深化认识 加快发展区域循环经济

论述了循环经济在我国经济社会发展中的战略地位,指出加快发展区域循环经济是调整经济结构、转变发展方式的战略性举措,提出加快区域循环经济发展的3大举措。     

中国化工防治污染技术协会对循环经济试点企业实施方案进行评审

为贯彻和落实科学发展观、加快推进循环经济发展、促进经济增长方式转变，国家发展改革委员会与国家环保总局等有关部门于2005年10月将《循环经济试点工作方案》和国家循环经济试点单位（第一批）印发。     

循环经济发展战略下的企业决策行为研究——以天津滨海新区为例

在循环经济发展战略下,企业呈现出不同的行为模式,选择差异性目标和决策成本构成了企业的决策过程.转变经济发展方式的要求强化了企业所面对的市场竞争,而企业发展循环经济是具有内在动力机制的市场化行为.     

加强资源综合利用 大力发展循环经济——访中国有色金属工业协会会长康义

实施节能减排工作,发展循环经济,是贯彻落实科学发展观、转变经济发展方式的紧迫任务,也是我国应对全球气候变化的实际行动。有色金属工业是我国6大重点耗能行业之一,也是发展循环经济的重点行业之一。有色金属行业发展循环经济的现状与前景,对我国整体循环经济的发展有着至关重要的作用。为了了解"十一五"期间我国有色金属行业循环经济发展历程及今后形势,本刊对中国有色金属工业协会会长康义进行了专访。     

国家发展和改革委员会、中国人民银行、中国银行业监督管理委员会、中国证券监督管理委员会文件 关于支持循环经济发展的投融资政策措施意见的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团发展改革委、经贸委（经委、经信委、工信委）;中国人民银行上海总部,各分行、营业管理部,省会（首府）城市中心支行;各省、自治区、直辖市银监局、证监局;各政策性银行,国有商业银行,股份制商业银行,中国邮政储蓄银行： 为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国循环经济促进法》（以下简称《循环经济促进法》）和《国务院关于加快发展循环经济的若干意见》（国发[2005]22号）,加大对发展循环经济的投融资政策支持力度,促进循环经济形成较大规模,加快调整经济结构,转变经济发展方式,建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会,现就支持循环经济发展的投资融资政策措施意见通知如下：     

打造循环经济的“黄金链条”

介绍了中国平煤神马能源化工集团有限责任公司,积极转变经济发展方式,大力发展循环经济和低碳经济,努力打造和完善我国目前最高端的煤基化工产业链,在产业链延伸的过程中实现资源利用效率最大化,碳排放最小化的具体经验。     

绿色矿山评价指标体系的初步探讨

建设绿色矿山是转变经济发展方式、发展循环经济的一个重要组成部分。论述了绿色矿山的基本内涵,对建立绿色矿山评价指标体系的原则、框架及主要评价指标进行探讨。指出绿色矿山评价指标体系的建立,有利于矿产资源开发的科学规划、综合利用和可持续发展。     

国家发展改革委办公厅 财政部办公厅关于请组织推荐 2014 年园区循环化改造示范试点备选园区的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团发展改革委（经信委、工信厅）、财政厅（局）： 为贯彻落实《循环经济促进法》、国家“十二五”规划纲要和《循环经济发展战略及近期行动计划》,推进园区循环经济发展,提高园区综合竞争力,加快转变经济发展方式,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,提高生态文明水平,国家发展改革委、财政部决定继续组织实施园区循环化改造示范试点工作,现就申报2014年园区循环化改造示范试点备选园区有关事项通知如下。     

甘肃省循环发展成效及其经验

循环发展是我国改革开放以来实施的一项国家战略,是加快转变经济发展方式的重要路径。甘肃省作为国家级循环经济示范区,在循环发展方面取得的成效较为显著,尤其是部分指标取得了非常好的成绩。在总结甘肃省持续开展的国家级循环经济示范区建设三期工作经验基础上,对下一步的绿色发展和循环发展思路展开论述。     

国务院关于印发循环经济发展战略及近期行动计划的通知

前言 发展循环经济是我国的一项重大战略决策,是落实党的十八大推进生态文明建设战略部署的重大举措,是加快转变经济发展方式,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,实现可持续发展的必然选择. 近年来,各地区、各部门大力推动循环经济发展,循环经济理念进一步确立,产业体系逐步完善,发展水平不断提高,经济、社会和环境效益进一步显现.当前,我国已进入全面建成小康社会的决定性阶段,随着工业化、城镇化和农业现代化持续推进,我国能源资源需求将呈刚性增长,废弃物产生量将不断增加,经济增长与资源环境之间的矛盾更加突出,发展循环经济的要求更为迫切.     

