饮用水预处理去除备用水源三卤甲烷生成潜能

针对镇江金山湖备用水源,考察混凝、预氧化、预氯化、粉末活性炭吸附以及与预氧/氯化联用工艺对天然原水三卤甲烷生成潜能(THMFP)和UV254的去除效果。结果表明,3种无机盐混凝剂中三氯化铁去除效果最好,且去除效果随投加量增大而提高;高锰酸钾预氧化在低投加量时可取得良好效果,增大投加量去除率降低;次氯酸钠预氯化会产生大量THMs,不宜单独使用;粉末活性炭吸附去除效果分别随时间和投加量增加而增大;预氧/氯化与粉末活性炭联用工艺去除率最高(60%),且活性炭吸附可大大减少预氯化产生的THMs。     

邻甲苯酚生产含酚废水处理试验

采用活性炭吸附和过氧化氢氧化两步联合处理邻甲苯酚生产含酚废水。通过试验得到活性炭吸附等温方程，活性炭去除COD负荷为550（mg/g－活性炭）；氧化处理的最佳配比，以及过氧化氢投加量等处理工艺条件。在试验选定的最佳条件下处理废水，挥发酚的去除率达100％，CODcr去除率达95％。     

均相与非均相Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水及影响因素研究

通过室内模拟实验,比较均相与非均相体系Fenton试剂对苯酚废水去除效果,并通过考察了pH、反应时间、催化剂投加量等因素的影响。结果表明:非均相体系对苯酚的去除率最大,均相体系次之,活性炭体系最小;在设定的pH值范围内,不同体系对苯酚的去除率随pH的增大而先升高后降低,在pH=4时去除率最大;而不同体系对苯酚的去除率随着反应时间、催化剂投加量的增加先升高后逐渐稳定。     

铁屑微电解法处理光致抗蚀剂废水的初步研究

初步研究了铁屑微电解法处理先致抗蚀剂废水；对废水pH值、曝气、铁屑和活性炭的用量等作了单因素影响试验。正交试验结果表明：当铁屑投加量50．0g／L，活性碳投加量5．0g／L，废水pH值2．0，反应时间60min时，CODCr去除率达42％。     

乳化液膜法处理石油石化废水的研究

石油石化废水中酚含量高,限制了汽提净化水回用效率,需进行脱酚处理。文章采用煤油、span-80、液体石蜡、磷酸三丁酯和NaOH构建乳化液膜,探究其对酸性水汽提净化水的脱酚效率。运用以响应面法(RSM)为依据的Box-Behnken设计,以span-80投加量、液体石蜡投加量、油/内比(油相与NaOH之比)和制乳转速为影响因素,建立了汽提净化水中苯酚去除率的二次回归预测模型,并优化了处理条件。结果表明,液体石蜡投加量对苯酚去除率的影响最为显著,其次是span-80投加量。通过RSM分析得到汽提净化水脱酚的最佳实验条件为：span-80投加量2%(质量百分比),液体石蜡投加量15%(体积百分比),油内比1?1,制乳转速6 000 r/min,此时苯酚去除率达到98.65%。萃取分离后的液膜易于破乳,破乳率达到98.33%,且回收油可循环利用,从而大大节约成本实现资源化。     

磁性活性炭催化臭氧氧化苯酚废水

以苯酚为目标污染物配制模拟石化废水,采用化学共沉淀法将铁氧化物负载在粉末活性炭上以提高粉末活性炭与处理水的分离效果,研究磁性活性炭(FPAC)催化臭氧氧化系统对目标污染物的处理效果。考察了臭氧流量、初始p H和磁性活性炭投加量对处理效果的影响以及磁性活性炭在多次使用后的稳定性。并对磁性活性炭进行SEM、EDX、BET以及BJH分析。结果表明:铁氧化物被成功的负载在粉末活性炭上,磁性活性炭在10min之内完全与处理水分离。在25℃,苯酚初始浓度为200mg/L、初始p H为9时、磁性活性炭投加量为3g/L和臭氧流量为0. 8L/min的条件下反应30min,催化系统的苯酚去除率为99. 80%。磁性活性炭重复使用6次后,对苯酚的去除率仍可达到98. 87%。     

