?kologische, ?konomische und rechtliche umweltbewertung

Zusammenfassung  Der Artikel gibt einen überblick über eine Beitragsserie zum Thema Integrative Umweltbewertung. Es wird über die Genese sowie die inhaltliche und organisatorische Struktur eines Graduiertenkollegs berichtet, das in den Jahren 1996–2002 in zwei Phasen an der Universit?t Kiel eingerichter war. Insbesondere wird auf die zentralen Begriffe Integration, Umwelt und Bewertung eingegangen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt zudem auf dem genannten Thema als Forschungs- und Lehrgegenstand sowie auf den Chancen und Barrieren für interdisziplin?re Kooperation und Kommunikation zwischen den Fachgruppen ?kosystemforschung, Rechtswissenschaften und Wirtschafts-/Sozialwissenschaften. Am Schluss dieses übersichtsbeitrages werden die Beitr?ge der Serie kurz vorgestellt. Online First 17.06.2002     

Alles Schadstoff, alles Umwelt?

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Basiswissen Umwelttechnik Wasser, Luft, Abfall, L?rm, Umweltrecht Hrsg: Bank, Matthias

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zwischen Atomausstieg, Verdr?ngungswettbewerb und Klimaschutz

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

?kotoxikologische Sedimentbewertung Sedimenttoxizit?t, Biotest, Testkombination

Die übersicht stellt notwendige Komponenten einer ?kotoxikologischen Bewertung für kontaminierte Sedimente vor. Die jeweiligen St?rken und Schw?chen der ?kologischen und toxikologischen Verfahren werden herausgearbeitet. Die bestehenden Biotestmethoden werden auf Grundlage der bekannten Expositionswege zu einer Testkombination für die Anwendung in der Praxis ausgew?hlt. Ein integriertes Bewertungsschema, bestehend aus den Komponenten Sedimentchemie, Sedimenttoxizit?t undin situ Untersuchungen, macht eine flexible und abgestufte Vorgehensweise m?glich und berücksichtigt den Stand der Forschung. Die Gesichtspunkte der überwachungsbeh?rden und die der ?kologischen Forschung ergeben eine dichotome Zielsetzung, die z.T. mit den glcichen Methoden bearbeitet werden kann.     

Bestimmung von Phthals?ureestern in Lebensmitteln, Frauenmilch, Hausstaub und Textilien

Zusammenfassung  Es wurden 25 Lebensmittel-, 5 Frauenmilch-, 4 Staub- und 16 Textilproben auf Phthals?ureester untersucht. In allen Proben waren Phthalate nachweisbar, wobei Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalat (DEHP) und Di-n-butylphthalat (DBP) am h?ufigsten gefunden wurden. In Rohmilchproben lagen die Gesamtphthalat-Konzentrationen im Mittel bei 0,1 mg/kg. Konsummilch wies keine h?here Belastung als Rohmilch auf, auch die Lagerung von Milchproben bis zum Ablauf des Mindesthaltbarkeitsdatums führte nicht zu h?heren Gehalten. Fettarme Milch war weniger belaster als Vollmilch. Die in Sahneproben gefundenen h?heren DEHP-sowie Gesamptphthalatgehalte lassen sich durch den h?heren Fettgehalt erkl?ren. Mit Konzentrationen von bis zu 1,54 mg/kg zeigten gemahlene Haselnüsse, Mandeln und Muskatnüsse, die in Kunststofffolie verpackt waren, eine vergleichsweise hohe Belastung. In S?uglingsnahrung waren nur Spuren von DEHP und DBP zu finden, weitete Phthals?ureester konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Auch die Frauenmilchproben wiesen nur geringe Gehalte von ca. 0,1 mg/kg auf, eine Akkumulation der Phthalester im menschlichen K?rper scheint also nicht stattzufinden. Au?ergew?hnlich hohe Konzentrationen wurden in Staubproben gefunden; die Werte lagen zwischen 300 und 5370 mg/kg Staub, wobei DEHP die Hauptkomponente darstellte. Die Belastung des Staubes l?sst auf eine erhebliche Bedeutung des Luftpfades beim Transfer der Phthals?ureester schlie?en. Da Staub erhebliche Anteile an Textilfasern enth?lt, wurden auch Textilien untersucht. Die Phthals?ureester-Gehalte in den Textilproben reichten von 3,42 bis 34,44 mg/kg. Die hohen Phthalester-Kontaminationen des Staubes k?nnen daher nicht durch Textilfasern erkl?rt werden. Online-Publikation: 07. Februar 2000     

What’s the Problem? River Management,Education, and Public Beliefs

This paper invokes the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a diagnostic tool to explain an existing public education program's limited success at improving river water quality in the City of Perth, Western Australia. A reflective, client-driven research approach was used. A facilitated expert workshop defined an environmental problem (excess nutrients leaving gardens and entering waterways) and a desired behavior (residents purchasing environmentally sensitive fertilizer) to address the problem. A TPB-based belief elicitation survey captured respondents' beliefs regarding the desired behavior. The findings suggest respondents were aware of the links between purchasing environmentally sensitive fertilizer and river water quality. However, this behavior is compromised by the challenges in identifying appropriate products, product quality concerns, and cost. Viewing the content of a public education program through the lens of the TPB reveals insights into how and why the program fell short in achieving one of its key behavioral change goals.     

Hydroponic phytoremediation of Cd, Cr, Ni, As, and Fe: can Helianthus annuus hyperaccumulate multiple heavy metals?

