热镀锌过程污染综合防治改造工程实践

热镀锌生产是传统的重污染行业,单纯的"三废"治理,不仅存在着治理费用高,且存在着"二次污染"的问题。通过以广州某热镀锌生产污染综合防治改造工程为例,全面分析生产过程中存在的污染源,通过对生产工艺进行改造,提高原料及能源利用率,减少污染物的产生,实现污染的全过程综合防治,在此基础上,总结成功实施的经验,为类似项目的污染防治工作提供参考和借鉴。     

The evaluation of Cleaner Production performance in Lithuanian industries

The analysis of the Cleaner Production (CP)/pollution prevention concept application in Lithuanian companies demonstrates a number of opportunities in waste minimization and pollution prevention areas aimed at sustainable development.To compare the efficiency of various CP methods and to identify the preventive methods with the highest energy saving possibilities in different Lithuanian sectors of the economy the database “The implementation of Cleaner Production in Lithuania” was used. This database was developed in line with CP implementation methodology and contains technical, environmental, economic and financial information on implemented CP innovations in Lithuanian companies during the last decade. In addition, several applicable CP innovations are described in case studies.     

Maximizing sustainability of the Costa Rican coffee industry

The aim of this study was to examine the current coffee production and processing system in Costa Rica in order to maximize its sustainability through cost and risk reductions and identification of new opportunities. A two-year field investigation was performed for assessing resource, energy and water uses, characterizing by-products, and evaluating training, management and industry structure, with the aim of identifying opportunities for the implementation of Cleaner Production (CP) and industrial ecology (IE) strategies. The application of industrial ecology has been implemented in a piecemeal fashion and has not, therefore, been widely accepted by the industry at large. The broader coffee production system in Costa Rica does not encourage the practice of environmentally sustainable methods within production or processing, and does not encourage the exploration of niche markets that reward high-valued coffee in terms of quality or socio-environmental consciousness. Changes in industrial throughput, operational design, and management attitudes are needed to ensure sustainability within the industry. A number of opportunities for maximizing the sustainability of the coffee industry exist through: (a) strategic application of Cleaner Production, (b) effective use of resources, (c) alternative use of by-products, (d) efficient operational design, (e) training, (f) introduction of basic environmental management concepts, and (g) changes to industry structure. The paucity of data regarding research into the specific barriers to innovations within the coffee industry requires investigation. The specific barriers to the application of environmental innovations need to be identified and understood. This must include the social, cultural and institutional aspects governing the industry in addition to the technical and economic aspects normally addressed.     

浅析纺织生产企业的清洁生产措施

参照《中华人民共和国环境保护行业标准——清洁生产标准·纺织业（棉印染）》标准中的相关内容,分析了3家纺织生产企业2008年实施清洁生产审核过程中的节约能源方案,总结了纺织企业实施清洁生产的主要节能措施,从而为纺织行业实行清洁生产提供可参考的工程实践。     

浅析中国清洁生产及其相关法律法规

清洁生产是中国实现可持续发展的最佳战略,自《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》实施以来,中国清洁生产取得积极进展。目前,修订后的清洁生产促进法发布,意义深远。通过分析中国清洁生产的发展历程及不同时期颁布的有关政策法规,提出在新形势下完善中国清洁生产相关法律法规的几点建议。     

Environmental issues in Nepal and solving them using the cleaner production approach

Owing to rapid industrialisation, environmental problems in sectors such as water, air, waste, energy and forestry in Nepal are reaching a crisis point. Although the Nepalese government has been trying to solve these problems by various means, the main emphasis has been on end-of-pipe solutions. This paper investigates why Nepal needs to implement Cleaner Production concepts as a matter of urgency and provides several recommendations to the government as well as sectors such as waste, industry, energy and pesticide regarding the implementation of such concepts.     

