地表水和地下水中的砷、硒同时测定

通过利用双道原子荧光法,同时对地表水和地下水样品中砷、硒进行测定,具有操作更加简单、监测分析速度快、节省试剂等优点。     

Waterproof and translucent wings at the same time: problems and solutions in butterflies

Although the colour of butterflies attracts the most attention, the waterproofing properties of their wings are also extremely interesting. Most butterfly wings are considered “super-hydrophobic” because the contact angle (CA) with a water drop exceeds 150°. Usually, butterfly wings are covered with strongly overlapping scales; however, in the case of transparent or translucent wings, scale cover is reduced; thus, the hydrophobicity could be affected. Here, we present a comparative analysis of wing hydrophobicity and its dependence on morphology for two species with translucent wings Parantica sita (Nymphalidae) and Parnassius glacialis (Papilionidae). These species have very different life histories: P. sita lives for up to 6 months as an adult and migrates over long distance, whereas P. glacialis lives for less than 1 month and does not migrate. We measured the water CA and analysed wing morphology with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. P. sita has super-hydrophobic wing surfaces, with CA > 160°, whereas P. glacialis did not (CA = 100–135°). Specialised scales were found on the translucent portions of P. sita wings. These scales were ovoid and much thinner than common scales, erect at about 30°, and leaving up to 80% of the wing surface uncovered. The underlying bare wing surface had a remarkable pattern of ridges and knobs. P. glacialis also had over 80% of the wing surface uncovered, but the scales were either setae-like or spade-like. The bare surface of the wing had an irregular wavy smooth pattern. We suggest a mode of action that allows this super-hydrophobic effect with an incompletely covered wing surface. The scales bend, but do not collapse, under the pressure of a water droplet, and the elastic recovery of the structure at the borders of the droplet allows a high apparent CA. Thus, P. sita can be translucent without losing its waterproof properties. This characteristic is likely necessary for the long life and migration of this species. This is the first study of some of the effects on the hydrophobicity of translucency through scales’ cover reduction in butterfly wings and on the morphology associated with improved waterproofing. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

水浴消解－原子荧光法同时测定污水处理厂污泥中的汞和砷

本文主要介绍了应用双道原子荧光光谱法,采用水浴消解法同时测定污水处理厂污泥中汞和砷的原理和过程。结果表明,该方法具有操作简单、快速省事、灵敏度高、准确度好、节省试剂等优点,是较好的测定方法。     

一种能同时固定CO2和N2的微生物——兼性固CO2、N2菌的分离鉴定及其验证实验

"温室效应"日趋严重,生物固碳特别是微生物固碳将发挥独特的作用.固定N2的微生物固氮菌和固定CO2的微生物固碳菌早已被研究和发现,但能同时固定大气中的CO2、N2并以CO2、N2分别为碳、氮源的微生物至今未见报道,本研究称之为兼性固CO2、N2菌.研究通过固碳菌、固氮菌培养基的优化组合出无碳、氮培养基(分别以空中的CO2、N2为碳源和氮源);通过无氮碳源的兼性固碳氮菌培养基进行分离,筛选分离到一株分别以CO2和N2为碳源和氮源.通过对该菌株的生长特性和固碳酶活性及固氮酶活性进行测定;利用PCR和琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术检测到该菌含有固碳酶RubisCO中cbbL基因及固氮酶nifH基因片段的特异性条带;对该菌进行对照验证实验证明该菌能同时固定空气中的CO2和N2并分别以CO2和N2为碳源和氮源;最后对其形态观察和16SrRNA全序列分析证明该菌株HSJ隶属于链霉菌.     

新型两性壳聚糖絮凝剂的合成及其絮凝效果的研究

该研究旨在通过化学修饰壳聚糖提高其污水处理的絮凝效果。通过壳聚糖的氨基与甲醛和酚类物质的曼尼希反应引入硫酸根基团,制备了3种具有不同取代度的两性壳聚糖衍生物。红外及核磁谱图分析结果证实,合成产物中具有苯并噁嗪环结构。经处理高岭土的水悬浮液进行模拟絮凝实验发现,这3种苯并噁嗪壳聚糖衍生物的絮凝效果随絮凝剂用量、污水pH和离子强度等条件变化而有较大变化,并均可在适当絮凝条件下获得最佳值。它们的絮凝效果全面优于未经处理的壳聚糖对比样品。取代度为80%左右的硫酸化壳聚糖絮凝剂处理污水可达近100%的浊度净化率。     

