我国废弃物押金回收法制的发展与建构

废弃物押金回收是一种规范消费者行为、内部化环境成本、提高回收率的重要经济工具。虽然《循环经济法》为我国废弃物押金回收法制提供了明确的法律依据,相关政策也提出针对手机、电池、充电器、塑料瓶等探索押金回收,但相关细则尚不明确。我国应当制定废弃物押金回收法制推行的时间表,建立强制实施的处罚条款。明确押金收取标准、用途管理,设立押金基金,采取多元化押金返还模式,设定差异化、激励性押金返还标准。同时,还应当进一步完善回收机构准入与布局、回收信息登记及回收标识等废弃物回收的配套规则。     

废旧电池资源化技术的研究分析

废旧干电池的回收利用技术主要有湿法和火法两种冶金处理方法.而与湿法回收相比,火法回收更为理想.火法能有效地处理并回收电池中的汞,且回收效率高.作为实现环境与经济协调发展的重要途径,循环经济的根本之源就是保护日益稀缺的资源,因此,结合我国国情在宣传、立法、回收利用的技术工业化研究等方面提出了一些使废干电池能够尽快资源化可行性建议.     

价格激励对我国农村生活固体垃圾回收的效应分析

农村生活固体垃圾回收对减少垃圾污染有着重要的作用。本文利用6省1 118个农户的调查数据,实证分析了垃圾销售价格对垃圾回收的影响。研究结果表明,垃圾销售价格对纸制品类、塑料制品类垃圾的回收量有着显著的正效应。当这两类垃圾的回收价格增加0.1元.kg-1,我国农村每年纸制品、塑料制品垃圾分别可以增加回收61.52万t和34.45万t。为了减少农村生活固体垃圾污染,改善农村生活环境,建议政府在制定农村垃圾回收、处理等政策时,可以考虑通过对回收品的价格补贴等手段,来增加纸制品、塑料制品垃圾回收。     

以制度保障固体废弃物的回收再利用

正世界上,一些国家通过立法明确了生产商、进口商、销售商和消费者等利益相关方在固体废弃物回收再利用中的责任,收取回收处理费,建设回收物流系统,配套税收优惠,形成了较完善的回收再利用体系。目前我国固体废弃物回收再利用的相关法律法规可执行性还不够强,覆盖面还不够广,群众环保意识较差,回收物流系统建设相对滞后。应借鉴国外先进经验,通过完善立法、制度建设和相应的税收政策,有效提升我国固体废弃物的回收再利用水平。     

一种安全、节能的有机溶剂回收技术

本文介绍了一种安全、节能的有机溶剂回收工艺。运行数据表明，与传统回收工艺相比，该回收工艺具有安全性高、运行能耗低、二次污染少等特点，具有非常广阔的应用前景。     

建筑与建筑拆除废弃物的回收:基础工具

本文主要讲述了建筑与建筑拆除废弃物回收的基础工具,包括建筑废弃物管理的基本元素、废弃物材料的重新使用、回收的团队管理、回收培训和管理方案、循环材料的运输几个方面的内容。     

加油站油气回收系统存在问题及对策分析

文章论述了国内外油气回收技术的发展历程,指出了我国油气回收技术应用过程中存在的问题：尚未形成油气回收闭合回路;油气回收设计不合理,难以达到预期效果;尚未建立统一、规范的油气回收设备检测程序.为解决目前油气回收工作中所面临的问题,提出整改措施：建立油气回收闭合回路,优化组合油气回收方案,建立统一的油气回收检测标准.     

