“工业危废处置与资源化利用先进技术交流大会”暨危废产业技术创新联盟年会在成都召开

<正>2019年11月8-11日,由西南石油大学作为理事长单位的危废产业技术创新联盟、西南石油大学科研处、西南石油大学工业危废处置与资源化利用研究院、西南石油大学化学化工学院、中国危废技术网等共同主办的"工业危废处置与资源化利用先进技术交流大会"暨危废产业技术创新联盟年会在成都召开。会议支持媒体《环境工程学报》的学术编辑一行3人出席了此次会议。学术编辑靳炜作了题为《环境工程学报对工业危废处置与资源化     

浙江省环境保护科学设计研究院 固体废物处置与环境修复研究所

正研究方向土壤污染防治与控制技术固废资源化、无害化利用区域环境修复与质量管理业务范围污染场地及地下水调查、风险评估及修复技术咨询进口废物环境保护报告编制、申报材料编制及相关技术核查污泥减量化、无害化处置与资源利用技术咨询及技术核查危废及固废领域相关技术咨询、设计及技术核查技术力量自1999年起,我院从事固废领域环境咨询已经近15年,相关技术人员经验十分丰富。目前研究所拥有教授级高工1人,博士1人、具有中高级职称人员占人员总数的60%以上。     

浙江省环境保护科学设计研究院固体废物处置与环境修复研究所

正研究方向·土壤污染防治与控制技术·固废资源化、无害化利用·区域环境修复与质量管理业务范围·污染场地及地下水调查、风险评估及修复技术咨询·进口废物环境保护报告编制、申报材料编制及相关技术核查·污泥减量化、无害化处置与资源利用技术咨询及技术核查·危废及固废领域相关技术咨询、设计及技术核查技术力量自1999年起,我院从事固废领域环境咨询已经近15年,相关技术人员经验十分丰富。目前研究所拥有教授级高工1人,博士1人、具有中高级职称人员占人员总数的60%以上。     

同步辐射光谱技术在有机固废污染控制与资源化研究中的应用

有机固废中碳、磷、硫及重金属等元素赋存形态是决定其环境行为、反应活性及资源化再利用的关键因素.同步辐射光谱技术可以在分子水平、微纳米尺度原位表征有机固废中碳、磷、硫、重金属等元素赋存形态、结合位点、微观结构,为深入阐明有机固废环境行为、反应机制提供直接的证据.概述了X射线吸收光谱、微束X射线荧光光谱等同步辐射光谱技术在有机固废污染控制与资源化研究的中应用进展,并对同步辐射光谱技术在该领域应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望,以期为有机固废资源化再利用及其污染控制等研究提供参考.     

废LCD面板有机材料水热资源化产乙酸

LCD面板主要由附着偏光片及液晶等有机材料的玻璃面板构成。有机材料的去除及资源化利用是废LCD面板处理的第一步。在水热条件下对废LCD面板进行了降解产酸研究。研究考察了反应温度、反应时间、氧化剂用量、水用量及pH值等对水热产乙酸产率及选择性的影响。通过正交实验确定了水热产乙酸的最佳操作条件：反应温度325℃,反应时间5min,氧化剂（30％H2O2）0．6mL,用水量2mL,近中性环境（pH6-6．5去离子水）。此条件下,乙酸产率及选择性分别为68．83％及70．56％。结果表明,以废LCD面板有机材料为原料,采用水热技术进行产乙酸反应,可实现其资源化再利用。     

选矿技术在城市固体废弃物资源化中的应用

选矿技术作为一种成熟的矿物分离技术已广泛应用于城市固体废弃物资源化领域 ,促进了环境的保护和资源的综合回收 ;同时也开辟了选矿技术新的应用领域。结合实例介绍国内外常用的各种城市固体废弃物的分选工艺 ,指出选矿技术的运用对固体废弃物的资源化有着重要的实际意义     

废线路板资源化利用企业环保准入条件初步研究——以江苏省为例

介绍了中国废线路板资源化利用的主要方法及存在的环境问题.结合江苏省废线路板资源化利用行业的发展现状,分析了对废线路板资源化利用企业制定环保准人条件的必要性,并初步建立了一套废线路板资源化利用企业的环保准人指标体系,对企业布局及要求,原料的来源、运输和贮存,生产工艺和设备,环境保护,安全生产和监督管理等6个方面做出了较为...     

