the ecosystem. The aim of the present study was to reclaim a petroleum oil-contaminated soil which was unsuitable for the cultivation of crop plants by using petroleum oil hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortium.     

Monitoring microbial community in a subsurface soil contaminated with hydrocarbons by quinone profile

A natural attenuation experiment was carried out using a lysimeter for 308 days after contaminating the subsoil with hydrocarbons (HCs) and the changes in the structures of microbial community in the hydrocarbon (HC) contaminated subsoil were monitored by quinone profile analysis. The residues of HCs remained for 217 days in the subsoil after the contamination. The amount of total quinones (TQ), an indicator of microbial biomass, significantly increased in the HC contaminated subsoil for 217 days, comparing with that of the background subsoil or the subsoil before the addition of HCs. The major quinone species and the quinone composition, indicators of community structure, were significantly different between the HC contaminated soil and the background soil for 217 days. The major increased quinine species in the HC contaminated soil were menaquinone-8(H4), menaquinone-9(H2) and ubiquinone-9, indicating the propagation of Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content and gamma-subclass of Proteobacteria and fungi. There was no significant difference in the diversity of the quinone species (DQ), an indicator of taxonomic diversity of microbial community, except for the decrease in DQ in the shallow subsoil after 35 days when a high concentration of HCs was detected. After 308 days when the HCs in the subsoil disappeared, TQ returned to the level of the background soil, and no significant difference in quinone composition were observed between the HC contaminated soil and the background soil. The results suggested that respiratory quinones are effective biomarkers for characterizing the temporal changes of microbial community in the HC contaminated subsoil.     

土壤镉胁迫下菲降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

以菲和镉为供试物,对沈抚灌区土壤中土著菌进行筛选试验,筛选出一株菲降解菌,命名为W.J,同时测定在不同浓度镉胁迫下,菲为单一碳源时W.J的生长情况.结果表明,在镉胁迫下W.J对菲具有一定的降解能力,镉30 mg/L时,60 h时菲降解率在65%以上.16s rDNA测序比对发现,W.J与Alcaligenes(产碱杆菌属)同源性最高,为99%.通过对W.J生长曲线的测定,发现其对数生长期为0～20 h,这为W.J菌株保存提供了一定的前提条件.高浓度镉在W.J的生长后期对其有明显的毒理效应.     

Isolation and characterization of an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 capable of degrading DDTs under aerobic conditions

In this study, an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 that can effectively degrade dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethanes (DDTs) under aerobic conditions was isolated from DDTs-contaminated sediment. Various factors that affect the biodegradation of DDTs by DG-5 were investigated. About 88 %, 65 % and 45 % of the total DDTs were consumed within 120 h when their initial concentrations were 0.5, 5 and 15 mg L^?1, respectively. However, almost no degradation was observed when their concentration was increased to 30 mg L^?1, but the addition of nutrients significantly improved the degradation, and 66 % and 90 % of the total DDTs were degraded at 336 h in the presence of 5 g L^?1 peptone and yeast extract, respectively. Moreover, the addition of 20 mM formate also enhanced the ability of DG-5 to transform DDTs, and its DDT transformation capacity (T_c) value was increased by 1.8 - 2.7 fold for the pure (p,p’-DDT or o,p’-DDT only) and mixed systems (p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDD and p,p’-DDE). Furthermore, it was found that competitive inhibition in the biodegradation by DDT compounds occurred in the mixed system.     

Isolation and characterization of an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 capable of degrading DDTs under aerobic conditions

In this study, an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 that can effectively degrade dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethanes (DDTs) under aerobic conditions was isolated from DDTs-contaminated sediment. Various factors that affect the biodegradation of DDTs by DG-5 were investigated. About 88 %, 65 % and 45 % of the total DDTs were consumed within 120 h when their initial concentrations were 0.5, 5 and 15 mg L?1, respectively. However, almost no degradation was observed when their concentration was increased to 30 mg L?1, but the addition of nutrients significantly improved the degradation, and 66 % and 90 % of the total DDTs were degraded at 336 h in the presence of 5 g L?1 peptone and yeast extract, respectively. Moreover, the addition of 20 mM formate also enhanced the ability of DG-5 to transform DDTs, and its DDT transformation capacity (T(c)) value was increased by 1.8 - 2.7 fold for the pure (p,p'-DDT or o,p'-DDT only) and mixed systems (p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE). Furthermore, it was found that competitive inhibition in the biodegradation by DDT compounds occurred in the mixed system.     

Influence of root-exudates concentration on pyrene degradation and soil microbial characteristics in pyrene contaminated soil

The effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root-exudates concentration on pyrene degradation and the microbial ecological characteristics in the pyrene contaminated soil was investigated by simulating a gradually reducing concentration of root exudates with the distance away from root surface in the rhizosphere. Results showed that, after the root-exudates were added 15 d, the pyrene residue in contaminated soil responded nonlinearly in the soils with the same pyrene contaminated level as the added root-exudates concentration increased, which decreased first and increased latter with the increase of the added root-exudates concentration. The lowest pyrene concentration appeared when the root exudates concentration of 32.75 mg kg(-1) total organic carbon (TOC) was added. At the same time, changes of microbial biomass carbon (MBC, C(mic)) and microbial quotient (C(mic)/C(org)) were opposite to the trend of pyrene degradation as the added root-exudates concentration increased. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis revealed that bacteria was the dominating microbial community in pyrene contaminated soil, and the changing trends of pyrene degradation and bacteria number were the same. The changing trend of endoenzyme-dehydrogenase activity was in accordance with that of soil microbe, indicating which could reflect the quantitative characteristic of detoxification to pyrene by soil microbe. The changes in the soils microbial community and corresponding microbial biochemistry characteristics were the ecological mechanism influencing pyrene degradation with increasing concentration of the added root-exudates in the pyrene contaminated soil.     

Removal of methyl parathion from water by electrochemically generated Fenton's reagent

The electro-Fenton process was used to assess the degradation of methyl parathion (MP) in aqueous solutions. This oxidation process allows the production of hydroxyls radicals which react on the organic compounds, leading to their mineralization. Degradation experiments were performed either in perchloric, sulphuric, hydrochloric and nitric acid media under current controlled electrolysis conditions at different pH. The pH effect as well as the nature of the medium (i.e., the nature of the ions present in medium) on the degradation and mineralization efficiency were studied. The mineralization of the initial pollutant was investigated by total organic carbon measurements which show a complete mineralization at pH 3 in perchloric medium. The absolute rate constant of MP hydroxylation reaction was determined as (4.20+/-0.11)x10(9)M(-1)s(-1). Complete degradation of MP and its metabolites occur in less than 45min. Degradation reaction intermediates such as aromatic compounds, carboxylic acids and inorganic ions were identified and a mineralization pathway is proposed.     

Impact of electrokinetic remediation on microbial communities within PCP contaminated soil

Electrokinetic techniques have been used to stimulate the removal of organic pollutants within soil, by directing contaminant migration to where remediation may be more easily achieved. The effect of this and other physical remediation techniques on the health of soil microbial communities has been poorly studied and indeed, largely ignored. This study reports the impact on soil microbial communities during the application of an electric field within ex situ laboratory soil microcosms contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP; 100mg kg(-1) oven dry soil). Electrokinetics reduced counts of culturable bacteria and fungi, soil microbial respiration and carbon substrate utilisation, especially close to the acidic anode where PCP accumulated (36d), perhaps exacerbated by the greater toxicity of PCP at lower soil pH. There is little doubt that a better awareness of the interactions between soil electrokinetic processes and microbial communities is key to improving the efficacy and sustainability of this remediation strategy.