Optimization of recertification intervals for PSV based on major accident risk

Overpressure is a major hazard in the process industry with the potential to lead to a major accident. Pressure Safety Valves (PSVs) are often used as the last layer of protection against such a hazard and require regular recertification in order to be dependable. The valve safely vents gas from a vessel when the pressure becomes excessive. It is often the practice in industry to apply one or two years as the normal recertification interval of PSV. However, experience from the Norwegian oil and gas industry is that the recertification process several times have caused leaks of gas. The process thus represents a certain risk in itself and the question is then whether the recertification intervals presently being used actually are optimal from a risk point of view? The objective of this paper is to look into this problem, applying typical data from an oil and gas installation. An optimal recertification interval will be calculated based on minimization of risk to personnel.     

Global process industry initiatives to reduce major accident hazards

In the past 10 years, the vapor cloud explosion at Texas City, the ammonium nitrate explosion in Toulouse, a pipeline disaster in Belgium, and three near total loss events in Norway have highlighted that major accident process safety is still a serious issue. Hopes that PSM or Safety Case regulations would reduce process events by 80% have not proven true. The Baker Panel, convened after Texas City developed a series of recommendations, mainly around leadership, incentives, safety culture and more effective implementation of PSM systems. Many US-based companies are working hard to implement the Baker recommendations. In Europe, an approach built around safety barriers, especially relating to technical safety systems, is being widely adopted.The author’s company has carried out a global survey of process industry initiatives, for both upstream and downstream activities, to identify what the industry itself is planning to enhance process safety in the next 5-10 years. This paper presents a summary of some of the major programs and initiatives as apply to traditional oil majors, newer national oil companies, and the chemical industry. These are a mixture of Baker recommendations, barrier approaches and tighter integration of process safety and asset integrity. While the factor of 10 improvement achieved in occupational safety over the past 20 years seems unattainable for process safety, a factor of 3-4 improvement in the next 20 years does seem possible. This would call for significant effort on the part of operators, but the benefits fully justify the effort.     

我国钢铁企业安全管理发展状况的分析与研究

企业安全管理是企业正常运营不可或缺的部分,认清企业安全管理发展脉络,找准企业安全管理发展方向,对促进企业的持续发展有着重要作用.追溯了我国安全管理的发展过程,总结出我国企业安全管理发展的3个阶段,并以石家庄钢铁有限责任公司为例,结合该企业事故规律对其安全管理发展状况进行了分析研究,进一步印证了我国钢铁企业安全管理发展状况.     

对某工地一起工伤事故的思考

根据某工地一名工人因开挖作业而被活埋致死这一事故 ,论述了作好安全工作防止事故的前提条件和必要的预防、检查、控制、措施及程序。     

Quantitative risk assessment: How realistic are those frequency assumptions?

Although much has changed in recent decades in how the consequences are treated in risk assessment of major industrial accidents, estimation of frequencies still appears to be largely based on values from several decades ago. This paper reviews briefly some of the implications of this, drawing on lessons not only from the process industries but also from other not so obviously relevant fields such as aerospace and finance, where the significance of such factors such as organizational culture, normalization of deviance, ownership, demographic change, etc. is becoming increasingly recognized in the analysis and hence the control of risk.Failure to consider such factors and their effects can pose a problem, because risk assessment is not simply an abstract concept but can have a real influence on the level of risk. If protective measures such as the safety culture of the site, etc. can be shown to significantly change the risk zone, this can persuade the risk generator to improve those factors or take other steps to reduce the risk such as reducing the inventory in the process. Conversely, assessments conducted for well-run companies may misrepresent the risk if the site ownership changes to a financial holding company with a focus on maximizing short-term profit and resale of the assets, and it can be difficult even for well-motivated management to justify protective measures if they produce no apparent difference in the risk.This paper introduces these and other issues for consideration in the symposium which follows.     

