商品具有环境价值属性

商品是用来交换并能满足人们某种愿望的劳动产品。马克思的商品经济学理论认为,商品具有使用价值和价值两种属性,它是历史发展到一定阶段的产物。从商品发展史我们可以知道:自公元前三世纪古希腊杰出的思想家色诺芬提出商品一词到马克思在《资本论》中对其进行科学分析,经历了二十多个世纪,马克思在商品的研究上作出了巨大贡献。后来的商品研究,都是围绕商品具有使用价值和价值两种属性为前提展开的。     

农民工权益保护的三方角色分析——基于劳动关系系统论视角

笔者试图从劳动关系系统论的角度将农民工权益受损的原因归结为其所在的整个劳动关系的非正常化．即当农民工、用工单位及政府这三个主体各自超越其角色定位、两两关系异化时,劳动关系得不到正常发展,农民工的权益必然受损。对此,我国正在逐步建立劳动关系的三方协商机制,通过对农民工调查结果的分析,本文认为当下改善农民工权益保护状况的关系在于从制度层面和主体层面摆正劳动关系系统主体的相互关系,从而确保三方协商机制的有效运行。     

自然资源估价理论与方法

自然资源估价理论与方法黄贤金（南京农业大学土地管理学院，南京２１００９５）吴克宁（河南农业大学，郑州４５０００２）１价值理论马克思在运用劳动价值论分析土地价值这一问题时，“把土地物质和土地资本区别开来”研究。马克思指出：“经济学上所说的土地是指未经人...     

新劳动教育让学生走进自然

丰富体验平台,培养孩子的环保意识;丰富活动形式,探索环境科学知识;尝试社会实践,掌握环境保护的技能;推进课程教育,培养环境保护的习惯。新劳动教育让学生融入自然。     

发刊词

“一个单独的提琴手是自己指挥自己,一个乐队就需要一个乐队指挥。”(《资本论》第一卷367页)在这里,马克思告诉我们,只要有社会生产,就需要有管理。科学技术对生产发展起加速作用。这个作用的发挥,是靠管理来实现的。况且,科学管理,在一定限度内也对生产力功效起放大作用。环境管理是环境保护工作的首要任     

新时代中学生劳动精神培育的价值及其路径探究

<正>通过对中学生劳动精神缺失的表现及原因分析,提出了劳动观念纠偏、劳动素质提升、劳动氛围带动、劳动实践强化等路径,使新时代劳动精神成为中学生创新创造的力量源泉。党的十八大以来,劳动教育被纳入了“德智体美劳”的总体要求当中。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出：“在全社会弘扬劳动精神、奋斗精神、奉献精神、创造精神、勤俭节约精神,培育新时代风貌”~[1]。因此,发挥劳动的育人功能,     

劳动是体育锻炼吗

这种以为体力劳动可以代替体育运动的观点是不全面的,带有很大的局限性和片面性。目前在劳动与体育锻炼的关系上存在的误区主要有:1.认为“自己从事的是体力劳动,身体活动的强度、体力消耗都已很大,因此不必再进行什么体育锻炼了”。劳动是一种身体活动,对增强体力有一定的效果,特别是体力劳动,是可以起到一定的锻炼身体的作用的。     

名词解释

人力资源——是指发展经济和社会事业所需具备必要劳动能力(智力与体力)的人口。在社会主义条件下,应具有一定的政治觉悟、掌握现代科学技术、身体健康的劳动者。     

浅谈生态道德观对环境科学发展的指导

针对环境科学的特点,立足于长远发展,从生态哲学角度分析了生态道德观对环境科学技术的重要价值。分析认为应用生态的观点来学习和研究环境科学,才能达到最大程度防治的目的;合理融入生态观念的环境治理技术有利于经济发展;生态道德观是环境科技工作者必备的品质和环境科学发展的动力。通过这三个方面的分析得出环境科学技术的发展必须以生态道德观为指导的结论。另外本文从纵向和横向分析了生态道德观在指导环境科学技术发展过程中存在的问题并提出了相应的措施和建议。     

杭州市富阳区大源中学致力新劳动教育课程开发

正作为富阳区新劳动教育联盟单位和浙江省劳动教育示范基地,大源中学结合生态文明建设,致力于开展有声有色的劳动教育,旨在培养学生的劳动意识、生态环保意识。右脚后退一步,插三株秧苗;左脚后退一步,再插三株秧苗……近日,杭州市富阳区大源中学(以下简称"大源中学")举行了"四季芒种"插秧节活动,同学们在学校"经纬园"实践基地中开辟的水稻田里插下了水稻秧苗。     

Imperatives for attracting investment and technology in the Indian mining sector

In India, the mineral resource inventory and the production of a large number of important minerals have registered significant increases during the last few decades. Yet the country continues to be a net importer of many high value and scarce minerals and metals, like gold, diamond, and several base metals. Exploration and development of the resources of these minerals are technology- and capital-intensive. To bring technology and capital through foreign direct investment (FDI) into the Indian mineral sector, it is imperative to lay stress on: accurate resource estimation and categorization, as well as realistic projection of the true values; rationalization of legislative measures based on R&D studies and reorganization of the implementation machinery; conducive tax structure; notification of acts and rules applicable to offshore mineral resources; time-frames for granting licences and leases; encouragement to labor productivity by rationalizing labor laws; reforms in the monetary system to increase market competitiveness of Indian minerals; and judicial reforms. FDI in the Indian mineral sector is important to firm up the knowledge-base of mineral resources and their optimum exploitation.     

