酸碱盐改性对活性炭吸附油气特征的影响

采用酸碱盐溶液浸渍方法对活性炭进行改性,探究了其吸附油气的特征,考察了改性后的活性炭对油气吸附量和穿透时间的影响,采用BET、SEM、XRD及FT-IR等方法对活性炭进行了表征。结果表明:改性后的活性炭孔结构和表面化学性质发生了明显的变化,2~#样品(醋酸改性)比表面积最大为1 264.33 m~2·g~(-1),碱改性活性炭对油气的吸附性能优于其他改性方法,3~#样品(氨水改性)吸附容量最高为0.279 g·g~(-1),拟合动力学速率常数k′值是0.096 3,5#样品(氢氧化钾改性)穿透时间最长为130 min;改性处理后,增加了活性炭表面的—OH与C=C含量,正丁烷主要以—CH_2基团吸附在吸附剂表面。在综合酸碱盐溶液改性的基础上,利用Yoon-Nelson动力学方程对吸附曲线进行拟合,评价改性活性炭对油气的吸附性能。以上研究结果可为活性炭吸附油气的工业应用提供参考。     

树脂与活性炭吸附油气的实验研究

吸附剂的性能对油气吸附分离的效果起着决定性的作用。测定了活性炭和吸附树脂在常温下对油气的静态吸附和脱附特性,比较吸附树脂与活性炭的吸附率、解吸率。实验结果表明,吸附树脂吸附率高,解吸容易。测定了活性炭和吸附树脂对油气的吸附穿透曲线和热效应。实验结果表明,吸附树脂的穿透时间长,温升略低,适于油气吸附分离。同时,利用Yoo...     

活性炭材料的活性与改性

活性炭是一种应用广泛的吸附催化剂，其性能取决于它的孔隙结构和表面化学性质。根据活性炭的表面特性对不同物质的吸附性能，对活性炭进行活化和改性处理，能进一步满足各种特殊用途的要求。本文概述了活性炭的各种活化和改性处理技术。     

改性疏水硅胶用于油气吸附解吸的研究

吸附法为油气回收的常用方法,对吸附剂的研究有着重要的意义。为了开发出高吸附量、高热稳定性和疏水性的油气回收专用硅胶,对常规硅胶的物理及化学改性方法进行了研究。通过分析热处理温度、热处理时间及升温速度等因素对改性硅胶吸附效果的影响,提出了汽油油气吸附率高、吸水率低的硅胶改性条件为:酒石酸改性剂,热处理温度550~650℃,热处理时间3~10 h,升温速度3~10℃/min。同时,研究了影响改性硅胶解吸效果的因素,结果表明,真空度越高,温度越高,解吸次数越多,改性硅胶的解吸率越高。     

改性活性炭对废水中铬离子的吸附

改性活性炭被广泛应用于吸附水体中重金属离子,但关于铁改性活性炭吸附性能的研究报道甚少。本研究对活性炭进行铁改性处理,并将之应用于水中的铬离子吸附,考察了吸附时间、溶液p H对改性活性炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)效果的影响。实验结果表明,在25℃下,p H为3,吸附时间为300 min时,其对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率为91.4%。铁改性活性炭对铬离子的吸附机理服从准二级动力学方程,该吸附剂吸附等温线服从Langmuir方程,饱和吸附量为28.82 mg/g。     

有机复合粘土颗粒处理乳化含油废水的研究

研究了有机凹凸棒石复合粘土颗粒吸附剂对乳化含油废水的处理及吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、振荡强度等因素对除油效果的影响.结果显示,在平衡浓度与吸附剂投加量之间符合Freundlich吸附等温式,平衡浓度与初始油浓度间符合Langmuir吸附等温式.对有机凹凸棒石复合粘土颗粒吸附剂与再生吸附剂、颗粒活性炭、未改性粘土进行了比较,发现有机复合粘土颗粒吸附剂对乳化含油废水的处理效果显著好于颗粒活性炭,并对此进行了解释.     

