絮凝-酸析-NaClO-Fenton联合处理页岩气产出水研究

以涪陵页岩气田产出水为研究对象，研究絮凝、酸析、Fenton氧化和NaClO氧化相互协同作用下，采出水COD去除率的变化程度及规律。比较了不同组合方式下水样COD去除效果及变化规律，考察了絮凝剂、次氯酸钠和Fenton试剂的加量以及体系pH值对去除率的影响，结果表明：（1）单一絮凝或酸析条件下，最高COD去除率＜25%，在絮凝剂加量80mg/L、酸析pH为4时，絮凝-酸析协同处理COD去除率达到＞40%；（2）原始水样直接进行次氯酸钠氧化，COD最高去除率为75.01%，絮凝-酸析后进行次氯酸钠氧化，最高COD去除率为80.34%，与原始水样相比提高了5.33%，且达到相同的COD去除效果，絮凝-酸析后水样对次氯酸钠的需求量低于原始水样；（3）絮凝-酸析后水样进行Fenton氧化与原始水样直接进行Fenton氧化相比，COD去除率提高了6.07%；（4）絮凝-酸析-NaClO- Fenton协同处理，水样COD去除率达到＞90%，其中最高去除为94.17%，与絮凝-酸析-NaClO和絮凝-酸析-Fenton处理相比分别提高了13.83%和5.27%。水样首先经过絮凝-酸析预处理，达到削减后续次氯酸钠和Fenton氧化负荷、降低药剂用量目的，然后经过Fenton试剂和次氯酸钠对不同类型特征污染物选择性去除的协同作用，可达到较高的COD去除率。     

催化过氧化氢氧化法在难降解有机废水处理中的应用

催化过氧化氢氧化法（CWPO）是一种有效处理难降解废水的新技术。本文介绍了均相催化、非均相催化及酶催化过氧化氢氧化法在难降解有机废水处理中的应用,探讨了各种因素对CWPO法处理效果的影响,对CWPO技术的研究方向和发展前景作了展望。     

湿式空气非均相催化氧化处理有机废水中难降解有机物的研究

湿式空气催化氧化是曩为经济的环境友好型高级氧化技术之一,在处理有机废水中难降解有机物方面极具前景.为提高氧化效率,钌（Ru）、铑（Rh）、铂（Pt）、钯（Pd）等贵金属及铜（Cu）、铈（Ce）、锰（Mn）、铁（Fe）、镍（Ni）、铝（Al）、铬（Cr）及钴（Co）等金属氧化物等常作为非均相催化剂应用到湿式空气催化氧化体系中.本文对非均相催化湿式空气氧化处理有机废水中难降解有机物的非均相催化剂、工艺条件及反应机理进行了探讨,最后指出了催化剂的失效、解决方法及技术发展方向.     

雨水中S（Ⅳ）浓度和氧化速率的测定

本文介绍了日本横滨雨水中Ｓ（Ⅳ）浓度和大化速率的测定方法：Ｓ（Ⅳ）在雨水中的氧化反应是一级反应：Ｆｅ￣３＋和Ｍｎ￣（２＋）离子对雨水中Ｓ（Ⅳ）的氧化有强的催化作用．Ｓ（Ⅳ）的浓度是０．８～２３．μｍ和氧化速率常数Ｋ是ｏ１２～３、３小时￣－１。     

无机-有机高分子复合絮凝剂处理含油废水的试验研究

研究了用聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）及改性蒙托石等不同无机—有机高分子絮凝剂复配使用处理炼钢厂连铸含油废水的除油效果,考察了不同絮凝剂的复配以及絮凝剂的不同复配比例对处理效果的影响。试验结果表明,用聚合氯化铝（PAC）＋聚合硫酸铁（PFS）＋聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）3种絮凝剂复配使用除油效果最佳,当3种絮凝剂的复配比为2∶2∶3时除油效果最好,除油率达到88.2%,达到国家排放标准。     