活性炭吸附法去除印染工业废水色度的试验与研究

通过试验初步研究活性炭直接吸附去除印染工业废水色度中吸附剂投加量、吸附时间等对色度去除率的影响。通过混凝沉淀法与活性炭吸附法结合、搅拌电解法与活性炭吸附法结合、脱色氧化法与活性炭吸附法结合等试验初步探讨了活性炭吸附与其它处理方法结合去除印染工业废水色度的可行性。同时,讨论了以上几种处理方法对水样中CODCr的去除、水样pH值变化等的影响。     

几种药剂对高盐废水中钙镁离子的去除性能研究

高盐废水盐度高、硬度高,含有机物、重金属等多种污染物,是一种难处理的工业废水。针对高盐废水钙镁离子浓度高的特点,采用几种软化药剂和吸附剂去除高盐废水中的钙镁离子,分析药剂种类与投加量对废水中钙镁离子去除率的影响,筛选出去除效果较好的药剂,通过改变反应温度、搅拌速度和反应时间,探究钙镁离子去除率最佳的试验参数。试验结果表明:投加氧化钙+偏铝酸钠和HTC_S-400-MgAl对水中钙镁离子的去除效果相对最好;对于投加氧化钙+偏铝酸钠的处理,搅拌速度对钙镁离子去除率影响最大;对于投加HTC_S-400-MgAl的处理,反应温度、搅拌速度和反应时间对钙镁离子去除率有较明显的影响;两种药剂在高盐废水的钙镁离子去除方面均具有很大应用潜力。     

超声/臭氧氧化处理含酚废水实验研究

在实验装置上对超声/臭氧联合处理含酚废水进行了实验研究。考察了废水初始pH值、反应时间、臭氧通入量、超声功率等因素对酚去除率的影响。研究表明,超声辐射在臭氧氧化过程中起加速反应的作用,而且随着超声功率的增大,加速反应的能力增强;废水初始pH值为11时酚去除效果最佳;随着臭氧通入量的增大、反应时间的延长,酚去除率不断增大;超声/臭氧处理酚废水过程中酚的降解规律符合表观一级反应。     

乳化液膜法处理石油石化废水的研究

炼厂酸性汽提净化水中酚含量高，限制了汽提净化水回用效率，需进行脱酚处理。本研究采用煤油、span-80、液体石蜡、磷酸三丁酯和NaOH构建乳化液膜，探究其对酸性水汽提净化水的脱酚效率。运用以响应曲面法（RSM）为依据的Box-Behnken设计，以span-80投加量、液体石蜡投加量、油相/内相比和制乳转速为影响因素，建立了汽提净化水中苯酚去除率的二次回归预测模型，并优化了处理条件。结果表明，液体石蜡投加量对苯酚去除率的影响最为显著，其次是span-80投加量。通过RSM分析得到汽提净化水脱酚的最佳实验条件为：span-80投加量2wt%，液体石蜡投加量15%v/v，油内比为1:1，制乳转速取6000r/min，此时苯酚去除率为98.65%。反应后的液膜易于破乳，破乳率达98.33%，且回收油相可循环利用，从而大大节约成本实现资源化。     

活性炭纤维基催化剂在烟气脱硝中的应用

以活性炭纤维（ACF）为载体的催化剂具有良好的脱硝性能,材料、负载方式、负载量、活性组分等的不同都会对NOx的脱除率有很大的影响。在目前研究中,活性炭纤维基催化剂主要应用于催化分解法和选择性催化还原法（SCR）。本文介绍了活性炭纤维的基本特性,比较了不同催化剂的脱硝性能,并在此基础上提出了今后的研究方向。     

