不同粒径易自燃煤常温氧化实验研究*

为探究易自燃煤在常温条件下的氧化特性,自行设计煤常温封闭氧化实验装置,采用实验研究与回归分析2种方法,分析易自燃煤发生氧化反应的气体变化过程,探究3种粒径煤样在20 ℃有限空间内的耗氧与产气特征。结果表明:易自燃煤样在16 d常温封闭氧化过程中,容器内O2体积浓度呈指数衰减、CO和CO2体积浓度呈指数增长的变化规律;在0.06~0.83 mm范围内,粒径越大,易自燃煤耗氧速率越大,CO和CO2产生速率则先增大后减小;介于中间的粒径为0.13~0.25 mm易自燃煤氧化反应最强烈,更容易发生氧化。研究结果对揭示生产环境温度下煤粒粒径对煤自燃的影响有一定的意义。     

The relationship between oxygen consumption rate and temperature during coal spontaneous combustion

Spontaneous combustion is a major natural disaster in coal production. In the process of exploring coal self-ignition, a series of hypotheses have been put forward, most scholars agree that the current coal-oxygen compound theory. Oxygen consumption rate reflects the status of coal spontaneous combustion, and it is also one of the parameters necessary for numerical simulation of coal spontaneous combustion. In this paper, a coal heating and oxidation experiment was designed, Experimental device consists of heating and oxidation furnace, gas chromatograph, temperature control and data acquisition systems and other equipment components. Three coal samples whose weight each is 5 g were selected for the study. By experiment, oxygen concentration at the inlet and outlet of temperature oxidation furnace was measured. Oxygen consumption rate is calculated in the heating process of coal according to air flow. In the Cartesian coordinate system, the temperature as abscissa and the oxygen consumption rate for the longitudinal coordinates, drawing the relationship between oxygen consumption rate and temperature plot. And then regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between oxygen consumption rate and coal temperature during the heating and oxidation process of coal. The results show that the oxygen consumption rate and temperature of coal were linear relationships both before and after the critical temperature when the coal temperature is less than 180 °C. Before the critical temperature oxygen consumption rate is low, however it increases rapidly when coal temperature reaches a critical temperature. The result is important for the prevention and treatment of spontaneous combustion of coal.     

煤氧化阻化过程中的热特性研究

化学阻燃剂通过化学作用破坏或降低煤分子中活化能较低易被氧化的活性基团,使煤自燃链式反应中断难以达到自燃。为研究煤氧化阻化过程中的热特性变化,通过煤的热重实验,从微观角度研究了次磷酸盐在煤自燃氧化过程中对其表面官能团的影响,分析了阻化剂添加前后的热特性曲线和特征温度,研究了不同升温速率及不同粒径下阻化煤样的热特性变化规律。结果显示:随升温速率的增大和煤样粒径的减小,热特性曲线及特征温度均出现向后推移,特征温度出现不同程度的升高。     

煤炭自燃指标性气体确定的实验研究

矿井火灾是矿井五大灾害之一,煤炭自燃则是矿井火灾最主要的起因。为了了解煤炭氧化、自燃规律,本文采用TG-DSC技术研究了不同煤种在水分蒸发、吸氧增重、受热分解及燃烧等不同氧化阶段的氧化特征值;并采用TG-DSC-GC联用技术研究了不同煤种在整个氧化阶段的气体产物生成规律及其特征。在煤的低温氧化阶段,找出了CO等可作为判别煤自燃的指标性气体及C2H4等辅助指标性气体;并得出了各煤种氧化阶段的耗氧规律。     

煤热动力学参数、特征温度与挥发分关系的试验研究

通过煤的热动力学参数和特征温度可以表征煤自燃危险程度。而在实际情况中,这些数据缺少,往往只有煤的工业参数。因此,研究工业参数与表征煤自燃危险参数的关系十分必要。为了分析和建立该关系,基于非等温试验方法对不同煤样进行热重试验分析,得出8个煤样在10℃/min升温速率下的反应动力学参数与煤工业分析参数的关系,揭示挥发分与煤的氧化特性、特征温度的关系。试验结果表明:8个煤样的挥发分排序F3>F8>F4>F7>F2>F1>F5>F6,各特征温度排序基本满足T3相似文献   

