Human Freshwater Demand for Economic Activity and Ecosystems in Taiwan

Freshwater is necessary to economic activity, and humans depend on goods and services generated by water-dependent ecosystems. However, national freshwater management usually focuses on direct use of domestic freshwater. With an increasing scarcity of freshwater, attention has turned to two indirect uses of freshwater by humans. The first indirect use is freshwater used by foreign countries when producing products for export. The second use is freshwater required by local ecosystems: human survival and development depend on goods and services generated in these ecosystems. This work adopted Taiwan as a case study. In addition to two widely recognized ecosystem freshwater demands, evapotranspiration and reversed river flow, this study suggests that freshwater is a constituent of some abiotic components, such as groundwater in aquifers, because excessive withdrawal has already caused significant land subsidence in Taiwan. Moreover, the estimated results show that Taiwan’s net imports of freshwater through trade amounts to approximately 25% of its total freshwater use for economic production. Integrating industrial policy, trade policy, and national freshwater management is a useful approach for developing strategies to limit the growing use of freshwater in Taiwan. Policy implications are then developed by further analyzing withdrawal sources of freshwater (domestic and foreign) for supporting economic production in Taiwan and identifying the factors (domestic final demand and export) driving freshwater-intensive products.     

老龄者深度休闲活动对幸福感的影响研究

通过对大连市两大典型社区老龄者的抽样调查,运用阶层回归分析法分析了深度休闲活动对老龄者幸福感的影响。研究结果表明,深度休闲活动与老龄者的幸福感有显著的正向关系,深度休闲包含的坚持不懈、个人努力、认同感、职业生涯性、休闲利益、亚文化等价值面,对形成老龄者幸福感的身体健康、心理健康、人际互动、充实感、成就感、归属感方面都有着不同程度的正向影响。     

中国传统休闲文化对现代休闲旅游的启示

在中国传统文化中有着历史悠久的休闲思想和休闲文化,这些思想和文化对当前我国休闲旅游的发展具有很好的启发和借鉴作用。分别从儒家休闲思想观、道家休闲思想观和民间休闲传统三个方面阐述各自不同的休闲思想及方式,并就三方面各自所具备的价值结合现代休闲旅游发展提出建设性的措施。     

Household Demand for Waste Recycling Services

Municipalities everywhere are coping with increasing amounts of solid waste and need urgently to formulate efficient and sustainable solutions to the problem. This study examines the use of economic incentives in municipal waste management. Specifically, we address the issue of recycling, if and when this waste management option is—on social welfare grounds—a preferred solution.A number of studies have recently assessed the monetary value of the externalities of alternative solid waste management options. In the present context, these subsidies could be interpreted as the implicit value of the benefits from reducing environmental externalities associated with landfilling as perceived by local government authorities. We surmise that the difference between mean households willingness to pay (WTP) for recycling services, via the purchase of a subsidized waste disposal facility, and the above (proxy) value of externalities reflects the difference between private and public perception regarding the negative externality associated with landfilling. We believe that this information is useful in determining the level of subsidization needed (if at all) to sustain any recycling program.The study is unique in the sense that its conclusions are based on revealed household behavior when faced with increased disposal costs, as well as information on WTP responses in hypothetical but related (and, therefore, familiar) scenarios. The article also explores the influence of the subsidization schemes on recycling rates. It was found that with low levels of effort needed to participate in a curbside recycling program, households participation rates are mainly influenced by economic variables and age, and households are willing to pay a higher price for the recycling scheme. When the required effort level is relatively high, however, households would pay a lower price, and the rate is influenced mainly by their environmental commitment and by economic considerations. We found that in both cases a subsidy would be required in order to achieve an efficient level of recycling. The median price that households are willing to pay for recycling devices is found to be about NIS 370 (New Israeli Shekel, approximately $90).     

A Contingent Trip Model for Estimating Rail-trail Demand

The authors develop a contingent trip model to estimate the recreation demand for and value of a potential rail-trail site in north-east Georgia. The contingent trip model is an alternative to travel cost modelling useful for ex ante evaluation of proposed recreation resources or management alternatives. The authors estimate the empirical demand for trips using a negative binomial regression specification. Their findings indicate a per-trip consumer surplus ranging from US$18.46 to US$29.23 and a price elasticity of m 0.68. In aggregate, they estimate that the rail-trail would receive approximately 416 213 recreation visits per year by area households and account for a total consumer surplus in excess of US$7.5 million.     

Residential Demand for Water in the Chicago Metropolitan Area1

Mieno, Taro and John B. Braden, 2011. Residential Demand for Water in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(4):713‐723. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00536.x Abstract: This paper provides the first contemporary analysis of residential water demand in humid Northeastern Illinois, in the vicinity of Chicago, and explores seasonal and income‐based differentials in the responsiveness of water use to water prices. Using a panel of system‐level data for eight water systems and controlling for seasons, weather, incomes, and community characteristics, the analysis yields low estimates of price elasticity of demand for water in line with other studies. Furthermore, price response is greater in summer and less in higher income communities. We suggest that use of seasonal pricing can help mitigate equity issues arising from differential income elasticities while taking advantage of the greater price responsiveness of summertime water use.     

