从废电池中回收钴和锂的封闭处理工艺

日本某重工业公司开发了一种从废弃的锂电池电极中回收高纯度金属钴的处理工艺。截至日前，除了采用一种昂贵的金属提炼方法外，对从电池中回收的钻进行再利用是非常困难的。     

国内外报废汽车回收利用现状与趋势

首先分析了报废汽车回收的意义和必要性,然后对国内外报废汽车回收利用的现状作了重点介绍,最后展望了未来发展趋势.     

一种废电池资源化处理方法

该发明涉及一种废电池资源化处理方法，特别针对高污染、高毒性的废弃镍镉电池。将废弃镍镉电池破开处理，经添加助燃物使加热燃烧时炉内产生压力，后经密闭炉间接加热方式使废弃镉镍电池充分氧化，镉金属在600℃气化，将气化的镉金属急速冷凝还原成金属镉回收，而未还原成金属的氧化镉则另外回收，燃烧剩下的铁镍金属再以磁性分离的方式回收。／CN1536706，2004—10-13     

废旧手机的回收利用及资源化管理对策

随着经济的发展,市场上手机风格变化日新月异,大量手机由于报废或过时被淘汰下来,废旧手机的资源化回收利用成为一个新的环境问题.介绍了国内外废旧手机回收利用状况、处理方法和工艺流程,重点介绍了贵金属和废塑料的回收与利用,并针对我国手机回收和资源化管理存在的实际问题提出了切实的建议.     

让"放错地方的资源"大循环--城市生活垃圾回收利用与处理新思路

随着经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,城市生活垃圾与日俱增,环境污染问题突出,垃圾处理的发展方向和技术路线已成为人们关注的热点.坚持"垃圾是放错地方的资源"理念的基础上,分析了当前各种垃圾处理方式存在的主要问题,提出了垃圾回收利用与处理的新思路.     

邢台市出台《再生资源回收管理办法》

《邢台市再生资源回收管理办法》（以下简称《办法》）将于2012年12月1日开始实施,完善全市再生资源回收利用体系建设,实现再生资源产业化、资源化和无害化。     

从废干电池回收锌生产纳米氧化锌粉

说明了废旧电池的危害,提出了对废旧干电池中锰粉、碳棒、铜帽、锌皮等可再利用资源的回收利用方法.着重介绍了从锌皮制取纳米级氧化锌的优惠工艺条件,对所制得的氧化锌产物进行的X射线衍射分析和TEM分析,表明所得的产品为高纯纳米氧化锌粉.进而指出了纳米氧化锌粉在橡胶工业、陶瓷材料以及高科技磁性材料产品中的用途.     

借鉴国外经验促进我国塑料废弃物回收再利用

随着世界塑料工业的发展,带来塑料制品的普遍使用,同时产生了大量塑料废弃物,给环境带来了巨大的负担.美国、德国、日本在塑料废弃物的回收利用方面制订了比较完善的政策法规,建立了行之有效的社会回收与再利用系统.中国塑料废弃物的回收利用形势比较严峻,应借鉴于国外的经验,建立更为完善的法规对塑料废弃物进行合理的回收再利用.     

废旧塑料的分离与回收利用

简要地论述了回收废旧塑料的意义，介绍了几种主要的分离与回收混合废塑料的方法以及重新利用的加工技术。     

国外废干电池的回收利用及其管理

就国外电池的生产、销售以及回收与处理利用的全过程立法管理和社会化回收体系建设作了系统介绍,并就我国的废电池回收与处理利用管理提出了相应建议.     

Carbon--making the right choice for waste management in developing countries

Due to initiatives such as the clean development mechanism (CDM), reducing greenhouse gas emissions for a developing country can offer an important route to attracting investment in a variety of qualifying project areas, including waste management. To date CDM projects have been largely confined to schemes that control emission from landfill, but projects that avoid landfilling are beginning to be submitted. In considering the waste options which might be suitable for developing countries certain ones, such as energy from waste, have been discounted for a range of reasons related primarily to the lack of technical and other support services required for these more sophisticated process trains. The paper focuses on six options: the base case of open dumping; three options for landfill (passive venting, gas capture with flaring, and gas capture with energy production), composting and anaerobic digestion with electricity production and composting of the digestate. A range of assumptions were necessary for making the comparisons based on the effective carbon emissions, and these assumptions will change from project to project. The highest impact in terms of carbon emissions was from using a sanitary landfill without either gas flaring or electricity production; this was worse than the baseline case using open dumpsites. Landfills with either flaring or energy production from the collected gas both produced similar positive carbon emissions, but these were substantially lower than both open dumping and sanitary landfill without flaring or energy production. Composting or anaerobic digestion with energy production and composting of the digestate were the two best options with composting being neutral in terms of carbon emissions and anaerobic digestion being carbon negative. These generic conclusions were tested for sensitivity by modifying the input waste composition and were found to be robust, suggesting that subject to local study to confirm assumptions made, the opportunity for developing CDM projects to attract investment to improved waste management infrastructure is significant. Kyoto credits in excess of 1 tCO2e/t of waste could be realised.     

