宜宾市水资源保护与可持续发展问题的探讨

本文从近几年来宜宾市工业及生活废水等排放情况及水环境质量的监测资料,阐述了我市流域水污染状况与可持续发展面临的主要问题,提出了水资源保护对策,以促进社会经济可持续发展。     

城市化过程中水资源可持续利用研究——以济南市为例

基于地理信息系统，建立了济南市水资源数字化图，分析了济南城市化过程中水资源开发利用状况；借助水安全指标体系探讨其存在的问题，结合可持续利用观点，提出济南市水资源合理开发利用的措施，为实现城市的可持续发展以及人口、资源、环境间的和谐发展提供科学的决策依据。     

可持续发展与区域环境规划

可持续发展理论对区域环境规划提出了新的要求。本文介绍了可持续发展与传统发展模式的不同之处，并对如何将可持续发展理念融入到区域环境规划的各个阶段中，提出了相关建议。     

Coastal Superquarries in Scotland: Planning Issues for Sustainable Development

There is currently only one large coastal quarry, or superquarry as they are often called, in Britain. The scale of these developments means that they raise concerns about their environmental impact. At present there is a proposal to develop a coastal superquarry on the Isle of Harris, in the Outer Hebrides. This paper discusses the concept of superquarries and focuses in detail on the Harris proposal which was the subject of a recent public inquiry.     

青海的可持续发展要确立在可利用水资源的基点上

通过对青海省水资源量及分布特征、利用现状、开发前景、有利条件、不利因素和存在问题的系统分析,就如何实施可持续发展战略,科学治理并开发利用、保护好水资源,正确处理好人口、资源、环境与社会经济发展的关系,提出了作者的观点、思路、方法和措施,为有关部门提供了决策依据。     

Cooperative Solutions for Sustainable Resource Management

n -person game theory are most appropriate for these problems because they focus on the conditions for engendering and sustaining the necessary cooperation among the involved stakeholders. These solution concepts seek to ensure that the allocation is based on some norm of equity and, most often, also to minimize the incentive for any player to defect from the cooperative venture. We illustrate these solution concepts with an application to a water resource project in Southern California. We argue how the rigorous mathematical nature of these solution concepts should not hinder their application to actual situations and how, with the use of heuristic rules and inexact notions of comparable worths, we can employ these concepts even in approximate fashion. We remind ourselves that the goal of such an endeavor is to convince stakeholders of the equity of a proposed solution and, in so doing, maximize the prospect of sustained cooperation. The alternative to cooperation, on the other hand, may be endless stalemate.     

重庆市某小城镇地表水污染控制及可持续发展规划研究

以重庆市渝西地区某小城镇环境规划为例，分析了该镇地表水存在的污染问题，并迎合该镇可持续发展的需要，制定了一系列地表水污染控制规划方案，分析了规划方案的环境效益。     

Sustainable Water Quality Management Framework and a Strategy Planning System for a River Basin

In Taiwan, the authorities have spent years working on remedying polluted rivers. Generally, the remediation planning works are divided into two phases. During the first phase, the allowed pollution discharge quantity and abatement quantity of each drainage zone, including the assimilative capacity, are generated based on the total river basin. In the second phase, the abatement action plans for each pollution source in each drainage zone are respectively devised by the related organizations based on the strategies generated during the first phase. However, the effectiveness of linking the two phases is usually poor. Highly integrated performances are not always achieved because the separate two-phase method does not take system and management thinking into consideration in the planning stage. This study pioneers the use of the Managing for Results (MFR) method in planning strategies and action plans for river water quality management. A sustainable management framework is proposed based on the concept and method of MFR, Management Thinking, and System Analysis. The framework, consisting of planning, implementation, and controlling stages, systematically considers the relationships and interactions among four factors: environment, society, economy, and institution, based on the principles of sustainable development. Based on the framework, the Modified Bounded Implicit Enumeration algorithm, which is used as a solving method, is combined with Visual Basic software and MS Excel to develop a computer system for strategy planning. The Shetzu River, located in northern Taiwan, is applied as a case study. According to the theoretical, practical, and regulatory considerations, the result-oriented objectives are defined to first improve the pollution length of the Shetzu River in specific remediation periods to finally meet regulated water quality standards. The objectives are then addressed as some of the constraints for the strategy planning model. The model objective is to pursue the maximum assimilative capacity (environmental phase) subjected to the constraints of water quality standards (institutional phase), social equity (social phase), and proper available technology (economic phase). The pollution quantity abatement and allocation, which are named the top strategies, of each drainage zone for different scenarios can be obtained based on each water quality standard. The middle as well as lower strategies and action plans, which consist of pollution quantity abatement and allocation of each class (domestic, industrial, livestock, and non-point pollution sources) and their individual pollution sources in each drainage zone, are then generated based on the top strategies. The performance indicators and measure plans are proposed based on the action plans to promote the comprehensive effectiveness of river water quality management. The authorities have begun to develop a budget based on the strategies and action plans developed in this study. The analytical results indicate that the objectives, strategies, and action plans developed based on the sustainable management framework and strategy planning system can effectively help the related authorities to fulfill the tasks of water quality management for a river basin.     