雨水中S（IV）浓度和氧化速率的测定

本文介绍了日本横滨雨水中Ｓ（ＩＶ）浓度和氧化速率的测定方法：Ｓ（ＩＶ）在雨水中的氧化反应一组反应；Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾２＋离子对雨水中Ｓ（ＩＶ）的氧化有强的催化作用；Ｓ（ＩＶ）的浓度是０．８～２３．５μｍ和氧化率常数０．１２～３．３小时＾－１。     

气体扩散电极在水处理领域中的研究进展

气体扩散电极（Gas Diffusion Electrode—GDE）作为阴极,通过氧气还原产生过氧化氢（H202）,在亚铁离子催化剂存在的情况下形成Fenton试剂,从而间接氧化有机污染物,这方面的研究逐步引起人们的重视。本文综述了电极材料、电流密度、pH、催化剂等因素对处理效果的影响,提出了该方法存在的问题并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

纳米材料修复镉污染土壤环境效应与风险评价研究

对纳米铁（nZVI）、纳米硒（SeNPs）、硒硅溶胶、石墨烯4种纳米材料修复土壤镉（Cd）的环境效应与生态风险进行研究,结果表明,前3种材料降低土壤Cd的有效性显著,石墨烯对土壤有效态Cd影响不明显;4种材料与Cd复合诱导了蚯蚓超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和愈创木酚过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶差异性响应,其中,nZVI、硒硅溶胶与石墨烯上调部分抗氧化酶活性、诱导蚯蚓蛋白分子氧化损伤显著,蛋白酶与内肽酶同工酶活性升高,加剧氧化损伤蛋白酶促降解。SeNPs既显著降低土壤Cd的有效性,又与Cd联合使致毒效应最低,具备修复Cd污染土壤潜力和应用前景。     

华北油田罐底油泥清洗试验研究

文章介绍了华北油田罐底油泥的处理药剂,通过机理研究,反复筛选药剂,找到合适的复配比例,进行氧化清洗处理.结果表明：在60℃下,YHJ-2（1％）与XNJ-4 （0.15％）对油泥的处理效果较好,达到明显的三相分离,洗出油组分稳定,水层清澈,泥量丰厚,泥层含油量0.25％,清洗效果较好.     

氧化沟工艺处理城市污水的优化设计

文章主要介绍了氧化沟工艺的优化设计，对改良型卡罗塞尔（Carrousel）氧化沟的池型、工艺参数、核心设备进行了选型优化，并结合实例对改良型氧化沟技术的应用进行了较为全面的论述。     

Reduction of copper(II) by iron(II)

Laboratory and field investigations have clearly demonstrated the important role of reduced iron (Fe(II)) in reductive transformations of first-row transition metal species. However, interactions of Fe(II) and copper (Cu) are not clearly understood. This study examined the reduction of Cu(II) by Fe(II) in stirred-batch experiments at pH 5.2 and 5.5 as influenced by chloride (Cl-) concentration (0.002-0.1 M), initial metal concentration (0.1-9.1 mM), and reaction time (1-60 min) under anoxic conditions. Reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) by dissolved Fe(II) was rapid under all experimental conditions and the stability of the products explains the driving force for the redox reaction. Under conditions of low [Cl-] and high initial metal concentration, >40% of total Cu and Fe were removed from solution after 1 min, which accompanied formation of a brownish-red precipitate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the precipitates revealed the presence of cuprite (Cu2O), a Cu(I) mineral, based on d-spacings located at 0.248, 0.215, 0.151, and 0.129 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy corroborated XRD data for the presence of Cu2O, with features located at 518, 625, and 698 cm(-1). Increasing [Cl-] stabilized the dissolved Cu(I) product against Cu2O precipitation and resulted in more Fe precipitated from solution (relative to Cu) that appears to be present as poorly crystalline lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH). This process may be important in anoxic soil environments, where dissolved Fe(II) levels can accumulate.     

