连续采样和间断采样监测大气中SO2平均浓度的研究

本文通过对连续采样和间断采样监测大气ＳＯ２浓度的对比实验数据进行分析，认为２４ｈ逐时间断采样的ＳＯ２浓度平均值和连续采样的ＳＯ２日平均浓度之间没有偏差，而几个时刻间断采样的平均值与连续值采样的日平均浓度存在显著性差异。     

浅谈矿山水质监测采样的质量保证

本从采样前的调查研究和资料收集,采样时间和频率的确定,以及采样容器和样品的保存等方面介绍了矿山水质监测采样的质量保证措施。     

人工采样测定水土流失量的准确性

人工采样测定水土流失量的准确性Ｍ．Ａ．Ｚｏｂｉｓｃｈ；Ｐ．Ｋｌｉｎｇｓｐｏｒ，Ａ．Ｒ．Ｏｄｕｏｒ近年来，研究水土流失状况一般都采用径流实验场进行实验，但多数实验场，特别是发展中国家的实验场由于记录和采样设备费用较昂贵仍采用手工方式进行监测和采样。如果...     

大型水库水质监测采样和溶解氧的测定

本文选用两种水质采样器，在升钟水库对比采样监测，对大型水库水质监测采样和溶解氧的测定进行讨论。证明一大型水库水质监测采样适宜采样器类型，以及溶解氧水样现场测定的好处。     

污染源水质监测采样需关注的几个方面

环境监测数据要反映污染源水质的真实状况,污染源水质采样是一个非常关键的环节,要取得真实的、能反映污染源状况的具有代表性的水质样品,要从采样人员持证上岗等多方面加强管理。环境监测数据要反映污染源水质的真实状况,污染源水质采样是一个非常关键的环节,若采样人员采集的水样不具有代表性,不能反映污染源水质的实际状况,在这种情况下,即使实验室分析得再准确,实验室质量控制工     

室内空气采样及几种重要污染物的监测分析方法探讨

随着人们对室内空气质量重视程度的提高,室内空气监测技术近年来也不断得到发展。采样是监测中最重要的环节,采样时间、位置选择的正确与否直接影响测定的成功与否。采样目的是确定采样方案过程中的指导原则,一个成功的采样应用具备明确的目的性。氡、气溶胶、VOCs、甲醛是重要的室内污染物,其采样和测定技术逐步走向成熟。     

两种SO2采样方法的对比实验研究

本文以《大气环境监测技术规范》为基础,以大气中SO_2监测为重点,进行了自动连续24小时采样和瞬时采样的对比实验,对两种采样方法的差异进行了全面探讨,为《大气环境监测技术规范》的贯彻执行提供了科学依据。     

强化环境监测中的采样规范管理

环境监测是一门专业性较强的技术工作 ,监测数据质量是环境监测工作的核心。本文从衡量监测数据质量的 5个指标出发 ,分析了监测工作的各个环节 ,提出采样是影响环境监测数据质量的关键环节之一 ,并对采样过程中易出现的问题提出了具体看法 ,以引起环境监测工作者的关注 ,使环境监测数据质量得到保证     

水泥粉尘测试中采样时间的确定

对水泥企业除尘前的粉尘进行测试发现，采样时间与现行的《环境监测技术规划》（大气与废气部分）以下简称《规范》不同，并通过分析测试提出新的采样时间。     

强化环境监测中的采样规划管理

环境监测是一门专业性较强的技术工作,监测数据质量是环境监测工作的核心。本文从衡量监测数据质量的５个指标出发,分析了监测工作的各个环节,提出采样是影响环境监测数据质量的关键环节之一,并对采样过程中易出现的问题提出了具体看法,以引起环境监测工作者的关注,使环境监测数据质量得到保证。     

顾及光滑拟合精度的地形曲线采样点布设规则研究

以加权平均抛物线拟合法为例,研究了顾及后期地形曲线光滑模型的采样点布设规则的确定问题.研究表明,对需要光滑拟合处理的地形曲线,除了传统的适当增加冗余采样点(采集质量检测点)外,还需要依据后期的光滑拟合模型,合理规划这些检测点的布点位置,才能有效保障地形曲线的科学采样与高保真重构.     