西北地区水资源态势及可持续发展途径分析

对我国西北地区水资源的现状进行了概述,阐述了在水资源利用中存在的各种问题,如水土流失严重、河道断流、水质污染严重、农用灌溉水大量浪费,等等.并从自然、人为两方面因素进行了原因分析.在此基础上,对西北地区水资源的可持续发展途径进行了探讨.     

资源型城市可持续发展的生态补偿机制研究

资源型城市的经济转型与可持续发展已经成为一个世界性的课题,也是现阶段我国全面建设小康社会过程中凸现出来的一项新课题.在生态环境危机和区域矛盾日益加剧的社会背景下,构建生态补偿机制已成为资源型城市可持续发展的重要措施,有利于缩小区际间的差距,促进环境建设,同时也符合时代发展的主旋律.从资源型城市生态环境问题突出、转型动力不足、社会问题突出、地方财政困难等方面阐述了构建资源型城市生态补偿机制的必要性,在此基础上着重从法律保障、补偿标准、横向财政转移支付、生态保护与经济增长、体制机制等方面分析我国资源型城市生态补偿面临的障碍因素,并对我国资源型城市生态补偿运行机制做了进一步探讨.     

西部可持续发展与环境资源产权

文章从可持续发展与环境资源产权的关系入手,对环境资源产权作了界定。在此基础上,分析了西部环境资源产权的现状,进而指出了西部环境资源产权制度创新的一些路径选择。     

淮河流域水资源环境与可持续利用

由于经济的快速发展和人口的过快增加,加上以往的环境治理不到位,使淮河流域水环境问题始终未得到有效的控制和解决。从淮河流域水资源的概况、特点、存在问题和对策等方面对淮河流域水环境问题进行了简要的分析和讨论。     

Local Institutional Development and Organizational Change for Advancing Sustainable Urban Water Futures

This paper presents the local institutional and organizational development insights from a five-year ongoing interdisciplinary research project focused on advancing the implementation of sustainable urban water management. While it is broadly acknowledged that the inertia associated with administrative systems is possibly the most significant obstacle to advancing sustainable urban water management, contemporary research still largely prioritizes investigations at the technological level. This research is explicitly concerned with critically informing the design of methodologies for mobilizing and overcoming the administrative inertia of traditional urban water management practice. The results of fourteen in-depth case studies of local government organizations across Metropolitan Sydney primarily reveal that (i) the political institutionalization of environmental concern and (ii) the commitment to local leadership and organizational learning are key corporate attributes for enabling sustainable management. A typology of five organizational development phases has been proposed as both a heuristic and capacity benchmarking tool for urban water strategists, policy makers, and decision makers that are focused on improving the level of local implementation of sustainable urban water management activity. While this investigation has focused on local government, these findings do provide guideposts for assessing the development needs of future capacity building programs across a range of different institutional contexts.     

山西能源基地水资源的持续开发利用对策

本文在分析了山西能源基地水资源的特征、开发利用现状和存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了该地区水资源合理开发与持续利用的对策。     

矿业开发模式及其对我国资源开发的启示

以资源型国有企业为基础,政府推动为主导是我国大批资源型城市诞生的方式,也是引发后来资源型国有企业改制重组、资源型城市转型和社会稳定的主要原因。在新形势下,选择有利于地区经济长期发展和社会稳定的矿业开发模式,是我国资源开采工作所要考虑的首要问题。归纳出可移动城镇模式、长距离通勤模式和兴建新城3种矿业开发模式,比较了它们对周边经济发展、劳动用工、社会稳定等方面的不同影响和各自的适用情形,希望能为今后的矿业开发活动提供有益的参考。     

四川生态旅游农业模式及其可持续发展之浅见

本文论述了生态旅游农业的特点和四川发展生态旅游农业的优势和意义,归纳了四川生态旅游农业的几种模式,并对四川生态旅游农业可持续发展提出了几点浅见。     

Land Use Development Planning and the Notion of Sustainable Development: Exploring Constraint and Facilitation within the English Planning System

This paper explores the English land use planning system's actual and potential abilities to both facilitate and constrain the advancement of sustainable development through the preparation of statutory development plans. The exploration is empirically based, focusing upon the conceptual and procedural issues most pertinent to the incorporation of sustainable development within this sector of public policy making. The findings reveal a lack of unified coherence in approach amongst local planning authorities as they struggle to translate the rhetoric of sustainable development into practice. One can detect, however, areas of difficulty and potential opportunity surfacing in the plan preparation process relating to issues of public participation, Local Agenda 21, environmental appraisal, data gathering, resources and guidance. There is also an indication that the institutional framework for incorporation lacks the facility to adopt a consistent position with regard to what one can consider as sustainability-orientated application principles.