提高天津市安全生产水平对策研究

根据对天津市2000-2004年工伤事故分析和研究,总结出的天津市工伤事故的规律和特点,以及事故致因的有关理论,提出对策研究的总体思路,并对照天津市及其重点行业的经济发展状况及安全监管的现状,提出了从总体上控制天津市工伤事故、不断提高安全生产水平的对策,即加强安全生产监管体系的建设、建立自律与激励机制、从制度上解决企业安全费用投入不足的问题、加大对重大危险源的监控以期杜绝特大事故的发生、尽快建立安全应急救援体系、加强事故管理、完善地方安全法规的建设使监管做到有法可依、强化安全检查等8项措施.     

关于工业机器人的事故分析及其对策

工业机器人是高科技机电产品,在工业领域广泛应用,可以代替人们从事繁重的、危险性的工作,但由于工业机器人故障所造成的人身伤害事故也时有发生,从工业机器人的可靠性、工业机器人事故案例、能量类型分类等多角度对工业机器人事故进行了分析,从事故树分析法（FTA）、基本安全性原则、工业安全技术等几方面提出了相应的对策。     

应用安全心理学提高煤矿安全管理水平

煤矿事故频繁发生,而事故的发生大多是由于人的不安全行为导致的,人的不安全行为又受不安全心理的控制.为了减少事故发生,提高安全管理水平,应用安全心理学分析了导致事故的不安全心理因素,以及造成这些因素的原因,并提出了相应对策.为促进安全生产,提高安全管理水平,给出了一些参考.     

铁路道口安全影响因素分析及对策

在对比分析中外铁路道口安全形势及研究现状的基础上,从人、车、道口几何特性、安全防护装置、管理及环境等因素出发,系统地分析了铁路道口安全及其影响因素:1)汽车驾驶员酒后驾驶、超速驾驶、疲劳驾驶等人为违章行为是道口事故的主要致因;2)车辆机械故障、超载是影响道口安全不容忽视的重要因素;3)道口坡度、铺面、视距等道口几何特性与道口事故频率有着紧密联系;4)道口交通信号、车速监控器及惩罚对提高驾驶员的安全行为有显著作用;5)完善的应急医疗体系将大大减少道口事故的伤亡.进而从工程、教育和法制3方面提出了我国改善道口安全状况的措施和建议,包括:安装悬臂梁警告装置,施划减速标线,改造道口铺面,加大酒后驾驶惩罚力度,宣传道口安全知识等.     

建筑安全事故中的事件重要性定量分析

为制定建筑安全措施提供理论依据,采用Birnbaum测度描述诱发事故的事件重要度,提出基于二叉判定图(BDD)的建筑安全定量分析方法.在得到安全事故故障树后,该方法执行BDD逻辑运算生成BDD结构,并通过遍历该结构计算各事件的Birnbaum测度值.管理人员可通过量化的重要度数值来分析各事件重要性,确定对工程安全影响最大的一些基本事件,从而制定安全措施来减少事故损失、保证工程质量.BDD结构特点使得该方法便于计算机编程实现,实验数据的对比分析表明BDD方法可正确高效地分析建筑安全事故.     

城市土地使用安全规划的方法与内容探讨

本文分析了几起与土地使用安全规划相关的重大事故案例,简要介绍了国内外土地使用安全规划的法律、法规要求,论述了安全规划的方法和风险标准,提出了我国城市土地使用安全规划的主要内容和程序,研究分析了安全专项规划和城市功能区安全治理规划的基本要求.     

有效的管理是杜绝事故发生的根本保障

从促使事故发生的基本因素入手,把事故的成因清晰的展示给我们。告知人们如何避免并远离事故,保障自身和大众的生命和财产的安全。并告诉我们如何去管理人的行为。     

强化安全目标管理确保安全生产

1998年底之前 ,公司工伤事故频繁 ,为了扭转安全生产工作的不利局面 ,自 1999年起 ,采用科学的、现代化的管理方法 ,严格安全目标管理 ,确保了年度安全目标的实现