Sundance sunflowers were subjected to contaminated solutions containing 3, 4, or 5 heavy metals, with and without EDTA. The sunflowers exhibited a metal uptake preference of Cd=Cr>Ni, Cr>Cd>Ni>As and Fe>As>Cd>Ni>Cr without EDTA and Cr>Cd>Ni, Fe>As>Cd>Cr>Ni with EDTA. As uptake was not affected by other metals, but it decreased Cd and Ni concentration in the stems. The presence of Fe improved the translocation of the other metals regardless of whether EDTA was present. In general, EDTA served as a hindrance to metal uptake. For the experiment with all five heavy metals, EDTA decreased Cd in the roots and stems from 2.11 to 1.36 and from 2.83 to 2.3 2mg g(-1) biomass, respectively. For the same conditions, Ni in the stems decreased from 1.98 to 0.94 mg g(-1) total metal uptake decreased from 14.95 mg to 13.89 mg, and total biomass decreased from 2.38 g to 1.99 g. These results showed an overall negative effect in addition of EDTA. However it is unknown whether the negative effect was due to toxicity posed by EDTA or the breaking of phytochelatin-metal bonds. The most important finding was the ability of Sundance sunflowers to achieve hyperaccumulator status for both As and Cd under all conditions studied. Ni hyperaccumulator status was only achieved in the presence of three metals without EDTA.     

Do tailings from the Mariana,MG (Brazil), disaster affect the initial development of millet,maize, and sorghum?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The collapse of the Fundão dam in Mariana, MG, in 2015 resulted in the overflow of more than 50 million m3 of mud containing mine tailings,...     

Is selenium affecting body condition and reproduction in boreal breeding scaup, scoters, and ring-necked ducks?

Elevated levels of selenium (Se) have been detected in wintering and spring-staging lesser scaup. Here, we compared spring scaup Se and mercury (Hg) levels to those of ring-necked ducks and white-winged scoters, species exhibiting increasing and decreasing boreal populations, respectively. Mercury concentrations were low in all three species. Geometric mean (95%CI) liver Se concentrations were 6.2 (5.5-7.0), 4.6 (4.0-5.4), and 32.6 (28.4-37.3)mg/kg dry weight (dw) in scaup, ringnecks and scoters, respectively. Only scoter livers (66%) were above 33 mg/kgdw Se. Scaup and ringneck Se levels were unrelated to breeding status or lipid and protein levels; breeding scoters and females with greater lipid mass had higher Se than non-breeders. Egg and follicle concentrations in scaup and scoters were normal (mean [95%CI]=2.3 [1.9-2.6] and 2.4 [2.1-2.7]mg/kgdw, respectively). Overall, we found no support for a relationship between selenium and boreal scaup and scoter declines, and discuss current Se threshold concentrations.     

What drives conversion of tropical forest in Carrasco Province, Bolivia?

The conversion of closed forest (CCF) in Carrasco Province, Bolivia, was monitored using a series of four midresolution satellite images from 1986 to 2002. The conversion of forests into nonforests from 1986 to 2002 was 1.5% annually. Inclusion of conversions into open forest doubles the annual CCF rate to 3.1%. Five predictors of CCF were tested in a spatial model: land tenure regime, distance from roads, distance from settlements, topography, and soil suitability for farming. Only three out of the five predictors tested were found to be reliable predictors of CCF: land tenure regime, distance from roads, and distance from settlements. University reserve and indigenous land show substantially less CCF than national park and untitled land. In addition the spatial model shows that the greater the distance of forest from roads or settlements, the less CCF. Topography and soil suitability for farming lack predictive power for CCF and are therefore excluded from the spatial model.     

Do metal concentrations in moss from the Zackenberg area,Northeast Greenland,provide a baseline for monitoring?

Purpose  

This study aims at evaluating (a) whether concentrations of a suite of elements in mosses sampled in the arctic region around Zackenberg reflect background concentrations useful for estimating pollution levels in industrialized parts of the northern hemisphere as is attempted, e.g. in the framework of the UNECE ICP Vegetation monitoring programme, and (b) whether there are any influences from Zackenberg research station detectable in these concentrations.     

Is the freshwater gammarid, Dikerogammarus villosus, a suitable sentinel species for the implementation of histochemical biomarkers?

In order to enlarge the range of potential sentinel species for the implementation of a multiple biomarker approach, spatial and monthly morphological variations of four cellular compartments and contents were assessed during two years in the hepatopancreatic caeca of the freshwater gammarid, Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacea, Amphipoda), using histochemistry coupled to image analysis. Among the three study sites, the second one, located in a reservoir receiving the overheated and copper-contaminated waters of a nuclear power plant, was the most anthropised. During this passive biomonitoring survey, unsaturated neutral lipids were more abundant, the surface densities of the lysosomal and peroxisomal systems were, respectively less and more important, and lipofuscin granules tended to accumulate in the amphipods from the second site compared to both others. Nonetheless, in this context, the present cellular biomarker suite, analysed through an integrative approach, was not powerful enough to highlight spatial heterogeneity significantly. This may partly result from particularities in the patterns of metal accumulation and copper physiological requirements of amphipods (haemocyanin synthesis). Nevertheless, we think that the use of this Ponto-Caspian non-indigenous species in biomonitoring surveys deserves further investigation, owing to its current position in freshwater and brackish European ecosystems, considering both biomass and functioning. Cellular responses could be studied in parallel with endpoints at other levels of the biological organization to compose a more powerful biomarker suite. Furthermore, comparing biological responses to environmental stress in this invasive species and less competitive autochthonous gammarids could be of great interest.     

Could curcumin ameliorate titanium dioxide nanoparticles effect on the heart? A histopathological,immunohistochemical, and genotoxic study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evaluation of the toxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) is increasingly important due to their growing occupational...