共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
Microorganisms, plants, and animals have successfully colonized cold environments, which represent the majority of the biosphere
on Earth. They have evolved special mechanisms to overcome the life-endangering influence of low temperature and to survive
freezing. Cold adaptation includes a complex range of structural and functional adaptations at the level of all cellular constituents,
such as membranes, proteins, metabolic activity, and mechanisms to avoid the destructive effect of intracellular ice formation.
These strategies offer multiple biotechnological applications of cold-adapted organisms and/or their products in various fields.
In this review, we describe the mechanisms of microorganisms, plants, and animals to cope with the cold and the resulting
biotechnological perspectives. 相似文献
2.
ZHANG Shi-qiu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2000,12(3):270-274
Withthehugepopulationandrapideconomicgrowth ,Chinabecametheworld’ssecondlargerconsumerofenergy .Coaldominatestheprimaryenergyused ,followedbyoil,primaryelectricityandnaturalgas.Whatstrategiesand policiesadoptedbyChinathereforewillnotonlyhaveimplicationst… 相似文献
3.
ZHANG Shi-qiu 《环境科学学报》2000,12(3):270-274
This paper discusses the specific features of the energy in China, and addresses those key challenges in China is that the coexist of (1) higher total energy production and lower per capita level; (2) lower per capita energy resources level with unrational energy consumption structure; (3) lower energy utilization efficiency and higher energy conservation potential; and (4) unequal distribution of energy resources. It reviews the key environmental problems related to the feature of energy production and consumption. Based on the analysis, the author furthers addresses the policy and actions needed. 相似文献
4.
Yanfen Hao Wenying Meng Yingming Li Xu Han Huili Lu Pu Wang Ruiqiang Yang Qinghua Zhang Guibin Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(11):180-185
Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were investigated in Arctic air and soil samples collected from Ny-Ålesund and London Island, Svalbard, during Chinese scientific research expeditions to the Arctic during 2014–2015. The concentrations of Σ9NBFRs in the Arctic air and soil were 4.9–8.7 pg/m3 (average 6.8 pg/m3) and 101–201 pg/g dw (average 150 pg/g dw), respectively. The atmospheric concentration of hexabromobenzene (HBB) was significantly correlated with that of pentabromotoluene (PBT) and pentabromobenzene (PBBz), suggesting similar source and environmental fate in the Arctic air. No significant spatial difference was observed among the different sampling sites, both for air and soil samples, indicating that the effects of the scientific research stations on the occurrence of NBFRs in the Arctic were minor. The fugacities from soil to air of pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), and decabromodiphenylethane 1,2-bis (pentabromophenyl) ethane (DBDPE) were lower than the equilibrium value, indicating a nonequilibrium state of these compounds between air and soil, the dominant impact of deposition and the net transport from air to soil. The correlation analysis between the measured and predicted soil-atmosphere coefficients based on the absorption model showed that the impact of the soil organic matter on the distribution of NBFRs in the Arctic region was minor. To the best of our knowledge, this work is one of the limited reports on atmospheric NBFRs in the Arctic and the first study to investigate the occurrence and fate of NBFRs in the Arctic soil. 相似文献
5.
Dinitropyrenes (DNP) were prepared by nitration of pyrene, and the product was characterized by MS and elemental analysis. Three isomers of DNP were separated by HPLC and identified by 1H-NMR. The eating sequence on the normal phase column is 1, 3-DNP, 1, 6-DNP and 1, 8-DNP, whereas is 1, 6-DNP, 1. 8-DNP and 1. 3-DNP on the reversed phase column. The separation of three DNP isomers under different chromatographic conditions was also discussed. 相似文献
6.
Petroleum contamination is considered as a major risk to the health of humans and environment. Biochars as low-cost and eco-friendly carbon materials, have been widely used for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment. The purpose of this paper is to review the performance, mechanisms, and potential environmental toxicity of biochar,modified biochar and its integration use with other materials in petroleum contaminated soil and water. Specifically, the use of biochar in oil-contam... 相似文献
7.
Lu Yonglong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1995,7(1):1-11
Urbanization,environmentalconsequencesandmanagementinChinaLuYonglong(ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences),ChineseAcade... 相似文献
8.
CompoundpollutionofCd,Pb,Cu,Zn,Asinplant-soilsystemanditsprevention¥WuYanyu;WangXin;LiYing(InstituteofAppliedEcology,ChineseA... 相似文献
9.
《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1990,24(4):783-788
Three air pollutants, SO2, SPM and NOχ, which are identified as major pollutants in urban cities, have been considered for a comparative study between predicted and observed concentrations of these pollutants at different receptor points over Delhi. A receptor-oriented Gaussian plume model (IITLT) and Climatological Dispersion Model (CDM) have been used to estimate the long term concentration of non-reactive pollutants due to emissions from area and point sources. Modified stability parameters are used for low wind speed and calm intervals. Monthly mean concentrations of these pollutants for the period of November, December and January 1987–1988 have been computed and the results obtained from the two models are found to be close to the observed values for this period. An error analysis of 54 pairs of observed and predicted concentrations show that performances of both the models are highly satisfactory, giving an RMSE of 1.61 for IITLT Model and 1.50 for CDM. 相似文献
10.