国外城市垃圾回收利用与管理的新动向

介绍发达国家美、日、德、瑞士、澳大利亚、新加坡等城市生活垃圾回收利用、管理与政策方面的最新发展动向。     

Planning for future waste management operations in developing countries

The proper management of waste has several aspects: political, social, environmental, economic and technical. While the objectives of waste management policy differ little from country to country, the methods used to achieve them must be adapted to the prevailing circumstances in each. These factors include the availability of technical, economic, and human resources, and the competition that exists for them from other demands of national policy, especially in developing countries.There is no single correct method to achieve proper waste management. Nevertheless there are common needs that must be addressed by all nations that wish to manage their wastes better. These needs will include: adequate knowledge of the types of waste to be disposed of, how much there is, where it arises, who produces it, and what happens to it. It is also necessary to forecast how the present circumstances will change, and to identify appropriate methods to ensure that what should be done with waste is done. As forecasting the nature and quantity of waste that will arise in the future is difficult, an administrative mechanism is needed to ensure the regular supply of up-to-date data.In any city it is possible to equate the standard of waste management with the overall “standard of living” enjoyed by its inhabitants. Rising expectations of environmental improvement mean that disposal facilities must be appropriately designed, engineered and managed. They must also be planned for the future. The preparation of a thorough and effective plan is a lengthy task if done manually, and the discussion introduces the benefits that can be obtained from the use of computer models to assist, but not replace, human involvement in the preparation of a plan. Brief reference will be made to waste management models already used by waste managers to produce and update plans.     

废旧纺织品的回收及再利用

随着人民生活水平的不断提高,居民家中淘汰的各类废旧纺织品的产生量快速增加。废旧纺织品作为一种可再生资源,其复杂性影响了回收后的资源化利用。废旧纺织品分类回收和再生纤维加工,提高了废旧纺织品回收及再利用水平,有助于弥补我国纺织原材料供给不足,实现织物资源的循环利用。     

Systems approaches to integrated solid waste management in developing countries

Solid waste management (SWM) has become an issue of increasing global concern as urban populations continue to rise and consumption patterns change. The health and environmental implications associated with SWM are mounting in urgency, particularly in the context of developing countries. While systems analyses largely targeting well-defined, engineered systems have been used to help SWM agencies in industrialized countries since the 1960s, collection and removal dominate the SWM sector in developing countries. This review contrasts the history and current paradigms of SWM practices and policies in industrialized countries with the current challenges and complexities faced in developing country SWM. In industrialized countries, public health, environment, resource scarcity, climate change, and public awareness and participation have acted as SWM drivers towards the current paradigm of integrated SWM. However, urbanization, inequality, and economic growth; cultural and socio-economic aspects; policy, governance, and institutional issues; and international influences have complicated SWM in developing countries. This has limited the applicability of approaches that were successful along the SWM development trajectories of industrialized countries. This review demonstrates the importance of founding new SWM approaches for developing country contexts in post-normal science and complex, adaptive systems thinking.     

Sustainable solutions for solid waste management in Southeast Asian countries

Human activities generate waste and the amounts tend to increase as the demand for quality of life increases. Today’s rate in the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEANs) is alarming, posing a challenge to governments regarding environmental pollution in the recent years. The expectation is that eventually waste treatment and waste prevention approaches will develop towards sustainable waste management solutions. This expectation is for instance reflected in the term ‘zero emission systems’. The concept of zero emissions can be applied successfully with today’s technical possibilities in the agro-based processing industry. First, the state-of-the-art of waste management in Southeast Asian countries will be outlined in this paper, followed by waste generation rates, sources, and composition, as well as future trends of waste. Further on, solutions for solid waste management will be reviewed in the discussions of sustainable waste management. The paper emphasizes the concept of waste prevention through utilization of all wastes as process inputs, leading to the possibility of creating an ecosystem in a loop of materials. Also, a case study, focusing on the citrus processing industry, is displayed to illustrate the application of the aggregated material input–output model in a widespread processing industry in ASEAN. The model can be shown as a closed cluster, which permits an identification of opportunities for reducing environmental impacts at the process level in the food processing industry. Throughout the discussion in this paper, the utilization of renewable energy and economic aspects are considered to adapt to environmental and economic issues and the aim of eco-efficiency. Additionally, the opportunities and constraints of waste management will be discussed.     

Setting priorities for waste management strategies in developing countries.

This study aimed to determine whether the waste management systems, that are presently applied in affluent countries are appropriate solutions for waste management in less developed regions. For this purpose, three cities (Vienna, Damascus and Dhaka) which differ greatly in their gross domestic product and waste management were compared. The criteria for evaluation were economic parameters, and indicators as to whether the goals of waste management (protection of human health and the environment, the conservation of resources) were reached. Based on case studies, it was found that for regions spending 1-10 Euro capita(-1) year(-1) for waste management, the 'waste hierarchy' of prevention, recycling and disposal is not an appropriate strategy. In such regions, the improvement of disposal systems (complete collection, upgrading to sanitary landfilling) is the most cost-effective method to reach the objectives of solid waste management. Concepts that are widely applied in developed countries such as incineration and mechanical waste treatment are not suitable methods to reach waste management goals in countries where people cannot spend more than 10 Euro per person for the collection, treatment and disposal of their waste. It is recommended that each region first determines its economic capacity for waste management and then designs its waste management system according to this capacity and the goals of waste management.