选矿技术在城市固体废弃物资源化中的应用

选矿技术作为一种成熟的矿物分离技术已广泛应用于城市固体废弃物资源化领域，促进了环境的保护和资源的综合回收；同时也开辟了选矿技术新的应用领域。结合实例介绍国内外常用的各种城市固体废弃物的分选工艺，指出选矿技术的运用对固体废弃物的资源化有着重要的实际意义。     

青霉素废菌丝体制备石膏缓凝剂联产活性炭

青霉素废菌丝体是一种制药行业的危险固体废弃物。利用其富含蛋白质的特点,采用微波加热水解法制备一种新型建筑石膏缓凝剂(WPM缓凝剂),同时将制备缓凝剂后的滤渣用于制备活性炭。经过实验研究,确定的缓凝剂制备适宜工艺条件为:温度80℃,pH值11,时间10 min。得到滤渣制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:炭化时间为1 h,炭化温度为300℃,活化剂Zn Cl2浓度为20%,液固比为3.0。本工艺较好地解决了焚烧处置、堆放填埋或直接生产活性炭等处理方法造成的环境二次污染问题以及用作动物饲料可能导致的抗生素滥用问题,实现了青霉素废菌丝体的安全、清洁利用。     

固体废弃物的堆肥化处理技术

固体废弃物已成为限制城市发展的重要环境问题.堆肥化处理是固体废弃物资源化利用的一种方式,已逐渐被国内外所重视.本文综述了现有的三种堆肥化系统:条垛式系统、通气静态垛式系统和发酵仓式系统,介绍了三种系统的优缺点.     

Contaminants in waste foundry sand and its leachate

The environmental characteristics of Waste Foundry Sands (WFS), including chemicals in WFS and its leachate, are essential in understanding the environmental impact, rational disposal and potential development of beneficial applications of this solid industrial waste. This paper presents an assessment of broad-spectrum chemicals (metallic, non-metallic and organic chemicals) in aspects of their statistics (mean, median and the 95th percentile) in dry-weight WFS and WFS leachates based on laboratory measurements of 594 WFS samples from 123 foundry facilities in the USA. Results indicate that WFS is basically not hazardous except a risk associated with WFS from copper-based foundry facilities. Leachability of metallic chemicals varies among investigated WFS. A clear delineation between different leaching protocols is implicated.     

Multifunctional metal-organic frameworks in oil spills and associated organic pollutant remediation

The release of toxic organic compounds into the environment in an event of oil spillage is a global menace due to the potential impacts on the ecosystem. Several approaches have been employed for oil spills clean-up, with adsorption technique proven to be more promising for the total reclamation of a polluted site. Of the several adsorbents so far reported, adsorbent-based porous materials have gained attention for the reduction/total removal of different compounds in environmental remediation applications. The superior potential of mesoporous materials based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) against conventional adsorbents is due to their intriguing and enhanced properties. Therefore, this review presents recent development in MOF composites; methods of preparation; and their practical applications towards remediating oil spill, organic pollutants, and toxic gases in different environmental media, as well as potential materials in the possible deployment in reclaiming the polluted Niger Delta due to unabated oil spillage and gas flaring.

     

风量对高频气力分选机分选效率及金属分布规律的影响——以废弃印刷电路板粉末为例

以金属高富集粒级0.5～0.125 mm的废弃电路板为分选物料,通过ICP-AES测定分选产品,研究了风量对高频气力分选机分选效率及金属分布规律的影响.结果表明,风量变化对分选效率及金属分布规律影响显著,当风量为200m3/h时分选效率达到最大值78.23％,铜品位为86.745％,相比原料中铜品位13.96％,富集约6.2倍.随着风量的变化,金属的分布呈现规律性变化:密度比铜大或与铜相差不多的金属颗粒(铅、铂和锌等),其变化规律与铜相似,回收率在85％左右变化;密度比铜小很多的金属颗粒(铝、镁等),由于其密度与分选物料中的非金属非常接近,在分选过程中会随非金属带人轻产物中去,从而造成重产物中铝和镁品位最低,甚至低于其在原料中的品位.所以若要分离富集铝和镁,须对分选后的物料进行二次分选.     

