共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Paula Schönach 《Local Environment》2016,21(4):397-413
The article explores the historical process of creating unjust environmental conditions in one geographical area in the Finnish capital, Helsinki. The study traces back the decision-making processes about placing environmentally burdensome, communal facilities, such as power plants, waste disposal and other infrastructural facilities. Also the lack of environmental amenities is investigated. The study covers a time period from the latter half of the nineteenth century to the 1980s. The historical analysis of the development of land-use decisions in the city is based on documentary and archival sources about the decision-making processes and it is conducted in the framework of distributive and procedural environmental justice. Four different periods of siting policies are identified. The motives for land-use decisions at each phase reflect geographical, political and historical reasoning. The concept of path dependency is introduced to explain, how environmental injustices were reproduced because of past paths of siting policies locked in subsequent decisions and created a negative twist of accumulating environmental burden. 相似文献
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Proactive Management of Air Quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Traditional air resource management systems have difficulty in addressing global issues, sustainable development, direct citizen
participation, and integration with broad economic interests. As reactive management systems, they tend to be compliance-driven,
static, and rigid. In contrast, proactive management systems are principle-driven, innovative, and flexible. Bridge scientists
play a key role in supporting the transformation of raw data into wise action. Decision-makers need to integrate social values
with knowledge about emissions, atmospheric processes, and potential environmental effects using the primary tools of measurements,
monitoring, and modeling. The Alberta Clean Air Strategic Alliance, a unique partnership of governments, industry, and public
interest groups formed in 1994, operates a comprehensive air management system that is capable of addressing air issues of
greater complexity and uncertainty. Its success is measured by the satisfaction of its diverse stakeholders and by the number
and scope of its initiatives. 相似文献
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广州市2002~2003年空气污染指数分析 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
根据广州市2002年1月1日至2003年12月31日的空气污染指数资料,对广州市每日的空气污染指数和可吸入颗粒物、NO2和SO2的污染指数、空气污染指数的月平均值和年平均值、空气质量级别、首要污染物等指标进行了统计分析.结果表明,广州市的空气污染状况与大尺度的天气现象如季风和降雨量等密切相关. 相似文献
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空气质量指数计算方法是目前全国各城市空气质量重要信息发布的基础,广泛应用于城市空气自动监测的空气质量评价。依据《HJ 633-2012环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定(试行)》发布环境空气质量指数(AQI)计算方法,利用VBA在Excel下编写宏程序,可以轻松实现空气质量日报信息的发布,使用户从手工重复性的填充和插入函数操作方式中彻底解放出来。 相似文献
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Methodological Development of an Index of Coastal Water Quality: Application in a Tourist Area 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
With the aim of obtaining an index of coastal water quality, a methodological procedure based on numerical classification and discriminant analysis is presented. The procedure was applied to nutrient data (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate) analyzed along the coastal waters of a Spanish tourist area. Using numerical classification, three levels of nutrient loading were revealed, characterizing oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and potentially eutrophic waters. Discriminant analysis was shown to be an effective methodological tool in the discrimination between trophic groups. For every group, the discriminant procedure generated the centroids. The centroids representing oligotrophic and potentially eutrophic conditions were used to establish the two extremes of the continuum of mesotrophic conditions in these coastal waters: Standardizing values from -1 to 1, the centroids for oligotrophic and potentially eutrophic waters yielded an interval that defined the range of mesotrophic conditions. This interval is proposed as a water quality index. The ability of the coastal water quality index to successfully predict mesotrophic conditions was proved with random samples. 相似文献
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Katalin Kovari Zaim 《Environmental management》1999,23(2):271-277
10 and SO2 levels to the WHO guideline would have resulted in a total of 48.309 × 1010 and 153.38 × 1010 Turkish lira savings in 1990 and 1993, respectively. These correspond to 0.12% and 0.08% of 1990 and 1993 GDPs, respectively. 相似文献
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本文对西昌市大气污染现状进行调查分析,揭示了大气环境污染的特征及其变化规律,从宏观上提出了保护大气环境的对策。 相似文献
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根据空气质量日报的实际需要,引入了Excel软件神经网络技术建立空气质量日报污染指数计算模型,采用LM算法提高了计算精度,并将模型应用于北海市空气日报。结果表明:此法较之实际公式计算法更加快捷方便,并且计算结果相当吻合。 相似文献
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DAVID G. STREETS LEYLA HEDAYAT GREGORY R. CARMICHAEL RICHARD L. ARNDT L. DOUGLAS CARTER 《Environmental management》1999,23(3):279-295
/ Air quality in most Asian cities is poor and getting worse. It will soon become impossible to sustain population, economic, and industrial growth without severe deterioration of the atmospheric environment. This paper addresses the city of Shanghai, the air-quality problems it faces over the next 30 years, and the potential of advanced technology to alleviate these problems. Population, energy consumption, and emission profiles are developed for the city at 0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees resolution and extrapolated from 1990 to 2020 using sector-specific economic growth factors. Within the context of the RAINS-Asia model, eight technology scenarios are examined for their effects on ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide and sulfate and their emission control costs. Without new control measures, it is projected that the number of people exposed to sulfur dioxide concentrations in excess of guidelines established by the World Health Organization will rise from 650,000 in 1990 to more than 14 million in 2020. It is apparent that efforts to reduce emissions are likely to have significant health benefits, measured in terms of the cost of reducing the number of people exposed to concentrations in excess of the guidelines ($10-50 annually per person protected). Focusing efforts on the control of new coal-fired power plants and industrial facilities has the greatest benefit. However, none of the scenarios examined is alone capable of arresting the increases in emissions, concentrations, and population exposure. It is concluded that combinations of stringent scenarios in several sectors will be necessary to stabilize the situation, at a potential cost of $500 million annually by the year 2020. KEY WORDS: Coal; China; Shanghai; Sulfur dioxide; Air quality; Health effects 相似文献
