北京市畜禽养殖业污染治理模式探讨

由于北京市农业耕地资源有限、规模化养殖场集中、畜禽养殖业管理薄弱等原因,致使大量畜禽粪便随意排放和流失,破坏生态环境。为解决北京市畜禽养殖业污染问题,在概述畜禽粪污处理技术的基础上,根据北京市畜禽养殖业污染治理现状,分析其存在的主要问题,探讨了基于区域集中式粪污处理模式,并提出了相关规划与政策建议,为北京市畜禽养殖污染治理提供经济、可行的发展方向。     

宝应县畜禽养殖业的现状调研及污染防治对策

调查了宝应县畜禽养殖业的发展现状及分布情况,阐述了该县畜禽养殖业的污染防治状况,分析了污染防治中存在的主要问题,并提出了当地畜禽养殖业污染防治的基本思路和治理措施,对贯彻落实防治措施提出了建议。     

欧美国家畜禽养殖业中雌激素管理法规及措施

畜禽养殖业已成为水体中雌激素污染物的主要来源,其危害日益凸显.以欧美雌激素兽药管理为切人点,结合环境中内分泌干扰物的研究方案和管理措施,重点考察欧盟、美国畜禽养殖业中雌激素研究进展及管理、法规体系发展历程,综合分析欧盟、美国组织开展的国际交流、合作研究等工作,明确欧盟与美国在畜禽养殖业雌激素管理法规和措施上的差异,为国...     

清洁生产与环境污染防治

清洁生产是保证可持续发展重要措施。本文讨论了清洁生产的概念、内容和其在我国的应用现状，分析了几种重污染行业的清洁生产途径，论述了清洁生产审计在我国厂工业企业中实施的具体方法。     

UASB-SBR组合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水的研究

近年来,随着中国畜禽养殖业的快速发展,落后的养殖模式和污染防治设施,使畜禽养殖污染日趋严重,畜禽养殖污染已居农业污染源之首,已成为中国环境污染的重要因素,对环境质量乃至人体健康都会产生不良影响。文中采用UASB—SBR组合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水,通过试验探讨SBR反应器启动方法及最佳运行模式,同时研究UASB反应器的启动方法。结果表明,SBR运行的最佳模式为进水0.5 h、反应8 h、沉淀1 h、出水0.5 h、闲置14 h。经过一段时间的启动,UASB和SBR反应器均成功启动,UASB—SBR组合工艺在处理畜禽养殖废水时可获得稳定的处理效果,COD、氨氮、总磷等出水水质均达到《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001)要求,为畜禽养殖废水处理的工程化应用提供了参考依据。     

中国推行清洁生产的现状与对策研究

阐述了企业实施可持续发展的必由之路是推行清洁生产，这需要借鉴发达国家的经验和教训，同时结合本国实施清洁生产的现状和推广的条件，提出了利用市场经济手段推行清洁生产的对策和建议。     

UV/H2O2联合氧化法去除畜禽养殖废水中抗生素

随着畜禽养殖业的迅猛发展,畜禽养殖废水污染问题日益突出,尤其是养殖过程中大量使用抗生素,致使畜禽养殖废水含有抗生素,成为一类新型环境危害污染物.如何有效去除畜禽养殖废水中的抗生素,成为国内外研究热点.采用UV/H2O2联合氧化法去除畜禽养殖废水中抗生素(磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺噻唑、磺胺甲噻二唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶)...     

水产养殖自身污染及其生物修复技术

介绍了生物修复的概念、水产养殖存在的自身污染问题及其主要生物修复技术.营养物污染、药物污染和底泥富集污染是水产养殖存在的主要自身污染问题;微生物修复、水生植物修复和水生动物修复是污染养殖水域生物修复的3种主要形式;微生物的有效性、生物入侵、二次污染、修复生物的季节性和非水生植物的利用等方面是实施生物修复应注意的主要方面.最后指出,推行清洁生产、实行生态养殖是水产养殖业可持续发展的出路.     