Good deposits are not enough: Mining labor productivity analysis in the copper industry in Chile and Peru 1992–2009

Chile and Peru produce almost 45% of world’s mine copper output. This situation reflects their natural endowment and mining tradition, but is also the result of development processes undertaken over the last decades. As a result, both countries multiplied its mine copper production in more than 3 times in the last 20 years. Mining labor productivity played a central role achieving these amazing growth rates. Although there is a consensus about the relevance of this variable for the mining industry, the specific factors behind labor productivity changes are not completely understood.     

全国党校(行政学院)系统学习贯彻习近平生态文明思想理论研讨会综述

2018"全国党校(行政学院)系统学习贯彻习近平生态文明思想理论研讨会"成功召开,达成了至少以下三方面的共识:首先,习近平生态文明思想发源于福建,发展和成熟于浙江,是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想最富原创性的成果之一。这一重要思想体现了"一脉相承",体现了对马克思主义理论和我国传统文化的继承与发展。其次,生态文明建设的"四梁八柱"已搭建完成,下一步的重点在于如何落实。从地方推进改革的战略维度,关键要坚持与强化党的全面领导,着力解决突出环境问题,推进绿色发展主导,优化国土空间开发规划,注重制度建设与创新引领。最后,生态文明建设领域的学科建设与教学培训尚处于起步阶段。与会学者提出了几组反映中国经验及其逻辑和特征的核心概念或实践探索,包括生态系统生产总值(GEP)核算、生态产品的内涵及其价值实现,以及自然资源资产负债表编制等。     

荷兰生态（有机）农业对上海农业发展的借鉴

安全高效、资源节约、环境友好型的生态农业生产技术,已成为国际农业领域研究和关注的热点;发展高效生态（有机）农业,以新的强度和效能为长三角和我国现代化农业发展作贡献,是上海社会主义新农村建设的重大战略,是上海现代农业发展的必由之路。荷兰生态（有机）农业发展提供了以下成功经验：以生态学原理指导农业生产,实现生产生态共荣;在农产品生产中应用HACCP理论,加强农业生产的过程控制和质量管理;通过制定良好农业技术规范（Eurep-GAP）,保障农业的可持续发展,保护生态环境。上海发展高效生态（有机）农业的对策建议：加强政策扶持,深化有机农业理论和技术研究,建立和规范与国际接轨的认证体系,以生态学的原理和原则指导农业生产和技术的发展。     

Analysis of the impact of tourism on agricultural carbon emissions-based on the mediating effect of nonagricultural transfer of labor in China

How to control the growth of agricultural carbon emissions while developing tourism has become the primary issue that needs addressing in the development of rural China. This paper explores the impact of tourism on agricultural carbon emissions and further analyses the mediating effect of labor transfer in this relationship. The analysis is evaluated using provincial panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2019 with a sequential regression model. The results show that tourism development increases agricultural carbon emissions, which is more pronounced in areas with advanced economies or higher education levels. Second, labor transfer to nonfarming industries suppresses the increase in agricultural carbon emissions caused by tourism. Finally, (i) the impact of tourism on labor transfer in less developed and less educated regions is limited, and (ii) there is the expectation of large-scale use of agricultural machinery due to labor transfer in economically developed or highly educated areas. The heterogeneity test shows these two reasons lead to a mediating effect of labor transfer on agricultural carbon emissions in different regions.     

习近平生态文明思想发展的历史溯源、发展脉络与世界意义

准确把握历史逻辑和深刻内涵是学习贯彻习近平生态文明思想的重要前提。本文从中国共产党实践、发扬马克思主义关于人与自然关系的思想视角,以百年时间轴为主线,回顾了中国共产党重视生态文明建设的历史和不同阶段特征,系统梳理了习近平生态文明思想的历史逻辑和理论体系,总结概括出我国生态文明建设取得的实践效果,并提出以习近平生态文明思想为引领,持续改善生态环境质量,推动形成绿色低碳发展全球共识,分享可持续发展中国方案的路径和趋势,共谋全球生态文明建设。     