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/ Three large rivers in northern Finland, the Kemijoki, Iijoki, and Oulujoki rivers, were dammed for hydropower generation in the 1940s-1960s. Due to differences in environmental conditions, these impoundments require detailed study to produce guidelines for fisheries management.Water quality, hydrology, vegetation, and geomorphology data of 16 impoundments were gathered. Shoreline land-use data were derived from maps, and fish assemblage data were collected by exploratory fishing and from the annual fishery statistics. The relations among environmental variables were studied, and a classification of the impoundments was developed by hierarchical cluster analysis. Consequently, three impoundment groups with different environmental characteristics were formed. Significant differences among impoundment groups were also detected in fish yield. We conclude that the variation in environmental conditions, together with differences in fish communities in the impoundments were important enough to justify the claim that impoundments of different types require different management strategies. KEY WORDS: Impoundments; River regulation; Fish assemblage; Water quality; Aquatic vegetation; Finland 相似文献
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Fredrick W. Kaurish Tamim Younos 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(2):533-545
Abstract: There is a significant need for a science‐based approach to interpret water‐monitoring data and to facilitate the rapid transfer of information to water resource managers and the general public. The water quality Index (WQI) is defined as a single numeric score that describes the surface water quality condition at a particular time and location. The objective of this paper is to describe the WQI concept and the approach for developing an ecoregion‐specific standardized WQI that meets the needs described above. The premise of the proposed WQI is based on categorizing scientifically documented aquatic life responses to changes in instream water chemistry. The method uses an aggregated procedure that matches the entire range of standardized probable biological responses to standardized narrative water quality evaluation categories and standardized rank score categories. The calculation of WQI and decision‐making process are performed within an Excel spreadsheet software program. The article includes examples of the proposed WQI applications that could enhance effective water resource management and facilitate timely communication of water quality conditions to water resource managers and the general public. 相似文献
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The impact pathway approach (IPA) is used to estimate quantitatively the level of health effects caused by particulate matter
(PM10) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission from a lignite-fired power plant located in the Mae Moh area in northern region of Thailand. Health benefits are
then assessed by comparing the levels of estimated health impacts without and with the installation of the flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) equipment. The US EPA industrial source complex model is used to model air pollution dispersion at the local scale,
and the sector average limited mixing meso-scale model is used to model air pollution transport at the regional scale. The
quantification of the health end points in physical terms is carried out using the dose–response functions established recently
for the population in Bangkok, Thailand. Monetarization of these effects is based on the benefit transfer method with appropriate
adjustment. Finally, it has been found that the installation of the FGD to control SO2 emission at Mae Moh significantly reduces adverse health effects not only on the population living near the power plant but
also all over the country. A FGD unit installed at the 300-MW power unit can result, on average, in 16 fewer cases of acute
mortality, 12 fewer cases of respiratory and cardiac hospital admissions, and almost 354,000 fewer days with acute respiratory
symptoms annually. In monetary terms this benefit is equivalent to US $18.2 million (1995 prices) per annum. This benefit
is much higher than the annualized investment and operation costs of FGD (US $7.4 million/yr). 相似文献
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利用2015~2017年攀枝花市污染因子和气象要素实测数据,运用GIS技术、相关分析以及统计分析等方法,分析攀枝花市空气污染因子和气象要素的时空特征及相关性。结果表明:攀枝花市首要污染物为PM10,其次是NO2;秋冬以PM10和NO2污染为主,春夏PM10和O3为主。不同季节,各气象要素对本地空气质量的影响程度及空间分布存在明显差异。弄弄坪一带PM2.5和SO2、CO浓度偏高,市中心炳草岗一带PM10、O3和NO2浓度偏高。结合本地发展规划和实际情况,根据气象要素分析,为攀枝花市分区分季节的防污减排决策提供气象参考。 相似文献
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Snowmobile use in Yellowstone National Park has been shown to impact air quality, with implications for the safety and welfare
of Park staff and other Park resource values. Localized impacts have been documented at several high-use sites in the Park,
but the broader spatial variability of snowmobile emissions and air quality was not understood. Measurements of 87 volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) were made for ambient air sampled across the Park and West Yellowstone, Montana, during 2 days of
the 2002–2003 winter use season, 1 year before the implementation of a new snowmobile policy. The data were compared with
similar data from pristine West Coast sites at similar latitudes. Backward trajectories of local air masses, alkyl nitrate-parent
alkane ratios, and atmospheric soundings were used to identify the VOC sources and assess their impact. Different oversnow
vehicle types used in the Park were sampled to determine their relative influence on air mass pollutant composition. VOCs
were of local origin and demonstrated strong spatiotemporal variability that is primarily influenced by levels of snowmobile
traffic on given road segments at different times of day. High levels of snowmobile traffic in and around West Yellowstone
produced consistently high levels of benzene, toluene, and carbon monoxide. 相似文献