超临界水氧化法处理制浆黑液

造纸黑液是较难处理的工业废水。以工业纯氧为氧化剂,采用自制的间歇式超临界水氧化系统对麦草制浆黑液进行处理,根据实验数据分析了超临界水氧化过程中不同反应温度,时间,氧气浓度对该废水COD处理效率的影响。实验结果表明,选定合理的实验参数,COD去除率可达99.8%。     

酸化纤维污泥法工艺处理黑液的研究

造纸黑液经酸化处理析出木素时，沉淀污泥内含有大量的纤维，称为纤维污泥。将酸化的纤维污泥回流到黑液中，由于酸化纤维污泥颗粒内部的H^ 并不能立即释放，在其周围形成了局部强酸性氛围，使木素从黑液中析出，而整个废水呈弱酸性环境。当黑液CODCr浓度为12201mg／L，控制污泥回流比为15％、pH为5．0时，CODCr，去除率为71．56％。在该实验条件下，与传统酸析木素法相比，节约耗酸量28．53％。     

造纸黑液处理技术的进展

对近年来造纸黑液处理技术，碱回收法中几种新的高效节能方法，如Ｃｈｅｍｅｒｅｃ法、ＭＴＣＩ法和常温苛化法作了介绍；对酸析法、等离子体法、液膜法、絮凝法和氧化法中一些新的进展作了综述；认为有些新方法具有较好的应用前景。     

催化湿式氧化处理造纸废水的研究

以过渡金属氧化物CuO为活性组分,采用催化湿式氧化法处理造纸废水,考察Cu负载量、催化剂用量、反应温度对废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明:固定氧气分压在2.5MPa和反应时间3h,催化剂用量为3g,Cu负载量为4%,反应温度为220℃,500mL浓度为3250mg/L造纸废水的COD去除率为90%,色度去除率为89%,pH值由9.6变为7.8。另外,对催化剂进行再生处理和稳定性测试。结果表明:450℃下活化3h,在上述相同反应条件下,对原废水的COD去除率降低为88%,重复使用9次后对废水的COD去除率仍能保持在85%左右。     

废水处理催化湿式氧化法及其催化剂的研究进展

湿式氧化 法是为 处理高浓 度有毒有 害废物 或废水而 发展 起来 的行 之有 效的 方法， 在国 外已得到广 泛重视 和应用。 本文介绍 了湿式氧 化法的 基本概念 ，着重 阐述 了近 来催 化湿 式氧 化法 中有关催化 剂的研 究进展和 方向     

Treatment of black liquor from the papermaking industry by acidification and reuse

Two different kinds of black liquor from the papermaking industry were treated by acidification and reuse. The experimental parameters and conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that the treatment process mentioned in this article is an effective process for the treatment of black liquor from the papermaking industry. By the treatment, the solid materials in black liquor are transferred into two by-products and the other components are reused or evaporated. Thus, no wastewater except some condensation water would be discharged in pulping process and the problem of oollution of black liauor would be effectively solved.     

预酸析-厌氧流化床处理碱法草浆黑液的研究

对预酸析多孔高分子载体固定化微生物厌氧流化床（ＡＦＢ）处理碱法草浆黑液的效能进行了研究．结果表明，采用酸析预处理，去除了黑液中大部分难生化降解的高分子物质后，ＡＦＢ的厌氧消化潜能得到充分发挥．预酸析ＡＦＢ处理比直接ＡＦＢ处理更为有利．对黑液中木质素的化学性质研究表明，厌氧处理前后的黑液中木质素分子的基本结构单元保持不变，但分子量大的木质素有向小分子转化的趋势．通过扫描电镜观察，除了产甲烷菌外，还发现了硫酸盐还原菌和硫细菌．     

Combined effect of US/PFS on the black liquor of making paper

The reed pulping black liquor is used as a sample. Researches of (1) combined effect of ultrasound(US)/polyferric sulphate(PFS)/hydrogen peroxide(H2O2); (2) effects of the horn tip areas; (3) effect of dose of PFS were carried. Extrapolation of these experiments indicated treatment results are possibly related to complex chemical compositions in the reed pulping black liquor.     

湿式氧化处理高浓度难降解有机废水研究

在2L高压间歇反应釜中,系统地研究了高浓度难降解乳化废水的影响因素和动力学特征.结果表明:湿式氧化温度以220℃为宜;TOC去除率为73 2%～82 1%;供氧量以1 0～1 25倍理论需氧量为宜;在较宽浓度范围内仍具有良好的处理效果;并建立基于TOC指数型经验模型.     