油田修井起下杆管清洁生产技术现状及分析

文章从现有杆管清洁设备的基本结构、工作原理、应用效果入手,分析了井下、井口、井场、车间4个环节15种杆管清洁生产技术的优缺点和适应性,同时引入技术成熟完备性指标,对每种杆管清洁生产技术作了定量评价,认为在施工中应综合考虑地层、井史、油田所处环境敏感性等影响因素,将其集成或组合使用,形成适合于不同类型油井的杆管清洁模式。建议继续加强井下泄油、油管内壁清洗、内防喷、井口防喷防溅等关键设备研发与完善,提高清洁生产技术的适应性、可靠性,以降低劳动强度,提高工作效率。     

Based on material flow analysis: Value chain analysis of China iron resources

Iron is an important basic resource for national economic development in China. It is of great strategic importance for the sustainable development of China's economy to study the utilization and circulation status of iron resources. In this paper, using the material flow and value chain analysis method, we quantitatively analyzed the value flow of iron resources in China. According to the value chain and price theory of element M, a value stream diagram of iron resources corresponding to the substance flow chart was plotted. Based on the previous material flow analysis result of iron resources, the diagram quantitatively depicted the value of the circulating flow of iron resources in China in 2011. The results show that by recycling materials, the value of the circulating flow of iron resources can bring considerable economic benefits to both producers and consumers. In the production stage, the expenditures of the entire economic system was reduced by 91.77 billion RMB by circulating iron and the income increased by 95 billion RMB by recycling home scrap, which was generated in the crude steel production stage. In the use stage of iron and steel products, the recycling of old scrap enabled the entire economic system to recover 370.78 billion RMB. It should be noted that analysis within a single framework of physical and economic characteristics of iron resources in the economic system can further extend the research chain of substance flow and value flow at the macro level, enhancing the economic value of substances flow research. In addition, by tracking and depicting the value flow cycle of elements, the improvement potentials and the value situations can be determined to provide useful information for conducting processing and technological innovation for waste minimization.     

乡村在城镇化过程中受到的冲击及其发展问题

中国是一个农业历史悠久的大国,乡村在社会中具有重要地位。通过近30多年的改革开放,乡村的建设和农业生产水平均有了显著的提高。但是在工业化、城镇化的浪潮下,乡村所受到的冲击十分剧烈。城镇化是经济与社会发展的强大动力,也是历史发展的必然趋势。城镇化进程有其客观规律,而且城市与乡村之间有着密切联系。因此,人为地阻挡城镇化不利于经济发展。然而,若不顾实际条件,不惜代价地加快城镇化进程,不仅难以保持和提高城市的经济发展和生活质量,而且对乡村的影响会更大。本文在论述中国1949年以来几个阶段城镇化特点的基础上,从近年来城乡差距与乡村人口劳动力的变化、土地高速非农化与粮食安全、乡村生态环境、乡村文化四个方面论述快速城镇化对乡村的冲击,并在此基础上讨论乡村的发展问题。根据上述乡村发展问题,本文提出若干意见,其中最要顾及的是新型城镇化进程中的乡村建设和农业生产。由于我国的自然条件、资源禀赋、各地的经济区位差异很大、发展的起点不同、进程有快慢、水平有高低,所以,以人为本的新型城镇化,特别要在城乡发展一体化的进程中,构建平等协调的城乡关系。各地城镇化的发展时序可有所不同,但必须因地制宜、同时做好乡村发展规划,力求农业现代化与工业化、信息化、城镇化同步,从而使农业和乡村经济得到持续发展。     

Ethical Analysis of the Use of GM Fish: Emerging Issues for Aquaculture Development

Improvements in production methods over the last two decades have resulted in aquaculture becoming a significant contributor to food production in many countries. Increased efficiency and production levels are off-setting unsustainable capture fishing practices and contributing to food security, particularly in a number of developing countries. The challenge for the rapidly growing aquaculture industry is to develop and apply technologies that ensure sustainable production methods that will reduce environmental damage, increase productivity across the sector, and respect the diverse social and cultural dimensions of fish farming that are observed globally. The aquaculture industry currently faces a number of technology trajectories, which include the option to commercially produce genetically modified (GM) fish. The use of genetic modification in aquaculture has the potential to contribute to increased food security and is claimed to be the next logical step for the industry. However, the potential use of these technologies raises a number of important ethical questions. Using an ethical framework, the Ethical Matrix, this paper explores a number of the ethical issues potentially raised by the use of GM technologies in aquaculture. Several key issues have been identified. These include aspects of distributive justice for producers; use of a precautionary approach in the management of environmental risk and food safety; and impacts on the welfare and intrinsic value of the fish. There is a need to conduct a comparative analysis of the full economic cycle of the use of GM fish in aquaculture production for developing countries. There is also a need to initiate an informed dialogue between stakeholders and strenuous efforts should be made to ensure the participation of producers and their representatives from developing nations. An additional concern is that any national licensing of the first generation of GM fish, i.e., in the USA, may initiate and frame an assessment cycle, mediated by the WTO, which could dominate the conditions under which the technology will be applied and regulated globally. Therefore, an integrated analysis of the technology development trajectories, in terms of international policy, IPR, and operational implications, as well as an analysis of a broader range of ethical concerns, is needed.