生态环境功能区规划中水环境容量分配方法探讨

水环境容量分配是生态环境功能区规划的重点.针对当前水环境容量分配中存在的问题,以生态环境功能区规划为基础,研究区域污染负荷和各水质控制点的响应关系,统筹考虑区域发展实际需求,采用线性规划法建立了满足科学性、公平性和经济性的生态环境功能区水环境容量优化分配方法.以浙江省龙游县为例,根据其生态环境功能区规划,以建立的优化分配方法对其区域水环境容量进行了分配.结果显示,所分配的水环境容量满足了各区域发展需求,表征分配公平性、科学性和经济性的水环境容量分配合理性指数(TCRI)达到了0.93.     

生态补偿机制在乐清市的实践与探索

建立生态补偿机制已成为社会共识,各级政府就开展生态补偿进行了多种形式的探索与实践.乐清市结合生态环境功能区规划,以生态环境功能禁止准入区为切入点,试行生态补偿,以进一步调整优化财政支出结构,促进区域平衡和社会公平.     

浙江省生态功能区划研究

在浙江省生态环境现状调查的基础上,运用GIS等先进技术,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,对浙江省生态环境现状、生态环境敏感性和生态服务功能重要性进行评价,形成浙江省生态功能区划方案,将浙江省划分为6个生态区、15个生态亚区、47个生态功能区,并确定了具有重要生态系统服务功能的5个重要生态功能区域.区划成果为浙江生态省建设规划的实施、资源的合理利用和工农业生产合理布局提供了科学依据.     

钱塘江流域生态功能区划研究

钱塘江是浙江省最大的河流和主要的水源地之一,流域内行政区域主要包括杭州市、衢州市、金华市、诸暨市(县级)和遂昌县,在浙江省可持续发展中居于重要的战略地位.系统分析了钱塘江流域生态环境现状、生态环境敏感性和生态系统服务功能重要性,结合区域经济社会发展特点,将钱塘江流域划分为20个生态功能区,指出了各功能区的保护措施和发展方向.同时,在流域生态功能区划的基础上,进一步划定了重要生态功能保护区,为明确钱塘江流域生态保护重点,统筹区域生产力布局和重大基础设施建设等提供了依据.     

基于工作流的生态环境功能区规划管理业务规范化研究

环境管理业务规范化是实现环境规划管理信息化的前提与基础。以浙江省县级生态环境功能区规划管理信息系统建设为例,开展基于工作流的环境规划管理业务规范化研究,将环境规划管理业务分解成任务、角色、信息3个部分,建立3者间的关系模型,并根据浙江省县级环境保护组织管理构架的共性,建立了规范的、基础性的环境规划管理业务流程。     

论县域环境规划的原则与内容

根据生态理论的要求，从经济发展战略、资源开发利用、环境综合整治等方面论述了县域环境规划编制的原则，并提出环境污染综合整治规划、县域生态规划及规划的实施支持与保证。     

国家海洋局：对生态脆弱区采取海区关闭制

为加强宏观调控,有效遏制近海生态环境恶化趋势,国家海洋局日前下发了《2008年海洋环境保护工作要点》,要求沿海地区落实生态调控措施,对于生态脆弱、污染突出、灾害频发的区域,可以采取特定时间内海区关闭制度,杜绝一切污染排放工程运转。国家海洋局强调,沿海省市要研究制定海洋生态功能区划和污染物排放削减控制规划,落实海域生态调控措施。     

秀山丽水澄如镜开怀笑揽瓯江月

生态环境质量全国全省领先 "绵绵青山满眼绿,翩翩白鹭碧空行,秀山丽水澄如镜,开怀笑揽瓯江月."这是对丽水优越生态环境的生动写照.浙江省环境监测中心2008年公布的<浙江省生态环境状况评价报告>显示,2007年丽水市生态环境状况指数为97.5,在全省排名稳居首位,丽水市9个县(市、区)生态环境状况级别均为优,有5个排在全省前10位.2008年,全市地表水水环境功能区水质达标率为95.5%,市区空气二级以上优良天气达到360 d,全市县以上集中式饮用水水源和跨行政区域河流交接断面水质达标率均为100.0%.     

规划环境影响评价中生态补偿机制的构建

以规划分析、生态环境质量现状调查为基础,以规划实施带来的生态环境影响为依据,采用多种方法建立生态补偿标准核算体系,确定补偿主体、客体及补偿方式,建立生态补偿保障体系,最后将生态补偿机制纳入规划文本,实施规划,并对生态补偿实施效果进行跟踪反馈,不断修正规划环境影响评价中的生态补偿机制.该机制的建立将有效降低规划实施带来的生态损失,实现从源头预防和控制生态影响,提高规划环境影响评价的有效性.     

城市屋面绿化的环境效益分析与推广之策

简要叙述了屋面绿化技术的发展现状,对屋面绿化工程的生态环境效益进行了重点分析,阐述了屋面绿化在保持城市生态平衡,促进城市可持续发展方面的现实意义.指出当前中国城市屋面绿化中存在的主要问题及原因是观念落后混淆、相关法规不完善、技术人才匮乏、资金投入不足及科学的规划与管理缺乏等.最后,提出了推广屋面绿化的对策与措施.     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

有机官能团对改性硅吸附微囊藻毒素的影响

考察了不同有机改性硅对微囊藻毒素LR(mLR)和LA(mLA)的等温吸附行为。结果表明,有机改性硅可有效吸附去除水体中<0.1×10-6(质量分数)的微囊藻毒素,并且吸附去除效果随表面改性官能团中碳原子数量的增加而增加;相同条件下,有机改性硅在微囊藻毒素异构体之间存在着一定的吸附选择性。     

生物质快速热裂解主要参数对生物油产率的影响

以松木木屑为原料,在自制的小型流化床上,开展了生物质热裂解温度、生物质粒径和进料速率对生物油产率的影响实验研究.结果表明,在热裂解温度分别为450、475、500、525和550℃条件下,当热裂解温度为500℃时,生物油产率最高,平均产率达到53.33%(质量百分比).反应温度越高,炭产量越低,不可冷凝气体产量越高,气体发热值越高;粒径＜1 mm的生物质其粒径对生物油产率影响不大;生物质进料速率增加时,生物油产率增加.本研究为生物能的利用提供了新的途径.