舰载直升机携行航材需求预测

阐述了舰载直升机携行航材面临的问题,根据舰载直升机海上维修保障需求,简要分析了舰载直升机机携行航材需求规律,明确舰载直升机携行航材研究目的,提出对应的携行航材建模与计算方法。     

我国COD减排投资需求与投资压力研究

本文以国家环境保护部2007年底发布的COD总量减排核算细则为依据,对“十一五”期间31个省市自治区的COD削减需求进行了估算,并在此基础上对地区间的COD减排投资需求和投资压力进行了比较分析。研究表明,“十一五”期间我国COD削减需求较大,广西、宁夏、新疆等西部地区面临较大的工业COD减排投资压力,湖南、云南、江西等中西部地区、东北地区面临较大的生活COD减排投资压力。加强政策性资金在投资压力较大地区的倾斜、积极推动上述地区COD减排投资的多元化,对我国整体COD减排目标的实现具有重要意义。     

国内城市构建"休闲之都"的资质条件分析

分析了国内部分城市构建休闲都市的资质条件．休闲是时代发展的必然趋势,构建“休闲之都”是当今社会发展的需要,国内不少优秀的旅游城市正在探索营造休闲都市。在给出对休闲都市的概念、特征后,遴选国内20个城市运用离差最大化法进行构建休闲都市的资质分析,以期得出一个较为客观的结论。     

湘鄂渝黔边区发展休闲旅游的思考

"老、少、边、穷"的湘鄂渝黔边区是我国旅游业发展的重要地区之一,旅游资源非常丰富,地区经济发展对旅游业的依赖也较大.随着时代形势的变化,休闲旅游将是该地区今后旅游业发展的最好选择之一.分析了湘鄂渝黔边区休闲旅游发展的外在和内在条件,并结合湘鄂渝黔边区的特点,分别从民俗休闲旅游、山地休闲旅游、特色城镇休闲旅游和山寨农业休闲旅游阐述了该区域休闲旅游的发展路径.     

四川省河流生态环境需水量统计分析评估

本文介绍了标准流量法计算河流生态环境需水量的状况,针对四川省情况结合四川省水文资料,用当前广泛应用的各种标准流量法,对四川省河流生态环境需水量进行统计计算分析。其成果可以为有关部门和设计研究人员提供背景资料或决策依据。     

城市水资源供需经济分析与对策

本文通过对水价与需求关系的探讨,推导出水价与需求的理想公式,并就该公式进行了分析,提出了解决城市水资源供需矛盾的经济对策。     

城市边缘湿地的休闲旅游功能

城市边缘湿地是城市的生态屏障，是城市可持续发展的自然基础，具有一定的经济功能和巨大的生态、社会服务功能，休闲与旅游是其中的组成部分之一，但是由于城市边缘湿地本身存在生态脆弱性，加上受城市化、工业化影响，其休闲与旅游功能不断退化，为实现城市边缘湿地旅游资源可持续利用的目的，应当采取相应的治理措施。     

环境教育主题活动案例设计

活动案例１关于使用塑料制品利与弊的探讨目标：通过本课的学习,学生能够：１．识别几种主要的塑料制品,列举出其主要的性质和用途。２．说出什么是白色污染及其主要危害。３．通过头脑风暴,寻找各种解决白色污染可能的方法和途径;利用提供的资料,了解科学家解决这一问题的思路和前景。年级：７～９年级。步骤：１．角色扮演：小品《购物》一位售货员（由学生扮演）站在桌子后面,桌面上摆放一些由学生提供的生活、学习用品。由学生扮演的顾客甲、乙、丙、丁依次前来购物。◎顾客甲（无所谓型）：选好东西,接过售货员递给的塑料袋,把…     

湖南省森林休闲旅游资源的开发与利用

湖南省森林覆盖率达55%,森林资源品位较高,是森林旅游资源大省,但还不是森林旅游强省.为了适应外部形势发展的需要和内部产品升级的要求,湖南省发展森林休闲旅游势在必行.根据湖南省森林旅游资源的发展现状,提出了湖南省森林休闲旅游产品谱,并初步提出了湖南省森林休闲旅游进一步发展的设想.     

选择性催化还原法烟气脱硝催化剂市场分析

目前控制氮氧化物排放的主流技术是选择性催化还原法(SCR),因此SCR脱硝用催化剂存在着很大的市场。本文从国家政策、污染状况、电力发展情况,对SCR脱硝用催化剂的市场需求进行了分析,以期给SCR脱硝用催化剂产业的发展提供参考。     

山东省环保产业的市场需求

文章分析了山东省社会经济发展中存在的环境问题，提出了山东省环保产业的市场需求预测。     

安徽省休闲度假旅游产品现状及优化研究

在对安徽省休闲度假旅游产品现状分析的基础上,提出优化对策——整合资源,构造休闲度假新格局;调查市场,优化产品结构;创新产品,提升竞争力等。为发展安徽休闲度假旅游,编制休闲度假旅游规划提供理论借鉴。     

我国噪声与振动防治行业的发展与市场需求

介绍了国内的声环境现状以及噪声与振动污染防治行业的有关法律法规和相关政策;详细分析了噪声与振动污染防治行业的市场容量以及电力、输变电、城市轨道交通、高速铁路、石化、冶金、民用建筑等行业对噪声控制工程与装备的需求;提出了＂十二五＂期间噪声污染防治行业的发展趋势。