基于分段拟合的煤自燃指标气体优选研究*

为更加精确地得出煤自燃的临界温度并找出煤自燃各个阶段最优的指标气体,以此提高煤层自燃预测预报的准确性,选取西北某矿2号煤和3号煤典型煤样开展程序升温-气相色谱实验,采用分段直线拟合的方法,得出煤自燃过程中的耗氧速率突变点温度和氧化产物生成量激增点温度,在此基础上采用灰色关联度分析法对煤干裂温度之后的指标气体进行优选。结果表明:2号煤和3号煤的自燃临界温度分别为73.0 ℃和72.1 ℃,干裂温度分别为112.6 ℃和109.8 ℃;CO适用于2种煤样全温度下的预测预报;φ(C2H4)/φ(C2H6)和C2H4是2号煤干裂温度之后较优的预测预报指标气体;φ(C2H4)/φ(C2H6),C2H4和C2H6是3号煤干裂温度之后较优的预测预报指标气体。     

初始氧化温度对浸水长焰煤二次氧化特性的影响机制

为揭示不同初始氧化温度下浸水长焰煤的氧化自燃特性,利用红外光谱和热分析实验手段以及MS数值模拟方法研究其氧化自燃规律,并采用线性拟合的方法阐述自由基变化特性。结合分子键能的变化,分析浸水条件下二次氧化的煤氧链式反应过程。研究结果表明:经过120 ℃预氧化后,浸水风干长焰煤的还原性官能团甲基、亚甲基、羟基均高于原煤,而羰基、羧基低于原煤;与原煤相比,浸水风干后的煤预氧化温度在120 ℃时最大升温速率最高（0.036 9 ℃/s）,表现出更强的自燃倾向性;MS模拟优化得出煤中各官能团在预氧化120 ℃时键能变化较大,结合热分析实验,确立预氧化后浸水风干煤体氧化自燃特性机制。     

基于物元模型的煤自燃危险性分析

为探索判断煤自燃的危险性新方法,在煤低温氧化试验的基础上,基于可拓理论构建了煤自燃危险性熵权和经验权的物元综合分析模型。采用该方法对4个不同煤样低温氧化试验数据进行自燃危险性分析,得出各煤样自燃危险性的等级及差异程度,并提出相应的防范对策。结果表明:4号煤样比其他煤样更具自燃危险性,需要重点防范。该方法的预测结果与实际情况相吻合。     

Experimental study on CO and CO2 emissions from spontaneous heating of coals at varying temperatures and O2 concentrations

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from spontaneous heating of three U.S. coal samples in an isothermal oven at temperatures between 50 and 110 °C. The oxygen (O₂) concentration of an oxygen/nitrogen (N₂) mixture flowing through the coal sample was 3, 5, 10, 15, and 21%, respectively. The temperature at the center of the coal sample was continuously monitored, while the CO, CO₂, and O₂ concentrations of the exit gas were continuously measured. The results indicate that the CO and CO₂ concentrations and the CO/CO₂ ratio increased when the initial temperature was increased. As the inlet O₂ concentration increased, the CO and CO₂ concentrations increased, while the CO/CO₂ ratios tended to converge to the same value. The ratio of CO/CO₂ was found to be independent of coal properties, approaching a constant value of 0.2. The maximum CO production rate correlated well with the maximum coal temperature rise. The apparent order of reaction for coal oxidation was estimated to be between 0.52 and 0.72. The experimental results in this study could be used for early detection and evaluation of a spontaneous heating in underground coal mines.     

高抽巷层位对采空区自燃危险性影响的数值模拟分析

针对高抽巷抽采瓦斯可能诱发的采空区自燃问题,以大佛寺煤矿40108工作面构建采空区气体渗流模型,分析了不同垂距和平距下高抽巷抽采瓦斯时对采空区自燃危险性的影响。结果表明:高抽巷与煤层顶板的垂距越大,氧化升温带的宽度越大,采空区自燃危险性越高。高抽巷距回风巷平距为30m时,氧化升温带的宽度最小,采空区自燃危险性最低。依据研究结论,结合高抽巷抽采瓦斯时的层位要求,分析得出大佛寺煤矿40108工作面高抽巷最佳位置为距煤层顶板垂距30m,距回风巷平距30m处。     

Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal of different metamorphic degrees based on a temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system