增养殖区沉积界面营养物质平衡体系研究

通过1999年在大亚湾海水增养殖区现场的调查资料,分析了上覆水、表层沉积物、柱状样品中的TN、TP含量。结果表明:(1)沉积物中营养物质对水体的贡献或交换,主要来自于表层沉积物。(2)TN的溶出率比TP高,沉积界面N的平衡体系易受破坏,沉积物中N对水体作出的贡献比P大。(3)沉积物对水体中的P有吸附现象,经一系列的地球化学过程后,沉积物中的P释放较难。(4)增养殖区上覆水TP的含量较高,超标现象较多。基于以上研究结果,建议以沉积物中TN的含量作为赤潮监测的因子。     

Benzene, toluene and xylenes levels in new and used vehicles of the same model

The aim of this work was to determine the level of benzene, toluene, o-xylene and m, p-xylene （BTX） in air samples collected from the cabins of new and used vehicles of the same model. Ten new vehicles were examined in order to check interior emission from materials used to equip the passenger compartment. In order to compare and define the impact of exhaust gases, air samples were also collected from two used cars, at different mileages （up to 20,000 kin）. All vehicles tested were of the same type. Samples were collected onto Carbograph 1TD sorbent, thermally desorbed and examined with the use of gas chromatography with flame ionisation and mass spectrometry detectors. All results obtained were referred to Polish and German requirements for indoor air quality （both in public buildings and in workspace environments）. Average benzene, toluene, o-xylene and m, p-xylene concentrations in new cars were determined at the level of 11.8 μg/m^3, 82.7 μg/m^3, 21.2 μg/m^3 and 89.5 μg/m^3, respectively. In the used cars, BTX concentration increased with increasing vehicle mileage. The most significant increase of BTX concentration was observed above 11,000 km mileage.     

Association of amnioinfusion volume at the time of surgery for twin-twin transfusion syndrome and latency to delivery

Objective

To evaluate the impact of amnioinfusion and other peri-operative factors on pregnancy outcomes in the setting of Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated via fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP).

Methods

Retrospective study of TTTS treated via FLP from 2010 to 2019. Pregnancies were grouped by amnioinfusion volume during FLP (<1 L vs. ≥1 L). The primary outcome was latency from surgery to delivery. An amnioinfusion statistic (AIstat) was created for each surgery based on the volume of fluid infused and removed and the preoperative deepest vertical pocket. Regression analysis was planned to assess the association of AIstat with latency.

Results

Patients with amnioinfusion of ≥1 L at the time of FLP had decreased latency from surgery to delivery (61 ± 29.4 vs. 73 ± 28.8 days with amnioinfusion <1 L, p < 0.001) and increased preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) <34 weeks (44.7% vs. 33.5%, p = 0.042). Amnioinfusion ≥1 L was associated with an increased risk of delivery <32 weeks (aRR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5–4.5), 30 weeks (aRR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5–3.8), and 28 weeks (aRR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–2.3). Cox-proportional regression revealed that AIstat was inversely associated with latency (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.2).

Conclusion

Amnioinfusion ≥1 L during FLP was associated with decreased latency after surgery and increased PPROM <34 weeks.     

新型动态膜预涂剂交联聚乙烯醇微球的制备及表征

提出用乳液聚合法制备交联聚乙烯醇(PVA)微球,使其吸附在膜表面实现膜的改性.通过聚乙烯醇(PVA)与戊二醛(GA)的乳化交联试验制备PVA微球粉末,并考察了W/O型乳状液内相的浓度、内外相体积比、乳化剂的性质和含量对形成稳定乳状液的影响.结果表明,当内相PVA水溶液浓度为2.7%、内外相体积比为40∶60、交联剂司盘-80的浓度为1.30 g/dL时,乳状液的稳定性好,形成的交联PVA微球满足需要.在乳化剂浓度足够的前提下,提高乳化机转速,制备的微球的粒径减小.随着理论交联度的提高,微球粒径有变小的趋势,而对Zeta电位影响不大.对制备的微球进行接触角、SEM和FTIR表征,考察了微球的亲水性、表面形态和交联反应对微球官能团的影响.     

基于时空同步监视的三维海洋灾害预警辅助分析系统

为了直观地展示海洋灾害致灾因子信息和辅助海洋灾害预警分析,应用SKYLINE三维地理信息技术构建界面布局和人机交互界面,基于时空同步监视的理念和数据综合管理的思维采用数据同步技术将台风信息与渔场、渔船、海浪、潮位、增水数据等在同一界面进行综合集成和实时叠加展示分析,建立了人机交互式三维海洋灾害预警辅助分析系统。系统具有信息查询、致灾因子同步监视分析、实时预报信息叠加分析、渔船安全管理辅助等功能,实现了对海洋海浪和风暴潮预警具有较好的辅助分析。实际应用表明,系统能够直观展示致灾要素,为防御海洋灾害提供了一个形象的会商协同平台,有助于提高海洋灾害预警分析能力。