改性污泥活性炭对水中镉离子的吸附性能

以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为原料,氯化锌为活化剂制备污泥活性炭,对一部分污泥活性炭用6.0 mol/L的硝酸进行改性,并研究了未改性和改性的污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附行为的影响。结果表明,在pH为5.0、Cd2＋初始浓度为100 mg/L、吸附剂投加量为2.0 g/L、反应温度为25℃时,未改性的污泥活性炭吸附容量为8.45 mg/g,硝酸改性的污泥活性炭吸附容量达到了23.35 mg/g。改性和未改性的污泥活性炭对Cd2＋都有较好的吸附容量,硝酸改性大幅度提高了污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附性能。常温下改性污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

硝酸铁改性活性炭的制备及其对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

通过硝酸铁溶液浸渍—加热的方法对颗粒活性炭进行改性,采用BET比表面积测定、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察、Boehm官能团滴定等分析方法对改性前后的活性炭理化特性进行表征,考察吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、pH、吸附质初始浓度、温度等对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附性能的影响。结果显示,活性炭表面化学性质的改变对吸附性能的提高起主导作用;吸附过程与Langmuir吸附等温线方程及Lagergren准二级动力方程拟合较好,相关系数R2都在0.990 0以上。     

高湿度条件下疏水活性炭纤维对二氯甲烷的吸附

为了提高活性炭纤维在高含水率下对二氯甲烷气体的吸附回收性能,以道康宁184为试剂,通过气相沉积工艺在活性炭纤维表面制备疏水涂层,并表征其结构,评价其疏水和吸附性能。表面处理样品ACF-P250与水的接触角达到126°,SEM检测结果也证实其表面沉积了低表面能物质聚二甲基硅氧烷。采用自制的溶剂回收吸附装置对改性样品ACFP250和原样ACF-YY进行动态吸附实验,结果显示,同样在100%~110%含水率条件下,ACF-P250的动态吸附量高81.2%。     

活性炭改性研究进展

本文从表面结构特性、表面化学性质和电化学性质3个方面叙述了国内外在活性炭改性方面的研究进展。表面结构特性改性主要是从增大比表面积和控制孔径分布两方面展开，从而增大吸附量；表面化学性质改性主要是通过氧化还原改变表面含氧酸性、碱性基团的相对含量以及负载金属改性，从而改变对极性、极性较弱或非极性物质的吸附能力；电化学性质改性主要是通过加微电场改变活性炭表面的带电性和由此而产生的化学性质的变化，从而改变吸附性能。最后，本文还从活性炭的吸附性质方面，客观地提出了今后发展方向c     

Adsorption Kinetic,Thermodynamic, and Desorption Studies of Isopropyl Alcohol Vapor by Oxidized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were oxidized by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and used as adsorbents to study adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and desorption of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) vapor in an airstream. The adsorption capacity of IPA decreased with temperature, indicating an exothermic nature of the adsorption process, and slightly decreased with relative humidity, showing a hydrophobic nature of the adsorbent surface. The adsorption mechanism appears mainly attributable to physical forces from 5 to 25 °C but appears primarily attributable to chemical forces from 25 to 35 °C. A comparative study on the cyclic IPA adsorption between SWCNTs(NaOCl) and granular activated carbon, GAC(NaOCl), was also conducted and the results revealed that the SWCNTs(NaOCl) show better repeated availability of IPA adsorption during 15 cycles of operation than the GAC(NaOCl). This suggests that the SWCNTs(NaOCl) are efficient IPA adsorbents and can be used in the prolonged cyclic adsorption/desorption operation.     

ZnCl_2法污泥含炭吸附剂对模拟烟气中气态汞的吸附

采用改进的ZnCl2化学活化法制备污泥含炭吸附剂,利用EDS以及氮吸附等多种测试手段对所制得的污泥含炭吸附剂进行表征,并利用其处理模拟烟气汞污染物,实验结果表明,污泥含炭吸附剂对Hg0的吸附包括物理吸附作用和化学吸附作用,以物理吸附作用为主;随着Hg0入口浓度的提高,污泥含炭吸附剂的Hg0饱和吸附容量增大;随着吸附反应温度的升高污泥含炭吸附对Hg0的吸附作用减弱;在吸附反应温度125℃,Hg0入口浓度60.4 ug/m3,污泥含炭吸附剂和选定的活性炭对Hg0的吸附容量分别为81.2 ug/g和53.8 ug/g,污泥含炭吸附剂对Hg0的吸附作用好于选定的活性炭.     