论静脉产业的法律调整

从静脉产业的概念入手，通过一系列的数据反映我国特别是河北省在工业固体废物、建筑垃圾、报废的机动车船、废旧家电、城市生活垃圾等静脉产业的实际状态和水平，并且探讨了调整静脉产业的现有法律制度及立法空白，提出了尽快出台《循环经济法》；修订《清洁生产促进法》和《固体废弃物污染防治法》；加紧制定《促进容器与包装分类回收法》、《家用电器回收法》、《建筑及材料回收法》、《食品回收法》、《垃圾回收利用法》及《绿色采购法》等立法建议。     

基于微生物法回收PCB中金属的研究进展

文章概述了微生物法回收印刷线路板中金属的研究进展,包括常用的菌种、浸出机理、影响因素等内容,阐述了微生物法回收印刷线路板中铜等普通金属的国内外研究现状,重点讨论了微生物法回收具有较高经济价值的稀贵金属的研究现状,并对微生物法回收金属的研究方向和前景做了展望。     

韩国的电视冰箱等回收利用制度

从今年1月1日起,韩国实行《生产者负责回收利用制度》。所谓的生产者负责回收利用制度,是让产品及包装材料的生产者承担回收利用义务,并在产品的设计、制造过程中通过对材料、设备的选择和对结构的改善,达到废弃物的减量化目标并促进回收利用的制度。目前,欧盟十五国和日本、台湾等国家和地区也在实行这种制度。须回收利用的品种有电视、冰箱等电子产品以及包括塑料瓶等包装材料共18个品种。其中,电视、冰箱、空调、洗衣机、电脑等15个品种已从今年开始实行。由于缺乏回收利用工厂或技术,尚没有回收利用能力的荧光灯等几类的包装材料将从200…     

Including Riparian Vegetation in the Definition of Morphologic Reference Conditions for Large Rivers: A Case Study for Europe’s Western Plains

Methods for defining and retrieving reference conditions for large rivers were explored with emphasis on hydromorphologic and biologic quality indicators. For a set of four large rivers in the European Western Plains ecoregion, i.e., the rivers Meuse, Loire, Allier, and Dordogne, reference reaches were selected based on geomorphologic characteristics. A survey of riparian land use, vegetation, and bed geometry was done for the selected reaches. Responses of the riparian landscape to hydromorphologic conditions were determined with a set of existing and newly developed measures of riparian dynamics and forest development. Strong correlations were observed at the reach and local levels between the ratios of width to depth and embankment and the developed measures of riparian dynamics and forest. Boundary conditions for riparian forest development were determined for the hydromorphologic and biologic indicators of riparian dynamics and vegetation structure. These conditions also proved useful for determining the presence of sustainable populations of Populus nigra and Salix purpurea. From this agreement between abiotic and biotic boundary conditions, a set of useful reference conditions was determined, and a framework for the definition of reference and good status conditions subsequently evolved. Finally, a proposal for assessment and monitoring the proposed indicators is discussed for its applicability.     

Fabrication and characterization of electrospun porous cellulose acetate nanofibrous mats incorporated with capric acid as form-stable phase change materials for storing/retrieving thermal energy

Electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats incorporated with capric acid was studied to fabricate form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) for storing/retrieving thermal energy. Electrospun CA nanofibrous mats with different porous structures and specific surface areas were firstly prepared through regulating the volume ratio of mixture solvent of acetone/dichloromethane (DCM). Effects of different volume ratio of mixture solvent and mat thickness on the morphological structure, specific surface area, and absorption capacity of CA nanofibrous mats were systematically investigated. The results indicated that CA nanofibrous mats were highly porous on the surface; hence, they were capable of absorbing a large amount of capric acid. The maximum absorption capacity of CA mats via electrospinning with volume ratio of acetone/DCM being 5/5 was ~95.8 wt%, due to its higher specific surface area of ~17.1 m²/g. The specific surface area and capric acid absorption capacity of CA nanofibrous mats increased with the increases of mat thickness. As the thickness of nanofibrous mats increased from 10 to 85 μm, the corresponding specific surface area and capric acid absorption capacity of mats increased respectively from 7.2 to 29.0 m²/g and 92.1 to 98.5%. Morphological structures, as well as the properties of thermal energy storage and thermal insulation of the fabricated form-stable PCMs, were studied by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and measurement of freezing times, respectively. The results indicated that the resulting form-stable PCMs could well maintain their phase transition characteristics and demonstrated great thermal energy storage capability and temperature regulation ability.     