企业实施清洁生产的效益分析

在描述清洁生产内容和目标的基础上,分析了生命周期环境成本管理方法的基本原理和特点,并通过对该方法在企业实施清洁生产过程中的实际应用进行分析,说明了通过合理实施清洁生产,可以达到防治污染、提高经济效益的双重目的。     

清洁生产的宏观管理与推进

我国主要是以企业为单位来开展清洁生产实施的。以企业为单位实施清洁生产存在内在动力的不足、难以从更广泛和更系统性方面考虑问题、难以承担费用较高的改善、成果难以复制和推广等问题。针对这些问题，提出管理部门应从宏观上对清洁生产进行更多的管理与推进，应制定和推行相关法律法规和管理制度，推行清洁生产认证制度，推进产业和区域清洁生产，对企业提供政策、资金、技术和管理支持，加强清洁生产成果的总结和推广，建立和维护清洁生产的信息渠道。通过管理部门实施这些必要的规范、管理、扶持以及鼓励，保障和促进企业清洁生产的开展及全社会清洁生产的顺利推进。     

启东市畜禽养殖污染调查及防治对策思考

根据启东市第一次全国污染源普查数据,对启东市畜禽养殖污染的现状和成因进行了深入分析,并提出了对畜禽养殖污染防治的对策思考。     

Estimation of methane and nitrous oxide emission from animal production sector in Taiwan during 1990-2000

To investigate the greenhouse gases emissions from the feeding and waste management of livestock and poultry, methane and nitrous oxide emissions were estimated from the local measurement and IPCC guidelines during 1990-2000 in Taiwan. Hog is the major livestock and is followed by goat and cattle, while chicken is the major poultry and is followed by duck and geese. Methane emission from enteric fermentation of livestock was 30.9 Gg in 1990, increased to 39.3 Gg in 1996, and then decreased gradually to 34.9 Gg in 2000. Methane emission from the waste management was 48.5 Gg in 1990, reached the peak value of 60.7 Gg in 1996, and then declined to 43.3 Gg in 2000. In the case of poultry, annual methane emission from enteric fermentation and waste management was 30.6-44.1 ton, and 8.7-13.2 Gg, respectively. Nitrous oxide emission from waste management of livestock was 0.78 ton in 1990, increased to 0.86 ton in 1996, and then decreased to 0.65 ton in 2000. Nitrous oxide emission from waste management of poultry was higher than that of livestock with 1.11 ton in 1990, 1.68 ton in 1999, and 1.65 ton in 2000. There is an urgent need to reduce methane emission from enteric fermentation and recover methane from anaerobic waste treatment for energy in livestock and poultry feeding in Taiwan.     

三级串联人工快渗系统处理养殖废水

人工快速渗滤系统（constructed rapid infiltration,CRI）是在传统的污水快速渗透系统上发展起来的一种新的生物处理方法。采用猪粪浸泡污水模拟实际猪场处理系统的厌氧出水,研究三级串联人工快渗系统对其污染物的去除效果。试验结果表明,三级串联系统对废水COD、NH3N的去除率稳定在81%和94.5%,出水均满足了《畜禽养殖行业污染物排放标准》（GB18596-2001）的要求,同时三级串联系统还可以有效预防系统的堵塞。     

Distribution of genetic elements associated with antibiotic resistance in treated and untreated animal husbandry waste and wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Animal breeding for meat production based on swine, cattle, poultry, and aquaculture is an activity that generates several impacts on the environment,...     

Diffusion pollution from livestock and poultry rearing in the Yangtze Delta,China