ZnCl2法污泥含炭吸附剂对模拟烟气中气态汞的吸附

采用改进的ZnCl2学活化法制备污泥含炭吸附剂,利用EDS以及氮吸附等多种测试手段对所制得的污泥含炭吸附剂进行表征,并利用其处理模拟烟气汞污染物,实验结果表明,污泥含炭吸附剂对Hg^0吸附包括物理吸附作用和化学吸附作用,以物理吸附作用为主;随着Hg^0入口浓度的提高,污泥含炭吸附剂的Hg^0饱和吸附容量增大;随着吸附反应温度的升高污泥含炭吸附对Hg^0的吸附作用减弱;在吸附反应温度125℃,Hg^0入口浓度60．4μg／m3污泥含炭吸附剂和选定的活性炭对Hg^0吸附容量分别为81．2gg／g和53．8μg／g,污泥含炭吸附剂对Hg^0吸附作用好于选定的活性炭。     

双氯芬酸的吸附去除过程与机制

研究了非甾体抗炎药双氯芬酸的吸附去除过程与机制。对吸附处理效果较好的活性炭与纳米羟基氧化铁（α-FeOOH）进行了比表面积、Zeta电位等表面特性的表征,研究比较了双氯芬酸在活性炭与α—FeOOH2种材料上的吸附去除效果与吸附机制。结果表明,在相同的实验条件下,活性炭与α-FeOOH对双氯芬酸吸附去除率可分别达到97．9％和84．3％;双氯芬酸在活性炭上的吸附主要是由于活性炭较大的比表面积与疏水分配作用,在α-FeOOH上的吸附主要是由于静电引力作用;活性炭与α-FeOOH对双氯芬酸的吸附去除效果均随pH的升高而降低;在pH=6时,活性炭与α-FeOOH对双氯芬酸钠的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir方程,单位饱和吸附量分别为109．98mg／g和58．96mg／g;活性炭对双氯芬酸具有更强的吸附能力。     

改性竹活性炭去除汞离子

采用溴化钾、碘化钾和硫磺对竹活性炭掺杂改性,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定滤液中汞离子浓度,用除汞效率和吸附容量评价活性炭对溶液中汞离子的吸附性能,探讨其吸附机理。结果表明,掺杂改性明显提高了竹活性炭的除汞性能。原竹活性炭的除汞效率为78.6%,吸附容量为2.210 mg/g;经碘化钾、溴化钾和硫磺掺杂改性后的竹活性炭除汞效率分别为94.3%、93.8%和88.8%,吸附容量分别为2.830、2.813和2.663 mg/g;经溴化钾(碘化钾)和硫磺联合改性的竹活性炭对水溶液中汞离子的吸附性能性能又有提高,其中以先载硫后载溴化钾的方法除汞效果最好,除汞效率达96.6%,吸附容量为2.898 mg/g。     

Cr(VI) removal from synthetic wastewater using coconut shell charcoal and commercial activated carbon modified with oxidizing agents and/or chitosan

In this study, the technical feasibility of coconut shell charcoal (CSC) and commercial activated carbon (CAC) for Cr(VI) removal is investigated in batch studies using synthetic electroplating wastewater. Both granular adsorbents are made up of coconut shell (Cocos nucifera L.), an agricultural waste from local coconut industries. Surface modifications of CSC and CAC with chitosan and/or oxidizing agents, such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, respectively, are also conducted to improve removal performance. The results of their Cr removal performances are statistically compared. It is evident that adsorbents chemically modified with an oxidizing agent demonstrate better Cr(VI) removal capabilities than as-received adsorbents in terms of adsorption rate. Both CSC and CAC, which have been oxidized with nitric acid, have higher Cr adsorption capacities (CSC: 10.88, CAC: 15.47 mg g(-1)) than those oxidized with sulfuric acid (CSC: 4.05, CAC: 8.94 mg g(-1)) and non-treated CSC coated with chitosan (CSCCC: 3.65 mg g(-1)), respectively, suggesting that surface modification of a carbon adsorbent with a strong oxidizing agent generates more adsorption sites on their solid surface for metal adsorption.     