Research on the micro- and macrocharacteristics of different metamorphic degrees of coal helps improve the control and protection techniques used during spontaneous combustion. Nine coals with different properties were thoroughly investigated in this study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a self-designed temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system were adopted to analyze the molecular structure and macrocharacteristic parameters of the spontaneous combustion of coal. Additionally, the influence of particle size on spontaneous combustion was considered. Various functional groups were employed as microcharacteristic parameters to capture the principal active groups in oxidation. The gas production rate, oxygen consumption rate, gas concentration, heat energy release rate, and characteristic temperatures were evaluated as macrocharacteristic parameters to investigate the changes in coal during oxidation. The results establish that the microcharacteristics of coal molecules determine the degree of spontaneous combustion based on intrinsic properties and that changes in the macrocharacteristics of the spontaneous combustion of coal reflect the microstructural changes. The contents of the hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, alkyl ether and aryl ether in the coal molecules gradually decrease with the metamorphic increase. Oxygen-containing functional groups have higher reactivities and easily react with oxygen, causing the macroparameters, such as the oxygen consumption rate, the gas generation rate and the heat energy release rate, to consistently decrease with the increase of the metamorphic degree. Small-particle-size coal molecules have more active aliphatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing functional groups and a larger specific surface area, increasing the chances of adsorbing the oxygen of active groups and promoting the reaction between coal and oxygen. The experimental results indicate that coal samples with higher metamorphic degrees or larger sizes exhibit lower tendencies toward spontaneous combustion. Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion of coal based on a temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system is of great practical importance for preventing the spontaneous combustion of coal during storage, processing and utilization and can serve as a convenient reference for production safety in mining applications.     

The effect of ventilation on spontaneous heating of coal

Ventilation plays an important role in the spontaneous heating of coal in an underground coal mine. If the ventilation rate is too high, heat is carried away by convection. If the ventilation rate is too low, the reaction rate becomes oxygen-limited. The effect of ventilation on the spontaneous heating of coal was investigated in an isothermal oven in this study. Experiments were conducted on three U.S. coal samples with ventilation rates ranging from 100 to 500 cm³/min. Experiments under ventilation were conducted to determine the critical ambient temperature, which is the minimum oven temperature required for a coal sample to achieve thermal runaway. Spontaneous heating tests were then conducted at various ventilation rates at the critical ambient temperature and the results were compared with spontaneous heating tests without ventilation. It was found that there is an optimum ventilation flow to produce the maximum rate of temperature rise at the critical ambient temperature. When the coal sample particle size was increased, a higher critical ambient temperature was required. The results in this study have application in the prevention of spontaneous combustion in underground coal mines.     

基于Logistic回归分析的煤自燃多级预警方法研究

为实现煤自燃过程的精细分级与自燃隐患的精确预警,保障井下煤自燃防治工作有效开展和煤炭资源安全开采.以甘肃王家山矿202工作面煤样为测试对象,采用煤自然发火试验与程序升温试验手段模拟煤体自然发火过程.测定煤自燃指标气体等特性参数数据,分析相关指标气体特征,将煤自燃过程划分为稳定、波动和剧烈反应3大区间.通过处理指标数据以...     

立体抽采条件下高瓦斯采空区煤自燃危险性预测

为准确预测高瓦斯采空区煤自燃的状况,通过分析发现高抽巷是监测采空区遗煤自然发火的最有效地点。推算出采空区气体在高抽巷中所占的体积分数,进而确定采空区遗煤不同的燃烧阶段所对应的CO体积分数和CO指数。结果表明:当高抽巷中的CO体积分数Chdr CO<30×10-6或CO指数ICO<0.5%时,采空区的遗煤处于低温氧化阶段;当高抽巷中的CO体积分数Chdr CO≥30×10-6或CO指数ICO≥0.5%时,采空区遗煤进入自然发火危险阶段,此时必须采取措施控制采空区自燃氧化的进一步发展。对80501工作面的采空区煤自燃成功地进行预测预报,实现了安全生产。     

煤自燃预测气体及活化能变化研究

为了研究煤在低温阶段的自燃活化能及气体产生规律,基于耗氧量与煤温间的计算模型,利用煤氧化动力学测试系统,分析了3种不同自燃性煤的低温氧化表征。结果表明:1)随着煤自燃倾向性增强,煤的耗氧量和耗氧速率逐渐增大,且其耗氧速率急剧增大的拐点温度逐渐升高;2)不同自燃性煤活化能变化规律存在显著差异,利用阶段耗氧量拐点计算出铜川和大同煤样温度分别为203℃、228℃时,活化能快速减小,开始进入自发氧化阶段;晋城煤样活化能经历先减小后增大的过程,其中过渡温度段91~135℃时,活化能最小;同时拟合出活化能(E)与指前因子(A)关系式满足动力补偿效应,验证了机理函数的合理性;3)依据复合气体CO_2/CO、CH_4/C_2H_6、C_2H_4/C_2H_6、C_3H_8/C_2H_6随温度的变化趋势,结合煤低温氧化特性,可预测煤样的氧化进程和煤体温度。     