AHP-FUZZY综合评价法在确定清洁生产审核重点中的应用研究——以武汉市某电源公司为例

清洁生产审核是将清洁生产理念转变为企业层次上操作的具体程序,在进行审核时首要步骤是确定审核重点。现阶段确定审核重点主要运用权重总和计分排序法,该方法易受审核者主观影响,审核质量不易控制。AHP-Fuzzy综合评价法作为一种系统分析方法很好地弥补了权重总和计分排序法的不足,在系统工程的很多领域都有广泛应用。通过确定银泰电源公司清洁生产审核重点,建立七工段层次模型:确立目标,明确问题;建立系统的层次结构;构造判断矩阵;进行层次的单排序及一致性检验;进行层次总排序一致性检验;根据排序结果,提出决策建议,验证了该综合评价法在清洁生产审核应用中的科学性、可行性和准确性,能将比较复杂、不够确定的多因素问题转化为有数字依据的简单易行的评价模式,为企业清洁生产的定量考核和指标化管理提供了一个科学的评价方法。     

清洁生产审核中咨询机构的作用及能力建设

阐述了清洁生产审核的有效性、创新性和规范性,分析了清洁生产咨询机构在清洁生产审核中应发挥的作用,并结合我国实际情况提出了咨询机构急需在人才配置等方面加强能力建设。     

制药行业清洁生产案例分析

目前,我国制药业存在着"高污染、高能耗"的特点,严重制约着这个行业的持续发展,清洁生产具有末端治理无可替代的作用。以某制药厂为例,对制药行业实施清洁生产分析与评价方面进行了探讨,提出了我国制药行业清洁生产实施中存在的问题及对策。     

浅谈对新修订《清洁生产促进法》的几点认识

新修订的《清洁生产促进法》已于2012年7月1日正式实施.本文对新修订的《清洁生产促进法》条款内容进行了剖析和解读,分别从国家建立清洁生产推行规划制度、清洁生产财政资金、强制性清洁生产审核概念、企业清洁生产审核制度、法律责任、增强法律可操作性和主管部门及职责的调整七个方面进行了阐述,以利于读者更好理解该法修改的相关内容.     

“Educating the educators” as a strategy for enhancing education on cleaner production

During the last ten years, much progress has been made in initiating Cleaner Production and related Preventive Environmental Management (PEM) training activities within many countries. Much of this work was facilitated through special National Cleaner Production Centers, established through national support or through the facilitation of organizations such as UNEP, UNIDO, The World Bank, and other regional development organizations. Most earlier PEM training was predominantly short-term and was not embedded within a deeper academic framework. Although much has been accomplished as a result of such training, deeper and broader educational programs are needed.The Faculty at IIIEE at Lund University in Sweden decided to develop an innovative “Educate-the-Educators” (ETE) Program on Cleaner Production and on related PEM approaches. This paper summarises the goals, objectives and results of the first ETE program at IIIEE. The three-week educational program was attended by 32 educators from 22 different countries. This included participants from China, India, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, New Zealand, South Africa, Zambia, Ethiopia, Bahrain, Turkey, Jordan, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Russia, Mexico, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad–Tobago, Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia. According to the participants, the intensive educational program was very useful in preparing them to integrate Cleaner Production components into the course(s) and curricula in their home institutions. The participants are now actively engaged in initiating follow-up activities within their academic institutions.     

Beyond barriers: examining root causes behind commonly cited Cleaner Production barriers in Vietnam

Despite the promotion of Cleaner Production (CP) by government, academia and research institutions in the past few years, only a small number of Vietnamese industries have adopted it. This paper explores why CP has not been widely adopted by industry through an examination of the root causes preventing effective CP implementation in Vietnam. The paper concludes with possible directions for improving the effectiveness and sustainability of CP programs in Vietnam through training and education.     

废纸制浆造纸业环境影响评价的清洁生产分析

文章介绍了清洁生产的涵义和评价内容,明确了清洁生产分析在建设项目环境影响评价工作中的必要性。以重庆某废纸制浆造纸厂为分析对象,从原辅材料指标、产品指标、资源指标、工艺技术与装备水平、能耗指标及污染物产生指标这六个方面对该厂生产工艺进行了有效而全面的清洁生产分析,并以此探讨废纸制浆造纸厂环境影响评价中清洁生产分析的指标体系、指标权值和评价方法,为完成废纸制浆造纸行业环评过程中的清洁生产分析提供参考。     

推进中国清洁生产的技术初探

“推进中国清洁生产"项目(B-4子项目),在27家企业开展了29轮清洁生产审计,共发现690项清洁生产技术?本文将690项清洁生产技术按投资量分为无/低费和设备更新技术,并对这两项技术进行了成本效果分析,发现无/低费技术平均每10000元投资削减COD54.2t/a,创经济效益101.6万元/a;设备更新技术平均每10000元投资削减COD0.60t/a,创经济效益0.91万元/a(以净现值计);无/低费技术的投资偿还期平均为4.0个月,设备更新技术的投资偿还期平均为400个月?      

