新邵县湿地调查及保护管理措施初探

对新邵县湿地资源及其环境现状进行了全面调查,基本摸清该县湿地资源的分布类型和生态特征,建立了湿地资源信息数据库.结合该县湿地生态保护和生态恢复利用的现状,探析了存在的问题,并对湿地保护和恢复工作等方面提出了初步对策和建议.参12.     

刍议新邵县松梢螟的发生与防治

松梢螟是新邵县松类树种的原发性害虫,在中、成龄松林内长期存在.近年来,松梢螟逐步扩散、蔓延为害,甚至局部暴发.通过对新邵县松梢螟的为害情况进行调查,对其生物学特性及发生规律进行了初步研究,探析了防治工作中存在的问题,对综合防控松梢螟危害提出了相应的对策.表1,参6.     

新邵县岩溶地区石漠化综合治理试点初报

为科学实施新邵县岩溶地区石漠化综合治理试点工程,通过阐述该县石漠化现状,对本地区石漠化的成因与发育特征进行了初步剖析.该县在石漠化治理中,采取以小流域为单元,相应开展了植被恢复工程和小型水利水保配套工程区域综合治理试点,从技术思路、工程措施、营林措施、生物措施、农耕措施等方面具体实施;通过对以往治理石漠化和本次试点经验的基础上加以总结,旨在对遏制、治理石漠化的工作有所帮助.表5.参12.     

湖南隆回打鸟坳迁徙鸟类资源的调查研究

采用路线调查、样方调查法、鸟类鸣叫声音统计法和走访调查等调查研究方法,对湖南隆回打鸟坳迁徙鸟类资源进行了调查研究,发现该地计有迁徙鸟类10目21科56种,其中留鸟有22种,占39%,夏候鸟有7种,占13%,旅鸟有27,占48%.同时分析了打鸟坳鸟类扑火的原因,并对打鸟坳鸟类资源保护提出了一些建议.     

Crossing Invisible Boundaries: the Effectiveness of the Langebaan Lagoon Marine Protected Area as a Harvest Refuge for a Migratory Fish Species in South Africa

Abstract:  The application of no-take areas in fisheries remains controversial. Critics argue that many targeted species are too mobile to benefit from area protection and that no-take areas are only appropriate for resident species. The degree of protection does not depend on the size of the no-take area but rather on the time fish reside inside its boundaries during key life-history events (i.e., spawning) and during periods of peak fishing activity. We evaluated the potential of a small no-take marine protected area (MPA) inside a coastal embayment as a harvest refuge for a mobile, possibly migratory, long-lived fish species. We used acoustic telemetry to track movements of 30 transmitter-tagged white stumpnose (Rhabdosargus globiceps) across and on both sides of the boundary of a small (34 km²) no-take area over a full year. Being landlocked on 3 sides, the location of the MPA inside the lagoon made it practical to detect all boundary crossings and to calculate the time individual fish used the MPA. We detected frequent movements across the boundary, with strong seasonal and individual variations. There were significant differences in MPA use patterns between fish from different release areas. The time spent in the MPA by individual fish during summer (mean 50%; max 98%) was out of proportion with the size of that area (4% of total habitat). Summer coincided with peak recreational fishing activity and with the spawning season of this species. The small MPA provided a refuge for a part of the spawning stock of white stumpnose. Our findings suggest that if strategically placed, a small no-take area can be effective in protecting mobile species and that models of spillover from no-take areas should account for seasonal and individual variation in area use and the spatiotemporal distribution of fish and fishers.     

喀斯特生态系统区典型县域的能值分析

应用能值理论和方法,以喀斯特生态系统区典型县石林为例,通过一系列的能值指标定量分析了该县1949—2003年的生态系统的能值流动,评价了该县自然环境生产和社会经济发展,为其制定可持续发展战略提供科学的指导。     

Applying Metapopulation Theory to Conservation of Migratory Birds

Abstract: Metapopulation theory has proven useful for understanding the population structure and dynamics of many species of conservation concern. The metapopulation concept has been applied almost exclusively to nonmigratory species, however, for which subpopulation demographic independence—a requirement for a classically defined metapopulation—is explicitly related to geographic distribution and dispersal probabilities. Defining the degree of demographic independence among subpopulations of migratory animals, and thus the applicability of metapopulation theory as a conceptual framework for understanding population dynamics, is much more difficult. Unlike nonmigratory species, subpopulations of migratory animals cannot be defined as synonymous with geographic areas. Groups of migratory birds that are geographically separate at one part of the annual cycle may occur together at others, but co-occurrence in time and space does not preclude the demographic independence of subpopulations. I suggest that metapopulation theory can be applied to migratory species but that understanding the degree of subpopulation independence may require information about both spatial distribution throughout the annual cycle and behavioral mechanisms that may lead to subpopulation demographic independence. The key for applying metapopulation theory to migratory animals lies in identifying demographically independent subpopulations, even as they move during the annual cycle and potentially co-occur with other subpopulations. Using examples of migratory bird species, I demonstrate that spatial and temporal modes of subpopulation independence can interact with behavioral mechanisms to create demographically independent subpopulations, including cases in which subpopulations are not spatially distinct in some parts of the annual cycle.     

蓟县水资源状况分析

在蓟县水资源调研基础上，对蓟县水资源状况和利用情况进行了分析。