Volcano-related materials in concretes: a comprehensive review

Massive volcano-related materials (VRMs) erupted from volcanoes bring the impacts to natural environment and humanity health worldwide, which include generally volcanic ash (VA), volcanic pumice (VP), volcanic tuff (VT), etc. Considering the pozzolanic activities and mechanical characters of these materials, civil engineers propose to use them in low carbon/cement and environment-friendly concrete industries as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) or artificial/natural aggregates. The utilization of VRMs in concretes has attracted increasing and pressing attentions from research community. Through a literature review, this paper presents comprehensively the properties of VRMs and VRM concretes (VRMCs), including the physical and chemical properties of raw VRMs and VRMCs, and the fresh, microstructural and mechanical properties of VRMCs. Besides, considering environmental impacts and the development of long-term properties, the durability and stability properties of VRMCs also are summarized in this paper. The former focuses on the resistance properties of VRMCs when subjected to aggressive environmental impacts such as chloride, sulfate, seawater, and freezing–thawing. The latter mainly includes the fatigue, creep, heat-insulating, and expansion properties of VRMCs. This study will be helpful to promote the sustainability in concrete industries, protect natural environment, and reduce the impacts of volcano disaster. Based on this review, some main conclusions are discussed and important recommendations regarding future research on the application of VRMs in concrete industries are provided.     

Informal E-waste recycling in developing countries: review of metal(loid)s pollution,environmental impacts and transport pathways

Crude or primitive recycling practices are often adopted in material resource recovery from E-waste in developing nations. Significant human health and environmental impacts may occur because of such practices. Literature on metal(loid)s pollution during E-waste processing is fragmented. Here, I review the health and environmental impacts of E-waste recycling operations and transport pathways of metal(loid)s, dispersed during operations. This paper is organised into five sections. Section 1 relates to the background of global E-waste generation and legal/illegal trade, citing specific cases from Ghana and other developing nations. Section 2 provides a brief information on sources of metal(loid)s in E-waste. Section 3 describes characteristics of informal E-waste recycling operations in developing nations. Section 4 examines the health and environmental impacts in E-waste recycling while section 5 evaluates major transport pathways of metal(loid)s contaminants.     

Role of casting and curing conditions on the strength and drying shrinkage of greener concrete

The shrinkage of cement-based materials is a critical dimensional property that needs proper attention as it can influence the corresponding characteristics especially when the preparation of such cement-based material is done in hot weather. Studies have shown that the casting or curing conditions influence the performance of concrete. However, there is limited understanding of the combined role of casting temperature and curing conditions, especially for concrete made with unconventional binders. In this study, five supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were utilized as the substitute of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at different ratios to produce greener concrete and improve its characteristics and sustainability. The influence of four casting temperatures (i.e., 25 °C, 32 °C, 38 °C, and 45 °C) and two curing regimes (i.e., covering of samples using wet burlap and applying curing compound on the surface of samples) on the corresponding compressive strength and drying shrinkage at various ages was studied. The outcomes of this research revealed that the composition of the binders has a substantial impact on the characteristics of concrete. In addition, the casting temperature and curing regimes also have a huge role on the compressive strength of concrete produced with binary binders. For example, the compressive strength at 3 days of concrete made at 25 °C made with binary binders was reduced up to 31% compared to that made with only OPC as the binder when cured using wet burlap. Nonetheless, less than 38 ℃ was suitable to minimize the durability issues in the studied blended cement mixes.