基于主成分分析的焦化行业清洁生产评价

根据<清洁生产标准-炼焦行业>(HJ/T126-2003)标准开展焦化建设项目清洁生产评价,评价指标达87个,存在数据收集困难的问题,并且采用标准对比法进行清洁生产评价只能得出每个评价指标清洁生产级别,为了明确焦化建设项目清洁生产水平和行业清洁生产水平间的关系,以河北省符合国家焦化行业产业政策的8家企业为样本,采用主成...     

Practical experiences with the implementation of the concept of zero emissions in the surface treatment industry in Austria

The authors have developed the approach of the “Zero emission retrofitting method for existing galvanizing plants” (ZERMEG). The goal of this approach is to take existing galvanizing plants as far as possible towards zero emissions. The development was supported by the Austrian ministry for science and technology within the programme “Factory of the Future”. The method consists first of an analytical step to describe the existing performance of the plant in terms of production, water input and input of chemicals, a second step is designed to characterize the theoretically possible minimum consumption using the present equipment and the third step is the comparison of the present to the ideal situation to identify optimisation options (improved draining, dosage of chemicals, control of rinsing water, mixing in the tanks, etc.).To facilitate the calculations, a Microsoft-Excel-programme was developed (Zero Emission Program Analysis, ZEPRA), which allows to calculate the ideal water consumption of different configurations of rin ses, drag out for different shapes and surface conditions of parts, and changes in concentrations of active baths. A technology data bank was developed that includes information on different technologies to enlarge the useful time of galvanizing baths or to recycle spent solutions and rinsing water.This paper describes case studies in five galvanizing plants. The measures which were implemented include changing the rinsing cascades in three plants at the wire producer Pengg (reduction of the water consumption in the batch pickling plant by 50%), the use of spent caustics to preneutralise spent process baths and the implementation of an electrolysis plant to recover copper at the printed circuit board manufacturer AT&S (recovery of 20 kg/day of copper), optimising the pickling baths of the hot dip galvanizer Mosdorfer (50% reduction of consumption of acids) and the optimisation of the spray rinses in the automatic copper plating plants of the producer of printing cyclinders Rotoform (reduction of water consumption by 50%, reduction of acid consumption by 40%).The work showed, that in three of the five plants it was possible to fully avoid the discharge of spent process baths. One plant now operates at zero emissions. In one plant it would be technically feasible to do so, however, it is not economically feasible, at this time.     

清洁生产与企业结构调整

清洁生产是工业生产追求的最高境界,而结构调整阶段给企业提供了一个很好的实施清洁生产的契机,使企业可以借助结构调整机会,将清洁生产渗透至企业的所有方面,最大限度地取得清洁生产的效果。     

中国清洁生产审核现状及激励机制研究

清洁生产审核是一种新的环境保护技术手段,利用调研、实测、统计、分析等手段优化工艺、减少能源消耗、提高效益,具有持续作用、与时俱进、灵活和适用范围广等优点。针对中国目前的清洁生产推行现状和激励机制进行了详尽分析,指出激励机制单一、缺乏专项资金、补贴资金来源不确定、违法成本过低等问题严重阻碍了中国清洁生产审核工作的推广,并提出了一些合理的建议。     

清洁生产审核中基于资源、能源审核重点的评估方法

清洁生产审核是节能减排战略实施的重要手段,通常清洁生产审核一般分为七个阶段,35个步骤。其中评估阶段是对组织审核重点的原材料消耗、生产过程以及资源浪费的产生进行审核。当前进行的清洁生产审核工作重点关注的是污染物排放,对于能源节约方面的评估尚不多见。文章以资源、能源为审核重点,结合案例对评估阶段中采用的数据分析方法和资源、能源E—P图的绘制和分析进行了探讨,并从八个方面讨论了如何来查找造成资源、能源浪费的原因。     

企业清洁生产审计运行机制研究

科学发展观的提出贯彻了协调经济发展与环境保护的理念,清洁生产审计则是控制和防范污染的有效管理措施之一,了解清洁生产审计的运行机制并保证其有效实施对中国可持续发展的战略目标至关重要。首先分析了清洁生产审计在国内外研究、发展现状,在综合考虑相关制约因素的茂盛是构建了企业清洁生产审计的运行机制,最后,为保障清洁生产审计运行机制的有效实施,提出了五点保障措施。