共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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利用不同pH值的模拟酸雨(SAR)淋洗处理42个月获得具有不同累积酸化程度土壤,对其进行室内培养并研究了土壤温室气体CO2、CH4和N2O的排放特征.结果表明,一定的酸化累积促进CO2排放,而累积到某值时(如pH3.05酸化累积程度的加深而增加.相关分析显示,土壤pH值不是造成不同累积酸化程度土壤温室气体排放差异的直接原因;CO2和CH4排放差异主要是由于酸化累积过程导致土壤碳、氮以及其他养分元素含量的差异造成的,而导致N2O排放差异的产生原因却十分复杂. 相似文献
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静态箱-气相色谱法用于测定内蒙古典型草原温室气体排放.禁牧草原及放牧草原吸收CH4、排放N2O和CO2各自有其相对固定的季节变化形式,草原和大气交换温室气体通量的季节变化形式主要受年度气候变化所控制,而土壤、植被类型、降雨量等禁牧因素和放牧强度等人为因素仅影响排放强度.与禁牧草原相比,自由放牧降低了羊草草原对CH4的吸收和对N2O的排放,但大大增加了CO2的排放量.随着放牧强度的增加,草原温室气体排放强度呈线性迅速增长. 相似文献
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采用4 座单个填充规模约30t 的垃圾填埋柱(R1~R4),每周分别回灌1.6,0.8, 0.2m3 的渗滤液以及0.1m3 清水(R4)进行生物反应器填埋场中试实验.通过对填埋场稳定化过程中渗滤液、填埋气体(LFG)、垃圾特性参数、场地沉降等方面进行的多指标数值监测及结果分析,确定了渗滤液、填埋气体、垃圾特性参数等3 个因子中包含的COD、BOD5、BOD5/COD、NH3-N、CH4 所占百分比、生化产甲烷潜能(BMP)、挥发性固体含量(VS)、纤维素、半纤维素、与木质素之比[(C+H)/L]8 个指标作为评价参数,建立3 因子8 参数填埋场稳定化综合指数计算评价方法和综合指数分级系统. 相似文献
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利用作者研究的统计箱模式,模拟分析了1990年的硫沉降及其来源。结果表明,SO2浓度分布与排放源有着密切的关系,而SO2-4浓度分布受气象场的影响较明显;干沉降作用对大气中的SO2是一个重要的清除过程,SO2-4在大气中的清除主要通过湿沉降过程实现;硫沉降污染主要集中在华北大部,长江中下游的江浙地区、川贵部分地区和华中地区的武汉、长沙等地附近;直辖市的排硫大部分传输沉降到相邻的省份,其它省份的排硫一半左右沉降在本省,大约三分之一的排硫输送到相邻的省份。 相似文献
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根据2000年各省市生物质的消耗资料,结合排放因子,计算了中国大陆生物质燃烧所排放的SO2、NOx、NH3、CH4、EC、OC、VOC、CO、CO2的总量及各省市的排放清单,并进一步细化到县、区级行政区.研究表明,生物质燃烧排放的污染物在地区间的分布极不均衡,排放量较大的包括华东、中南地区的各省市;各种生物质燃烧对各污染物的排放量的贡献差异很大,其中秸秆和薪柴是最主要来源;单位面积生物质燃烧排放污染物的量较高的地区由东北至中南围绕中国的主要农业产地呈带状分布. 相似文献
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模拟酸雨对砂浆影响的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
建立了周期浸泡法和喷淋试验法等两种加速腐蚀试验方法,并分别研究Ph为5.6、3.5和Ph为1.0、S24-为0、0.06、0.1、0.2mol/L六种模拟酸雨对砂浆的影响。研究结果表明:砂浆受蚀后强度降低,其下降的程度与材料中CaO和SO3/CaO的比值成二元线性关系;酸雨中+的侵蚀将使材料中CaO、MgO、Al2O3和Fe2O3组分流失,H+.和SO的协同作用,使材料中的SO3/CaO的比值增大;受蚀后的砂浆其物相发生较大的变化,变化趋势是原[CaNa][SiAI]408、KAISi308、0.62NaAISi208·0.38CaAl2等矿物晶体逐渐消失,而转化成CaSO4·2H2O、CaAl2i2O8、Ca-Fe-Al-S-Si-O,甚至体积更大的Ca3Al6O12·CaSO4。因此,酸雨对砂浆的影响,主要是H+侵蚀引起的溶解腐蚀和SO24-侵蚀引起的膨胀腐蚀。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1991,25(7):1383-1389
Alcohols-aldehydes-NOx-air system smog chamber experiments were undertaken and the reaction model was developed based on the experimental results. Ozone formation behaviors of alcohols and aldehydes were investigated with the computer simulation by changing the ratio of reactants. The effect of alcohol fuel on O3 formation was estimated. Aldehydes have high reactivity in the atmospheric photochemical reaction. Alcohols can promote O3 formation substantially under reactive conditions. The efficient control of aldehydes emissions is especially important. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1992,26(4):625-641
Four popular photochemical reaction mechanisms, Caltech, CB-III, CB-XR and CB-IV, are evaluated using a major, newly available set of outdoor smog chamber data. The smog chamber experiments were carried out under conditions representative of urban air. Sixteen experiments with various temperature and initial HC/NOx ratios are used to test model performance. In general the four photochemical smog models are found to give results in good agreement with experiment, particularly at moderate temperatures (15–25°C) and HC/NOx ratios of 7–16 and when the initial organic composition included gasoline vapour, synthetic exhaust and solvents. At higher temperatures (30–45°C) and at lower HC/NOx ratios (<5) the agreement is not as good. For HC/NOx = 3.5 the CB-XR and CB-IV mechanisms underestimate the final O3 concentration by up to 82%. When solvent emissions are omitted from the initial composition the Caltech and CB-III models overestimate the final O3 concentration by up to 59%. 相似文献