BACKGROUND: The Yangtze Delta is one of the most developed regions in China and includes Shanghai, eight cities in Jiangsu province and eight cities in Zhejiang province. Meat consumption in this region has increased with economic growth, and most of the consumed meat is produced locally. The water quality of surface waters has deteriorated in recent years. An example was the huge blue-green algae bloom in Tai Lake in late May 2007, which affected millions of people's daily drinking water. However, animal husbandry is considered to be one of the main pollution sources. METHODS: Pollutants (NH3-N, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN)) excreted by livestock and poultry, and the resultant COD (chemical oxygen demand) and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), were estimated using two different methods based on different data sets. RESULTS: The number of livestock and poultry has remained stable in the Yangtze Delta over the four years from 1999 to 2002, with the average number of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry being 21.1 M, 0.4 M, 7.7 M and 597.6 M, respectively. Pollutants in livestock and poultry excreta estimated by Method I were: 0.12 Mt NH3-N, 0.11 Mt TP and 0.29 Mt TN, resulting in COD and BOD of 1.34 Mt and 1.30 Mt, respectively, while the estimations based on Method II were: 0.18 Mt NH3-N, 0.15 Mt TP and 0.40 Mt TN, resulting in COD and BOD of 1.95 Mt and 1.80 Mt, respectively. DISCUSSION: Pollutants excreted annually by livestock and poultry in the Yangtze Delta are estimated to be: 0.17 Mt NH3-N, 0.16 Mt TP and 0.42 Mt TN, giving rise to a COD of 1.86 Mt and a BOD of 1.72 Mt. Approximately 25% of this pollution was estimated to enter water bodies, which means that the annual pollutant load is 43,700 t NH3-N, 39,400 tTP, 104,600t TN with a COD of 465,000 tand a BOD of 430,100 t. Pollutants from animal husbandry were similar in magnitude to those from industrial wastewater. Pigs produced the most pollution, followed by poultry, cattle and sheep. The pollution load from animal husbandry in the Yangtze Delta is about twice the average level of the whole of China. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic wastewater was the main pollution source in the Yangtze Delta, followed by pollution from raising livestock and poultry and from industrial wastewater. The pollution load in Shanghai and Jiaxing were the greatest, followed by 7 cities of Jiangsu province (except Suzhou) and other cities of Zhejiang province and Suzhou. Pigs and poultry produced about 90% of the total pollutants from animal husbandry. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The local governments, especially in Shanghai and Jiaxing, should focus their attention on the pollution produced by livestock and poulrry. Controlling pollution from pigs and poultry will have the greatest impact in this region. Control of pollution will be facilitated by the development of large-scale livestock and poultry farming units and a shift away from small scale husbandry.     

Ammonia emission from grassland and livestock production systems in the UK

Emissions of ammonia were measured from livestock excreta and fertilisers applied to grass swards, from grazed paddocks, from decomposing grass herbage and from an animal house containing dairy cows. Emissions from urine, dung, slurry and fertilisers were determined using a system of wind tunnels with each tunnel covering an area of 1 m(2). Emissions from grazed swards were determined using a micrometeorological mass balance method. From the results of these measurements, together with other published information, an inventory for ammonia emissions has been calculated for grassland and livestock production systems over the UK as a whole. It is estimated that emissions from grassland and cattle and sheep production amount to about 230 kt NH(3)-N annually, while emissions from pig and poultry production amount to about 40 kt and 80 kt NH(3)-N, respectively.     

Reduction of nitrogen excretion and emission in poultry: A review for organic poultry

Organic poultry is an alternative to conventional poultry which is rapidly developing as a response to customers' demand for better food and a cleaner environment. Although organic poultry manure can partially be utilized by organic horticultural producers, litter accumulation as well as excessive nitrogen still remains a challenge to maintain environment pureness, animal, and human health. Compared to conventional poultry, diet formulation without nitrogen overloading in organic poultry is even more complicated due to specific standards and regulations which limit the application of some supplements and imposes specific criteria to the ingredients in use. This is especially valid for methionine provision which supplementation as a crystalline form is only temporarily allowed. This review is focused on the utilization of various protein sources in the preparation of a diet composed of 100% organic ingredients which meet the avian physiology need for methionine, while avoiding protein overload. The potential to use unconventional protein sources such as invertebrates and microbial proteins to achieve optimal amino acid provision is also discussed.     

Heat stress alters serum lipid metabolism of Chinese indigenous broiler chickens-a lipidomics study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heat stress (HS) by high-temperature environment reduced the production performance of poultry and caused losses to the breeding industry. The present...