大气扩散参数的取样时间订正

就大气环境影响评价浓度预测中 ,对大气扩散参数取样时间订正问题进行了说明和讨论。     

A Comparison of Sampling Designs for Monitoring Recreational Trail Impacts in Rocky Mountain National Park

The dual goals of the Organic Act of 1916 and Wilderness Act of 1964 are to protect natural resources and provide quality visitor experiences. Park managers need metrics of trail conditions to protect park resources and quality of visitor experiences. A few methods of sampling design for trails have been developed. Here, we describe a relatively new method, spatially balanced sampling, and compare it to systematic sampling. We evaluated the efficiency of sampling designs to measure recreation-related impacts in Rocky Mountain National Park. This study addressed two objectives: first, it compared estimates of trail conditions from data collected from systematic versus spatially balanced sampling data; second, it examined the relationship between sampling precision and sampling efficiency. No statistically significant differences in trail condition were found between the 100-m interval and the spatially balanced datasets. The spatially balanced probability-based dataset was found to be a good estimate of trail conditions when analyses were conducted with fewer sample points. Moreover, spatially balanced probability-based sampling is flexible and allows additional sample points to be added to a sample.     

Influence of Sampling Frequency on Estimation of Annual Total Phosphorus and Total Suspended Solids Loads1

Abstract: The determination of sediment and nutrient loads is typically based on the collection and analysis of grab samples. The frequency and regularity of traditional sampling may not provide representation of constituent loading, particularly in systems with flashy hydrology. At two sites in the Little Bear River, Utah, continuous, high‐frequency turbidity was used with surrogate relationships to generate estimates of total phosphorus and total suspended solids concentrations, which were paired with discharge to estimate annual loads. The high frequency records were randomly subsampled to represent hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly sampling frequencies and to examine the effects of timing, and resulting annual load estimates were compared to the reference loads. Higher frequency sampling resulted in load estimates that better approximated the reference loads. The degree of bias was greater at the more hydrologically responsive site in the upper watershed, which required a higher sampling frequency than the lower watershed site to achieve the same level of accuracy in estimating the reference load. The hour of day and day of week of sampling impacted load estimation, depending on site and hydrologic conditions. The effects of sampling frequency on the determination of compliance with a water quality criterion were also examined. These techniques can be helpful in determining necessary sampling frequency to meet the objectives of a water quality monitoring program.     

圆形烟道断面烟气测试中采样点距烟道内壁的距离讨论

本文根据圆形烟道采样点划分原则，给出了一种方便适用的采样点距烟道内壁的距离公式，并就现有文献中采样点距烟壁的距离值表格的误差进行了修正。     

时域反射仪结合土钻法测定土壤容重

土壤水分是土地持续利用、水资源规划与管理、环境化学、节水农业技术研究的基础。介绍了时域反射仪（TDR）及其测定土壤水分的方法及应用，并利用时域反射仪结合土钻法测定土壤容重，与经典的环刀法测定土壤容重进行了比较，结果表明：两种测定结果存在一定的差异，TDR结合土钻法测定土壤容重能连续测定而且稳定性好。     

Window Sensitivity Functions for Line Transect Sampling

L and width 2w, then by a selection of viewing window is meant a choice of w, with the intent being to search for optimal viewing windows, with the goal in mind of improving variances of estimators of population density, reducing sampling effort, while maintaining the property of unbiasedness. The notions of increasing window sensitivity (IWS) and decreasing window sensitivity (DWS) are introduced, and a method of deriving confidence intervals is discussed.     

TEA滤膜挂片测定NO2用于山东省城市空气监测优化布点的研究

采用TEA滤膜挂片测定空气中NO2相对浓度的无动力采样方法，实验结果表明：TEA挂片可以反映环境空气中NO2的浓度水平，精密度较好，无需仪器、设备投入，应用于山东省15城市环境空气监测优化布点的网格实测，效果理想。