港东联合站外排污水深度处理工艺研究

为解决港东联合站外排污水2010年前达标排放的问题,需在现有氧化塘生化处理工艺的基础上,进行工艺优化和深度处理。通过对港东联合站外排污水的分析,发现现有处理系统的问题,并结合水质特性和现有处理工艺进行试验研究。结果表明:采用曝气生物滤池工艺,以兼性塘进水为水源,流量150L/h,BAF对CODCr的去除率为68.1%;采用活性炭吸附技术,在水力负荷不超过2.1m3/(m2.h)情况下,活性炭出水CODCr平均值为27.3～37.4mg/L,对CODCr的去除率在60%以上;曝气生物滤池与活性炭吸附工艺对CODCr、石油类、悬浮物的处理指标都达到了天津市地方标准DB12/356-2008《污水综合排放标准》的要求。     

WATER RECLAMATION BY PHYSICOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER1

ABSTRACT. Treatment of a high strength acidic industrial chemical waste, which had a COD of about 3000 mg/1 and a pH of 3, was attempted by activated carbon adsorption to evaluate the feasibility of yielding effluents of reusable qualities. The experimental methods which were employed in this investigation included batch and column studies. The former was used to evaluate the rate and equilibrium of carbon adsorption while the latter was used to determine treatment efficiencies and performance characteristics. Parallel operations of fixed-bed and expanded-bed adsorbers were contrasted in the column study. Results of this investication indicate that activated carbon was very efficient in removing the COD of the chemical waste. Initial pH adjustments for the wastewater to 7.0 or 11.4 did not increase the COD removal efficiency. Turbidity and nitrogen (total Kjeldahl- and ammonia-N) were removed to some extents by the carbon bed adsorbers while phosphorus (total-and ortho-P) was totally unaffected by the carbon treatment.     

电化学反应器吸附去除氟离子的研究

采用改性活性炭粉末对用纯净水加氟化钠配制而成的含氟水溶液进行动态电吸附去除实验.研究不同电压、电吸附时间,以及Cl-和SO2-4对氟离子去除的影响,并探讨吸附动力学和吸附方程.实验结果表明:活性炭对氟离子的吸附等温方程符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学符合一级动力学方程;活性炭对氟离子去除与所施加的电位、吸附时间等因素有关,施加的电位越大,去除效果越好;随着吸附去除时间的延长,氟离子浓度下降趋缓;Cl-对氟离子去除影响很小,而SO2-4对氟离子去除有显著的不利影响.     

酸改性活性炭在重金属与氨氮废水处理中的应用

重金属以及氨氮是造成水体污染的重要物质,在对水体重金属以及氨氮的去除方法中,活性炭吸附法有一定的进展.本文参照常见的酸类物质如硝酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、柠檬酸和其他酸性物质对活性炭改性去除重金属和氨氮的研究,综述了各种酸改性的机理和对活性炭的影响,定性地比较了活性炭在各种酸改性后的去除能力.总结了对酸性改性活性炭在去除重金属和氨氮应用中的发展方向和前景,对于日后用酸性废水改性活性炭以达到以废治废的功效有着指导、借鉴作用.     

浸渍活性炭脱除含硫气体研究进展

介绍了近年来国内外浸渍活性炭脱除含硫气体的研究进展。讨论了活性炭表面特性对脱硫的影响,并从改变孔径分布、孔容积,引入杂原子,改变表面pH和增大硫容量等方面进行了探讨。通过浸渍可以改善活性炭的孔径分布和表面化学环境,增大硫容量,提高催化性能和转化效率。目前研究的热点是新的制备活性炭的原料和新浸渍剂,指出目前该领域存在的问题是活性炭再生困难,再生后脱硫能力恢复较少。     