     

Perceived and measured levels of environmental pollution: interdisciplinary research in the subarctic lowlands of northeast European Russia

Using interdisciplinary field research in the Usa Basin, northeast European Russia, we compared local inhabitants' perception of environmental problems with chemical and remote-sensing signatures of environmental pollution and their local impacts. Extensive coal mining since the 1930s around Inta and Vorkuta has left a legacy of pollution, detected by measuring snowpack, topsoil, and lichen chemistry, together with remote-sensing techniques and analysis of lake water and sediments. Vorkuta and its environs suffered the worst impacts, with significant metal loading and alkalization in lakes and topsoils, elevated metals and cations in terricolous (reindeer) lichens, and changes in vegetation communities. Although the coal industry has declined recently, the area boasts a booming oil and gas industry, based around Usinsk. Local perceptions and concerns of environmental pollution and protection were higher in Usinsk, as a result of increased awareness after a major oil spill in 1994, compared with Vorkuta's inhabitants, who perceived air pollution as the primary environmental threat. Our studies indicate that the principal sources of atmospheric emissions and local deposition within 25 to 40 km of Vorkuta were coal combustion from power and heating plants, coal mines, and a cement factory. Local people evaluated air pollution from direct observations and personal experiences, such as discoloration of snow and respiratory problems, whereas scientific knowledge played a minor role in shaping these perceptions.     

Implications of geographic variability on Comparative Toxicity Potentials of Cu, Ni and Zn in freshwaters of Canadian ecoregions

Current methods of estimating potential environmental impacts of metals in hazard and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) do not consider differences in chemistry and landscape properties between geographic sites. Here, we developed and applied a model for regional aquatic impact characterization of metals using an updated method for estimating environmental fate factor (FF), bioavailability factor (BF) and aquatic ecotoxicity factor (EF). We applied the model to analyze differences in Comparative Toxicity Potentials (CTPs) of Cu, Ni and Zn for 24 Canadian ecoregions. The combined impacts of regional variability in ambient chemistry (in particular DOC, pH and hardness) and landscape properties (water residence time) can change the CTPs of these metals for freshwater by up to three orders of magnitude and change the relative ranking of metal hazard between ecoregions. Variation among Canadian freshwater chemistries and landscape characteristics influence the FFs within two orders of magnitude, BFs within two orders of magnitude for Ni and Zn and four orders of magnitude for Cu, and EFs within one order of magnitude. Sensitivity of metal FFs to environmental parameters alone spans three orders of magnitude when a constant water chemistry was used for all ecoregions. These results indicate that application of regionalised metal CTPs can have a significant influence in the analysis of ecotoxicological impacts in the life cycle assessment of products and processes.     

Mitigating environmental impact of waste glass materials: review of the existing reclamation options and future outlook

The environmental impact of waste glass (WG) is one of the major challenges crippling sustainable waste management and mitigation. Reclamation of recycled materials from waste glass remains a tedious task amidst complex technological approaches. The challenge as seen in the global containment measures increase the proportion of waste glass and minimize the existing capacity of landfill space. In many works, findings have shown how best to minimize the impact of waste glass as evidenced in their inclusion as building materials such as cement, mortars, concretes and blocks. The concept of this paper is to appraise previous studies carried out on the use of waste glass as key contributing factor in structural building. The scope of this paper will be broaden to include various successes recorded in the evolution of concrete mixtures containing different proportion of recycle glass. Part of the setbacks noted in the inclusion of these recycled materials as matrix, filler or fibre are also reported in this paper. Also discussed is the durability of glass materials in varying conglomerate involving cement in reinforcement of building and structures. Thermal insulating properties of recycled glass are also considered in this work where considerable energy is saved due to their low thermal conductivity. Based on the analysis of various studies and other factors considered in this paper, it is established that recycled glass materials can be accommodated in structural buildings, while continuous research is necessary to adapt waste glass to high pH value of Portland cement.

     

Environmental impact assessment of salmonid feeds using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Understanding the environmental burdens associated with aquafeeds is a critical component for assessing and improving the environmental performance of aquaculture. The aim of the study was to assess the environmental impacts associated with feeds for rainbow trout production in France, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The stages assessed are: the extraction of the raw materials, the production and transformation of the primary ingredients used, the manufacturing of the feeds, the use of the feeds at the farm, transport at all stages, and the production and use of energy resources. The assessment revealed that the use of fishery resources (such as biotic resource use) and nutrient emissions at the farm (such as eutrophication potential) contribute most to the potential environmental impacts of salmonid aquafeeds. Improvements in feed composition and management practices seem to be the best ways for improving the environmental profile of aquafeeds.