Kinetics study on catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol by several metal oxide catalysts

Four metal oxide catalysts composed of copper (Cu), stannum (Sn), copper-stannum (Cu-Sn) and copper-cerium(Cu-Ce) respectively were prepared by the co-impregnation method, and γ-alumina(γ-Al2O3 ) is selected as support. A first-order kinetics model was established to study the catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol at different temperature when these catalysts were used. The model simulations are good agreement with present experimental data. Results showed that the reaction rate constants can be significantly increased when catalysts were used, and the catalyst of 6% Cu-10% Ce/γ-Al2 O3 showed the best catalytic activity. This is consistent witht he result of catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol and the COD removal can be arrived at 98.2% at temperature 210℃, oxygen partial pressure 3 MPa and reaction time 30 rain. The activation energies of each reaction with different catalysts are nearly equal, which is found to be about 42 kJ/mol and the reaction in this study is proved to be kinetics control.     

木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆生产普钙的研究

利用木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆,降低矿浆流动起点水分,既简化普钙生产流程,降低普钙生产成本,又能消除造纸黑液污染。试验结果表明：木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆最佳黑液投入量为0.027mL/g矿粉,当矿浆含水率控制在26％～28％之间时,矿浆粘度可降至0.70Pa·s以下,所生产的鲜钙能满足质量要求。为造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆生产普钙提供了理论和技术依据     

pH对过一硫酸氢盐湿法氧化去除甲硫醇恶臭气体的影响

以过一硫酸氢盐(PMS)作为氧化剂,利用化学吸收氧化法去除甲硫醇(CH3SH)恶臭气体.研究了p H(2~13)对CH3SH吸收过程、PMS氧化降解CH3SH过程的影响.结果表明,PMS不同于H2O2,在p H小于CH3SH p Ka(10.3)的弱碱性条件(p H=8~10)下,也可以有效去除CH3SH,而此时H2O2对CH3SH没有去除效果.可能的原因是,在弱碱性条件(p H=8~10)下PMS或可能产生的活性物种在气液相界面直接快速氧化CH3SH分子.     

基于均匀设计的类Fenton's体系去除污染土壤中蒽和芘的研究

分别以乳酸、L-酒石酸、柠檬酸为助剂,将其添加至类Fenton's体系中去除污染土壤中的蒽和芘等多环芳烃.结果发现,以柠檬酸为助剂时,多环芳烃的去除率为83.75%.同时,以均匀实验设计法考察了H2O2用量、Fe SO4用量、反应温度、反应时间、水土比、柠檬酸用量和多环芳烃染毒浓度对多环芳烃去除率的影响.实验数据和结果经DPS(Data Processing Station)软件处理后得到多环芳烃去除率与各反应因素之间的回归方程,经随机验证实验和计算结果对比表明,该回归方程的拟合误差低于5%,具有精确的预报性.     

Zn/Fe体系湿法催化氧化高效脱除沼气中H2S的研究

提出了Zn/Fe体系湿法催化氧化脱除沼气中H2S新工艺,阐述了反应机理、实验装置和工艺流程,考察了各单因素操作条件对H2S脱除效率的影响,在此基础上进行的综合条件实验,脱硫效率都维持在99.6%以上,净化后沼气中H2S含量低于国家标准。过程不消耗任何化工原料,不产生二次污染,体系无降解问题。     

Optimization of H2O2 dosage in microwave-H2O2 process for sludge pretreatment with uniform design method

A microwave-H₂O₂ process for sludge pretreatment exhibited high efficiencies of releasing organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus, but large quantities of H₂O₂ residues were detected. A uniform design method was thus employed in this study to further optimize H₂O₂ dosage by investigating effects of pH and H₂O₂ dosage on the amount of H₂O₂ residue and releases of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus. A regression model was established with pH and H₂O₂ dosage as the independent variables, and H₂O₂ residue and releases of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus as the dependent variables. In the optimized microwave-H₂O₂ process, the pH value of the sludge was firstly adjusted to 11.0, then the sludge was heated to 80℃ and H₂O₂ was dosed at a H₂O₂:mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) ratio of 0.2, and the sludge was finally heated to 100℃ by microwave irradiation. Compared to the microwave-H₂O₂ process without optimization, the H₂O₂ dosage and the utilization rate of H₂O₂ in the optimized microwave-H₂O₂ process were reduced by 80% and greatly improved by 3.87 times, respectively, when the H₂O₂:MLSS dosage ratio was decreased from 1.0 to 0.2, resulting in nearly the same release rate of soluble chemical oxygen demand in the microwave-H₂O₂ process without optimization at H₂O₂:MLSS ratio of 0.5.