Estimating Root Zone Soil Moisture at Continental Scale Using Neural Networks

This study investigates the feasibility of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to retrieve root zone soil moisture (RZSM) at the depths of 20 cm (SM20) and 50 cm (SM50) at a continental scale, using surface information. To train the ANNs to capture interactions between land surface and various climatic patterns, data of 557 stations over the continental United States were collected. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the ANNs were able to identify input variables that directly affect the water and energy balance in root zone. The data important for RZSM retrieval in a large area included soil texture, surface soil moisture, and the cumulative values of air temperature, surface soil temperature, rainfall, and snowfall. The results showed that the ANNs had high skill in retrieving SM20 with a correlation coefficient above 0.7 in most cases, but were less effective at estimating SM50. The comparison of the ANNs showed that using soil texture data improved the model performance, especially for the estimation of SM50. It was demonstrated that the ANNs had high flexibility for applications in different climatic regions. The method was used to generate RZSM in North America using Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) soil moisture data, and achieved a spatial soil moisture pattern comparable to that of Global Land Data Assimilation System Noah model with comparable performance to the SMOS surface soil moisture retrievals. The models can be efficient alternatives to assimilate remote sensing soil moisture data for shallow RZSM retrieval.     

传统美术面临的冲击及存在价值探索

随着科技的飞速发展,传统美术手工技艺逐渐被计算机和数字影像所取代,其实用价值已经退出了历史的舞台。但是应该看到,传统美术并非消亡,原有的那种探索、启发、冥想、创造依然在新的美术设计和艺术表现形式中发挥作用,从而体现了其存在价值。美术的概念在被一种新的艺术概念所取代,变的是称谓和形式,不变的是灵魂和精神,而这种技术的改变正是美术的未来。     

Culture and the environment on the Cape Verde Islands

The Cape Verde Islands originally supported a limited island ecology which, since the arrival of settlers 500 years ago, has been steadily altered or destroyed. Today, deforestation and overfarming, combined with the natural conditions of aridity and strong winds, have rendered the islands barren and eroded. The current government of the Republic of Cape Verde is attempting to alter traditional attitudes and customs of environmental neglect and mismanagement, while at the same time striving to restore or create self-sustaining ecosystems. The introduction of plants, animals, and physical structures enhancing soil and water conservation may create a more viable total ecosystem than existed before humans arrived.     

基于纳米技术的环境保护新材料与污染防治新工艺的研究

纳米科技是面向21世纪的核心战略科技,它为解决环境保护与经济发展的矛盾提供了有力的技术手段.通过将纳米技术引入环境保护与污染防治的研究领域,概述了纳米技术的内涵、纳米材料的特殊性质,全面介绍了纳米技术在环境保护新材料与污染防治新工艺中的应用情况,展望了纳米技术在环保领域的研究发展方向,表明利用纳米技术解决环境问题将成为未来环境保护发展的必然趋势.     

学习实施环境影响评价法

讨论了环评法涉及的环评主管部门、规划建设单位和环评机构三个主要对象之间的关系，规划环评、跟踪评价、后评价、公众参与，以及环境评价与环境工程等内容。     

绝缘子表面RTV憎水性与其放电的紫外成像结果关系研究

室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV)涂料在运行过程中会逐渐老化,可采用憎水性测量和理化手段分析其老化程度,但无法对运行中的绝缘子进行评估。通过涂污的方式模拟绝缘子表面RTV憎水性的减弱,对绝缘子串加压并用紫外成像仪记录放电过程,研究憎水性与紫外成像结果的关系。分析放电产生的紫外光子数和光斑面积发现,绝缘子串表面RTV憎水性越差,其发生显著放电的电压越低,相同电压下放电程度越剧烈。研究成果为运行中绝缘子RTV憎水性能的评估提供了一种新思路。     

对工矿企业噪声分析与抑制探讨

以对肥城曹庄煤矿南风井风机的治理为例,探讨了企业噪声产生的原因及治理技术。     

谈高校学生非正式群体的教育和引导

随着高等教育改革的推进,高校中非正式群体的作用越来越大,如果忽视了对这一群体的教育和引导,势必会造成教育工作中阵地的缺失。对此本文提出了把加强正式群体建设与重视保护非正式群体的积极作用相结合、把群体需要与满足个人的需要结合起来、把党团建设与社团建设相结合三种教育对策