煤自燃灾害气体指标的阶段特征试验研究

为分析煤自燃早期气体指标变化特征规律,更好地解决煤矿现场灭火救灾决策问题,通过煤自燃程序升温试验,首先得到煤样气氛中O2,CO,CO2,CH4,C2H4和C2H6气体的体积分数随温度的变化规律。根据煤体温度,将煤自燃前期划分为5个阶段(潜伏、储热、蒸发、活跃和乏氧)。分析3种不同变质程度的煤样的气体指标在各阶段的变化特征。建立煤自燃气体指标与特征温度阶段区间的对应关系。结果表明:在自燃潜伏阶段,煤的变质程度越低,早期越易产生CO,越难产生CH4;在储热阶段,煤的变质程度越低,早期越易且越快产生C2H6;在蒸发阶段,煤内外在水分脱附,低变质煤的C2H4也随之产生;在活跃阶段,各种气体体积分数均有剧烈增高的趋势,较高变质煤的C2H4也随之产生;在乏氧阶段,O2体积分数低于15%,与O2体积分数相关指标(CO/ΔO2,CO/CO2等)趋势有所改变。     

氧化煤自燃特性实验研究

为解决大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井12下208综放工作面采空区存在大量氧化煤的遗煤自燃预测问题,对原煤及不同程度的氧化煤进行程序升温实验,分析研究低温氧化特性的变化规律,根据灰色理论对自燃标志气体进行优选。结果表明:原煤与氧化煤的临界温度与干裂温度相差不明显,分别在40~50 ℃与110~120 ℃之间;根据临界温度、干裂温度及其指数增长点将煤低温氧化过程分为缓慢自热（50~＜90 ℃）、加速自热（90~＜120 ℃）、热解裂变（120~＜160 ℃）和热解加速（160~＜200 ℃）4个阶段。在缓慢自热阶段以G2（0.01~＜0.039）和R1（0.001 5~＜0.007 7）为指标;在加速自热阶段以R1（0.007 7~＜0.019 5）和G3(0.000 9～＜0.003 7)为指标;在热解裂变阶段以烯烷比（0~＜0.484）和G3（0.003 7~＜0.037 4）为指标;在热解加速阶段以R1（0.046 8~＜0.072 6）和烯烷比（0.484~＜0.992）为指标气体。实验结果对采空区遗煤的自燃防治具有一定的指导作用。     

水化煤饱和-风干过程的自燃特性实验研究

为了掌握水化煤饱和-风干过程中不同风干时间煤样的自燃特性,对水化煤样进行不同风干时间的实验煤样预处理,形成不同风干时间的水化煤样。通过煤样含水率测试、物理吸附实验和程序升温实验,对不同饱和-风干时间的水化煤样以及原煤样的吸氧量和CO,CO2,CH4,C2H4,C2H6,C3H8气体浓度随煤温的变化规律进行实验研究。研究结果表明:不同风干时间水化煤样随着煤温的逐渐升高,吸氧量呈先减小后增大趋势;不同风干时间的水化煤样的自燃标志性气体析出速率随煤温的升高均呈指数增大的变化趋势;在低温氧化阶段,水化煤样比原煤反应时间提前,且反应速率更快,这表明水化煤样比原煤样更加容易发生自燃,且风干时间为20 min的水化煤危险性更大。     

碱性水对煤自燃特性影响实验研究

为了研究碱性水对煤自燃特性的影响,选取葫芦素煤矿102工作面煤样作为实验煤样,利用STA-449C型同步热分析仪进行热重实验,研究加入PH=8 NaOH的煤样与原煤以及加入蒸馏水煤样在空气氛围中燃烧失重、放热量、特征温度点等变化规律,并根据Coats-Redfern积分模型计算了3种煤样燃烧反应动力学参数（活化能、指前因子）。研究结果表明:加入碱性水的2号煤样失重量较1,3号少,燃烧失重速率更低;2号煤氧化燃烧温度区间缩短,着火温度点升高,放热量少,比1,3号煤分别少485.0,480.4 J/g;3种煤样反应机理基本遵循一级化学反应函数,2号煤各段活化能高于1,3号煤,但2号煤失水活化能小于3号,表明碱性水具有抑制煤自燃效应。     

硫铁化物氧化自燃的动力学分析

为研究含硫油品储油罐中硫铁化物的自燃倾向性,采用STA8000同步热分析仪对10,15,20℃/min等不同升温速率和15,20,25 mL/min等不同空气流量下的硫铁化物进行试验,并通过获得的TG-DSC曲线研究试样的自燃特性;在此基础上,根据Coat模型,利用不同反应机理函数对热重数据进行分析。结果表明:该试验条件下,硫铁化物的氧化进程符合三级反应动力学机制;得出了硫铁化物在不同升温速率和空气流量下的表观活化能;在560～746℃温度区间内,随着升温速率的增加,空气流量的加大,活化能数值明显减小,自燃倾向性增大。研究结果可为预防和控制因硫铁化物自燃引发的火灾、爆炸事故提供理论参考。