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A study for the photochemical behavior of some polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), for example B(a )P, B( k )F and fluoranthene in coal smoke particles was performed by using indoor Teflon smog chamber.Experiments suggest that the photochemical reaction of PAH is first order reaction and kinetic rates of some PAH were obtained. It was shown that the reaction rate constant is proportional to light intensity and water vapor concentration. Temperature and PAH loading also have influence on PAH decay rate. A model for PAH loss has been set up on the basis of the results of our experiments and the simulating results of this model suggest that coal particle PAH half lives are of the order of a period of days in winter and a few hours in summer. Other factors which may have effect on the photochemical reaction of PAH have also been discussed. 相似文献
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利用TEFLON薄膜室内光化学烟雾箱研究了光强、湿度和温度对燃煤烟颗粒物上多环芳烃(PAHs)的光化学降解速率的影响。结果表明,PAHS光解速率常数随光强、湿度和温度的升高而增大。在冬季低光强和低水蒸汽浓度的条件下,PAHs降解速率很小,可在大气中停留数日,因而可传输较远距离。在夏季高光强和高水蒸汽浓度条件下,PAHs在数小时内即全部降解。通过对光强、水蒸汽浓度和温度的实验数据进行多元回归,得到了降解速率常数与各参数的函数式,即降解反应的动力学方程式。 相似文献
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环境因素对芦苇湿地CH4排放的影响 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
用封闭式箱法对辽河三角洲芦苇湿地温室气体CH4 排放进行了长期观测 .结果表明 ,CH4 排放有明显的季节变化规律 ,平均通量为 520μg·m-2·h-1.土壤产CH4 活性主要发生在0~5cm土层中 ,并随土层深度的增加而显著下降 .CH4排放受环境因素影响很大 ,土壤氧化还原电位在 -110mV时就有CH4排放 ,其排放量随氧化还原电位的下降而增加 .另外 ,随着淹水深度的增加 ,CH4 排放反而减少 .在测定期内 ,CH4 排放与温度呈明显的正相关 (R2=0196,n=21,P<0.05). 相似文献
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溴代烷烃是破坏臭氧层很重要的一类物质,为了估计臭氧消耗潜势(ODP)值,利用流动放电共振荧光技术测定CH3Br和CH2Br2与OH自由基反应速率常数,计算出它们在大气中的寿命;用半经验的方法,采用最新文献报道的有关数据,计算出CH3Br和CH2Br2的ODP值分别为0.33和0.076.并与文献结果进行了比较. 相似文献
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YAN Yuping SHA Liqing CAO Min ZHENG Zheng TANG Jianwei WANG Yinghong ZHANG Yiping WANG Rui LIU Guangren WANG Yuesi SUN Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(2):207-215
CH4 and N2O fluxes from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China were measured for one year using closed static chamber technique and gas chromatography method. Three treatments were set in the studied field: (A) litter-free,(B) with litter, and (C) with litter and seedling. The results showed that the soil in our study was a sink of atmospheric CH4 and source of atmospheric N2O. The observed mean CH4 fluxes from treatments A, B, and C were -50.0±4.0, -35.9±2.8,-31.6±2.8 μgC/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in2003 were -4.1,-3.1,and -2.9kgC/hm2,respectively.The observed mean N2O fluxes from treatments A,B,and C were 30.9±3.1,28.2±3.5,50.2±3.7μgN/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in 2003 were 2.8, 2.6, and 3.7 kgN/hm2, respectively. Seasonal variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were significant among all the three treatments. The presence of litter decreased CH4 uptake during wet season (P < 0.05), but not during dry season. There was a similar increase in seedlings-mediated N2O emissions during wet and dry seasons, indicating that seedlings increased N2O emission in both seasons. A strong positive relationship existed between CH4 fluxes and soil moisture for all the three treatments, and weak relationship between CH4 fluxes and soil temperature for treatment B and treatment C. The N2O fluxes correlated with soil temperature for all the three treatments. 相似文献