Adsorption of eosin dye on activated carbon and its surfactant based desorption

The performance of activated carbon has been investigated for the adsorption of eosin dye dissolved in water. Eosin is anionic in nature and highly toxic. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on adsorption of eosin by a fixed amount of activated carbon (1.0 g/L) have been studied in batch and column mode. The equilibrium data are successfully fitted to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption rate data are successfully explained by a pseudo second-order kinetic model. Breakthrough curves for column adsorption have also been studied. The regeneration of spent carbon by desorbing the dye has been experimentally investigated applying a surfactant enhanced carbon regeneration (SECR) technique using both cationic and anionic surfactants. An empirical kinetic model for dye desorption from the commercial activated carbon (CAC) using different surfactant and desorption techniques, viz. change in pH, has been proposed. The comparison between the model and the experimental results is found to be satisfactory.     

Adsorption of phenol and its derivatives from water using synthetic resins and low-cost natural adsorbents: a review

In this article, the technical feasibility of the use of activated carbon, synthetic resins, and various low-cost natural adsorbents for the removal of phenol and its derivatives from contaminated water has been reviewed. Instead of using commercial activated carbon and synthetic resins, researchers have worked on inexpensive materials such as coal fly ash, sludge, biomass, zeolites, and other adsorbents, which have high adsorption capacity and are locally available. The comparison of their removal performance with that of activated carbon and synthetic resins is presented in this study. From our survey of about 100 papers, low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for phenol and its derivatives compared to activated carbons. Adsorbents that stand out for high adsorption capacities are coal-reject, residual coal treated with H3PO4, dried activated sludge, red mud, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified montmorillonite. Of these synthetic resins, HiSiv 1000 and IRA-420 display high adsorption capacity of phenol and XAD-4 has good adsorption capability for 2-nitrophenol. These polymeric adsorbents are suitable for industrial effluents containing phenol and its derivatives as mentioned previously. It should be noted that the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents presented here vary significantly depending on the characteristics of the individual adsorbent, the extent of chemical modifications, and the concentrations of solutes.     

烟气脱汞技术研究进展

基于现阶段烟气汞的排放情况,介绍当前燃煤电站的几种烟气脱汞技术。主要是先将零价汞氧化为二价汞,再进行脱除。其中利用现有烟气控制设备,活性炭吸附及添加改性物质,有比较好的脱汞效率,电催化、光催化以及等离子体脱汞等新技术处于研发阶段,而烟气中多种污染物协同脱除有较好的应用前景。     

Determination of model parameters for zinc (II) ion biosorption onto powdered waste sludge (PWS) in a fed-batch system

Biosorption of zinc (II) ions onto pre-treated powdered waste sludge (PWS) was investigated using a completely mixed tank operating in fed-batch mode instead of an adsorption column. Experiments with variable feed flow rate (0.05-0.5 L h(-1)), feed Zn(II) ion concentrations (37.5-275 mg L(-1)) and amount of adsorbent (1-6 g PWS) were performed using fed-batch operation at pH 5 and room temperature (20-25 degrees C). Break-through curves describing variations of aqueous (effluent) zinc ion concentrations with time were determined for different operating conditions. Percent zinc removal from the aqueous phase decreased, but the biosorbed (solid phase) zinc ion concentration increased with increasing feed flow rate and zinc concentration. A modified Bohart-Adams equation was used to determine the biosorption capacity of PWS (q'(s)) and the rate constant (K) for zinc ion biosorption. Biosorption capacity (q'(s)=57.7 g Zn kg(-1) PWS) of PWS in fed-batch operation was found to be comparable with powdered activated carbon (PAC) in column operations. However, the adsorption rate constant (K=9.17 m(3) kg(-1) h(-1)) in fed-batch operation was an order of magnitude larger than those obtained in adsorption columns because of elimination of mass transfer limitations encountered in the column operations. Therefore, a completely mixed tank operated in fed-batch mode was proven to be more advantageous as compared to adsorption columns due to better contact between the phases yielding faster adsorption rates.