环境保护法规制定程序办法

国家环境保护总局令第25号《环境保护法规制定程序办法》已经2005年4月11日国家环境保护总局局务会议审议通过,现予发布,自2005年6月1日起施行。1990年3月12日国家环境保护局发布的《国家环境保护局法规性文件管理办法》同时废止。国家环境保护总局局长解振华二○○五年四月二十五日主题词:第一章总则第一条为了规范环境保护法规的制定程序,保证立法质量,根据《立法法》、《行政法规制定程序条例》、《部门规章制定程序条例》、《法规部门规章备案条例》和《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》,制定本办法。第二条本办法所称“环境保护法规”,是指…     

Effect of uranium(VI) speciation on simultaneous microbial reduction of uranium(VI) and iron(III)

Uranium is a pollutant of concern to both human and ecosystem health. Uranium's redox state often dictates whether it will reside in the aqueous or solid phase and thus plays an integral role in the mobility of uranium within the environment. In anaerobic environments, the more oxidized and mobile form of uranium (UO2(2+) and associated species) may be reduced, directly or indirectly, by microorganisms to U(IV) with subsequent precipitation of UO. However, various factors within soils and sediments, such as U(VI) speciation and the presence of competitive electron acceptors, may limit biological reduction of U(VI). Here we examine simultaneous dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) and U(VI) in batch systems containing dissolved uranyl acetate and ferrihydrite-coated sand. Varying amounts of calcium were added to induce changes in aqueous U(VI) speciation. The amount of uranium removed from solution during 100 h of incubation with S. putrefaciens was 77% in absence of Ca or ferrihydrite, but only 24% (with ferrihydrite) and 14% (without ferrihydrite) were removed for systems with 0.8 mM Ca. Dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) and U(VI) proceed through different enzyme pathways within one type of organism. We quantified the rate coefficients for simultaneous dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) and U(VI) in systems varying in Ca concecentration (0-0.8 mM). The mathematical construct, implemented with the reactive transport code MIN3P, reveals predominant factors controlling rates and extent of uranium reduction in complex geochemical systems.     

气候(温度/湿度)和力学动态(振动/冲击)组合试验

在汽车、轨道交通和空间领域都存在温度、湿度和振动或冲击的组合环境。通过实验室内受控地在参量范围内模拟环境下暴露样品进行评估。用严酷的环境参量强化试验,通常可在相对较短的时间内获得有效的结果。     

From eco-management and audit (EMAS) to sustainability management and audit (SMAS)

The local authority version of the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (LA-EMAS) can already be used as a tool for managing towards sustainability. But it can also be used in a much less ambitious 'procedural' way. This article suggests how LA-EMAS could be developed more fully into a sustainability management tool embracing social issues, a concern over environmental carrying capacities, and stakeholder involvement. This raises questions which should be considered in the run-up to the review of the EMAS regulation in 1998.     

房地产交易(环境)审计--污染现场/土地环境评估

本文介绍了现今发达国家实施的房地产交易(环境)审计,以期推进房地产交易审计在国内实施。     

Removal of Cr(VI) from Cr-contaminated groundwater through electrochemical addition of Fe(II)

The conventional chemical reduction-precipitation technique in the removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated groundwater involves a two-step process whereby Cr(VI) is first reduced to Cr(III) at an acidic pH by a reducing agent and in a subsequent step, Cr(III) is precipitated as insoluble hydroxide at an alkaline pH. In a variation of this method, Fe(II) is added electrochemically to the Cr(VI) containing water. From a pure iron electrode, Fe(2+) ions are released into the solution and bring forth the reduction of Cr(VI). At the cathode, H(2)O is reduced whereby the OH(-) ions entering the solution keep the pH of the solution in the alkaline range. This latter fact greatly facilitates simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and co-precipitation of hydroxides of trivalent Cr and Fe. On the basis of a set of experimental data, it is shown that this process is both thermodynamically and kinetically efficient, meaning, with the electrochemical method, rapid and nearly complete removal of Cr(VI) from a groundwater source with both high and low levels of Cr-contamination can be achieved. These factors make the electrochemical process superior to the conventional chemical process in remediation of Cr-contaminated groundwater.