Adsorption of fulvic acid by carbon nanotubes from water

This study investigated adsorption of fulvic acid (FA) by single-walled (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and activated carbon. Adsorption of FA depends greatly on the adsorbent surface area and solution pH. SWCNT has higher adsorption than MWCNT and activated carbon. Lower E4/E6 (absorbance at 465 nm to that at 665 nm) and higher E2/E3 (absorbance at 250 nm to that at 365 nm) ratios of the residual FA in solution after adsorption than that of original FA in low pH ranges suggest that aromatic rich FA fractions with polar moieties readily adsorb on the adsorbents. The apparent interaction mechanisms between FA and CNT surfaces include electrostatic, hydrophobic, π-π and hydrogen-bond interactions. FA adsorption was reduced greatly with increasing pH because of the increase of electrostatic repulsion and the decrease of hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond interactions.     

废水吸附法除磷的研究进展

本文叙述了利用吸附原理进行废水除磷的研究进展。吸附法除磷的研究主要表现在吸附材料的研究方面 ,基于应用场合的差异 ,包括廉价的天然材料、工业废渣及其改性物、传统的活性氧化铝及其改性物、其他多孔物质及人工合成的高效吸附剂等。人工合成高效吸附剂由于磷吸附容量大 ,其相关研究成为近年来的重要发展方向     

Adsorption of sulfamethoxazole on functionalized carbon nanotubes as affected by cations and anions

The environmental risks of antibiotics have attracted lots of research attention, but their environmental behavior is not clear yet. Functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as model adsorbents and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was used as a model antibiotic to investigate the effect of both cations (Ca²⁺, Cs⁺) and anions (phosphate) on antibiotics adsorption. Various mechanisms (such as electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, π-π and hydrogen bonds) play roles in SMX adsorption. Cations and anions could “wedge into” these mechanisms and thus alter SMX adsorption. This study emphasized that both increased and decreased SMX adsorption could be observed with the addition of cations/anions, depending on environmental conditions (such as pH in this current study). The net effect is the balance between the increased and decreased effects. The contribution of different mechanisms to the overall antibiotic adsorption on solid particles should be identified to accurately predict the apparent effect by cations and anions.     

CuFe2O4/activated carbon composite: a novel magnetic adsorbent for the removal of acid orange II and catalytic regeneration

CuFe2O4/activated carbon magnetic adsorbents, which combined the adsorption features of activated carbon with the magnetic and the excellent catalytic properties of powdered CuFe2O4, were developed using a simple chemical coprecipitation procedure. The prepared magnetic composites can be used to adsorb acid orange II (AO7) in water and subsequently, easily be separated from the medium by a magnetic technique. CuFe2O4/activated carbon magnetic adsorbents with mass ratio of 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 were prepared. Magnetization measurements, BET surface area measurements, powder XRD and SEM were used to characterize the prepared adsorbents. The results indicate that the magnetic phase present is spinel copper ferrite and the presence of CuFe2O4 did not significantly affect the surface area and pore structure of the activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of acid orange II (AO7) onto the composites at pH 5.2 also showed that the presence of CuFe2O4 did not affect the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The thermal decomposition of AO7 adsorbed on the activated carbon and the composite was investigated by in situ FTIR, respectively. The results suggest that the composite has much higher catalytic activity than that of activated carbon, attributed to the presence of CuFe2O4. The variation of the adsorption capacity of the composites after several adsorption-regeneration cycles has also been studied.