1IntroductionChinahasalongcoastalline.Since1980’,economyincoastalareashasbeendevelopingfast,alongwiththeincreasingpopulation.... 相似文献
11.
Observation-based method for O3formation sensitivity research is an important tool to analyze the causes of ground-level O3pollution,which has broad application potentials in determining the O3pollution formation mechanism and developing prevention and control strategies.This paper outlined the development history of research on O3formation sensitivity based on observational methods,described the principle and applicability of the methodology,summarize... 相似文献
12.
13.
Hongrui M Linke Ge Shengkai Cao Crispin Halsall Junfeng Niu Dongxiao Bai Guangkai He Peng Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):139-145
The photochemical behavior of organic pollutants in ice is poorly studied in comparison to aqueous photochemistry.Here we report a detailed comparison of ice and aqueous photodegradation of two representative OH-PAHs,2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFL) and 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFL),which are newly recognized contaminants in the wider environment including colder regions.Interestingly,their photodegradation kinetics were clearly influenced by whether they reside in ice or water.Under the same simulated s... 相似文献
14.
Weiping Chen Lianqing Li Andrew C. Chang Laosheng Wu Rufus L. Chaney Richard Smith Husein Ajwa 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,129(1-3):212-220
In risk assessment models, solid–solution partition coefficient, Kd, and plant uptake factor, PUF, are often employed to depict the fate and transport of trace elements in soils. The trustworthiness of risk assessments depends on the reliability of the parameters used. In this study, we examined Kd and PUF for As, Cd and Pb based on soils and plant tissues obtained from 70 crop production fields in California. We also examined the California portion of a nationwide survey of trace elements in cropland soils conducted by the Soil Survey, Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA. Results showed that the Kd and PUF for cropland soils are probabilistic in nature and follow log-normal distributions. The trace element concentration of the soil solution did not appear to be a more appropriate estimator of PUF than the total soil element content. The Kd used in the CDFA (California Department of Food and Agriculture) study had a much wider range than that could occur in California croplands while the PUF used in the CDFA risk assessment was comparable to patterns observed in the field measurements. 相似文献
15.
Mercury emission and pollution in Chongqing City, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2000,(Z1)
1 IntroductionChongqingisabigcityinsouthwestChina,andisanimportantindustrialcitywith 2 30 0 0km2 area .About 17milliontonsofcoalareaburnhereperyear.SotheacidprecipitationandHgemissionareseriousandtheecosystemissignificantlyaffectedinChongqing(Mou ,1992 ;1995) ,moreth… 相似文献
16.
Himanshu Mali Chandni Shah B.H.Raghunandan Anil S.Prajapati Darshan H.Patel Ujjval Trivedi R.B.Subramanian 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,(5):234-250
Organophosphates(OPs) are an integral part of modern agriculture; however, due to overexploitation, OPs pesticides residues are leaching and accumulating in the soil, and groundwater contaminated terrestrial and aquatic food webs. Acute exposure to OPs could produce toxicity in insects, plants, animals, and humans. OPs are known for covalent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in pests and terrestrial/aquatic organisms, leading to nervous, respiratory, reproductive, and hepatic abnormaliti... 相似文献
17.
Richard Louis Edmonds 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1989,1(1):1-14
Environmental problems in China can be divided into two large classes: pollution and destruction of natural environment. Environmental degradation is particularly serious in areas with rapid population growth. In this paper, some of China's major environmental problems, particularly those concerned with land, forests, and continental waters are introduced in order to see how population growth and management have affected these resources over the past few decades. It is also explained how the Chinese plan to cope and eventually solve these problems. 相似文献
18.
Feng Yingsheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1991,3(2):1-10
The late start of environmental protection in Hong Kong was discussed in the light of problems encountered during the development of environmental protection legislation in Hong Kong for the past 20 years. The collaboration in monitoring and assessment of environmental pollutants between the University of Hong Kong and various governments were descrbed in parallel with the progress in environmental protection in Hong Kong. The developments of new analytical techniques for environmental monitoring and analysis is given and their application in environmental control described. The joint projects in assessment and control of environmental pollutants carried out in collaboration with local industries and other organizations within and without the university are given and discussed. The problems and possible solution facing Hong Kong in development control equipment for small scale industries are discussed and areas of development identified. The development and experience in the monitoring assessment and co 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2008,10(1):6-11
Commercial tungsten powder of average particle size 12 μm was mixed with 10 wt% Ni powder and plasma sprayed on a SUS304 stainless steel substrate. W–Ni composite coatings have been sprayed at different Ar plasma gas flow rates of 120, 150, and 170 l/min and different Ar carrier gas flow rates of 5, 8, and 10 l/min. The microstructure and phase structure of the sprayed coatings were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Corrosion tests were performed for the sprayed W–Ni coatings in a 3.5% NaCl solution using an electrochemical polarization method. It was found that the W–Ni coatings sprayed at a higher Ar gas flow rate showed higher corrosion resistance compared with coatings sprayed at a lower gas flow rate. A more positive value of the corrosion potential and a lower value of the corrosion current are observed for coatings sprayed at a higher Ar gas flow rate. 相似文献