欧盟包装废物管理和总体产生特性分析

欧盟旱在1994年就颁布了包装和包装废物的指令,提出了包装废物管理的目标和管理内容,要求各成员国采取积极的经济和法律措施,建立自由流通的公平市场秩序。通过研究评估表明,包装和包装废物指令的实施产生了多方面的积极影响。统计数据表明,历年包装废物回收总量平稳增加,处置量平稳下降,单位GDP产值产生包装废物的系数基本保持稳定,但各国包装废物人均产生量存在较大差异。     

Oil Spill Modeling towards the Close of the 20th Century: Overview of the State of the Art

The state-of-the-art in oil spill modeling is summarized, focusing primarily on the years from 1990 to the present. All models seek to describe the key physical and chemical processes that transport and weather the oil on and in the sea. Current insights into the mechanisms of these processes and the availability of algorithms for describing and predicting process rates are discussed. Advances are noted in the areas of advection, spreading, evaporation, dispersion, emulsification, and interactions with ice and shorelines. Knowledge of the relationship between oil properties, and oil weathering and fate, and the development of models for the evaluation of oil spill response strategies are summarized. Specific models are used as examples where appropriate. Future directions in these and other areas are indicated     

Pyrolysis of tyres. Influence of the final temperature of the process on emissions and the calorific value of the products recovered

A study was made of the pyrolysis of tyre particles, with the aim of determining the possibilities of using the products resulting from the process as fuel. Three final temperatures were used, determined from thermogravimetric data. The design of the experiment was a horizontal oven containing a reactor into which particles of the original tyre were placed. After the process, a solid fraction (char) remained in the reactor, while the gases generated went through a set of scrubbers where most of the condensable fraction (oils) was retained. Finally, once free of this fraction, the gases were collected in glass ampoules. Solid and liquids fractions were subjected to thermogravimetric analyses in order to study their combustibility. The gas fraction was analysed by means of gas chromatography to establish the content of CO, CO2, H2 and hydrocarbons present in the samples (mainly components of gases produced in the pyrolysis process). A special study was made of the sulphur and chlorine content of all the fractions, as the presence of these elements could be problematic if the products are used as fuel. Tyre pyrolysis engenders a solid carbon residue that concentrates sulphur and chorine, with a relatively high calorific value, although not so high as that of the original tyre. The liquid fraction produced by the process has a high calorific value, which rises with the final temperature, up to 40 MJ/kg. The chlorine content of this fraction is negligible. Over 95% of the gas fraction, regardless of the final temperature, is composed of hydrocarbons of a low molecular weight and hydrogen, this fraction also appearing to be free of chlorine.     

Economic aspects of the rehabilitation of the Hiriya landfill

The Hiriya landfill, Israel's largest, operated from 1952 to 1998. The landfill, located in the heart of the Dan Region, developed over the years into a major landscape nuisance and environmental hazard. In 1998, the Israeli government decided to close the landfill, and in 2001 rehabilitation activities began at the site, including site investigations, engineering and scientific evaluations, and end-use planning. The purpose of the present research is to perform a cost-benefit analysis of engineering and architectural-landscape rehabilitation projects considered for the site. An engineering rehabilitation project is required for the reduction of environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, slope instability and leachate formation. An architectural-landscape rehabilitation project would consider improvements to the site to make it suitable for future end uses such as a public park. The findings reveal that reclamation is worthwhile only in the case of architectural-landscape rehabilitation of the landfill, converting it into a public park. Engineering rehabilitation alone was found to be unjustified, but is essential to enable the development of a public park.     

Comparative Thermodynamic Study on the Contribution of the Autocondensation and Copolymerization Reactions for the Tannins of the Subspecies of Acacia nilotica

Autocondensation and copolymerization reactions of the Acacia nilotica subspecies tomentosa (Ant) and the subspecies adansonii (Ana) tannins extracts solutions have been studied at several pH values by thermomechanical analyzer. Results of chemical analysis of these tannins revealed that the studied tannins, Ant and Ana contained high percentages of extractable tannins (54 and 57 %) for and polyphenolic materials (78 and 80 %) respectively. Different hardeners such as paraformaldehyde, Urea and pMDI were added at different ratios and their polycondensation reactions was studied and compared with their autocondensation ones. The aim was to evaluate the tannins suitability for the production of commercially and technically viable tannin adhesives with reduced Formaldehyde emission for wood products and to study the interference between the autocondensation and the copolymerization reaction. The obtained results of autocondensation reaction for both of the tannins studied showed that the best Young’s modulus values for Ant (3,500 and 2,750 MPa) and Ana (2,650 and 2,620 MPa) were obtained at pH 5 and 7. The Young’s modulus values obtained by the tannins Ant were higher than those achieved by Ana. This indicates that the Ant is more reactive than Ana. These results were also in line with results achieved by the gel time for both of the tannins. Gel time results indicate that the reactivity of both tannins increased towards alkalinity with Ana being more reactive at alkaline pH. Addition of 8 % of paraformaldehyde was adversely affecting the autocondensation reactions, as the best Young’s modulus values were achieved at pH 4 for Ant tannins. As for Ana the higher Young’s modulus values (2,000 and 2,310 MPa) were achieved at pH 5 and 7. This indicates that autocondensation reaction was contributed to the final network of the copolymerization reaction. When smaller ratio of paraformaldehyde and Urea (5 %) was added to Ant tannins it favors the autocondensation reaction and the best Young’s modulus values were obtained at pH 5 and 7. Addition of pMDI (10–30 %) was found to decrease the temperature of copolymerization and the obtained Young’s modulus values by Ant were lower than those obtained by autocodensation reaction. Best Young’ modulus values were obtained by Ant at pH 5 and 7. Ana gave the best Young’s modulus values at pH 4 and 5 indicating that the autocondensation appears to depress the copolymerization reactions. The obtained results by both reactions were very important from technical and economical point of view as they concluded that it is very possible to produce adhesives system with zero emission depending on the tannins autocondensation reaction and pH values. Reduction of formaldehyde emission was also possible upon addition of smaller amount of paraformaldehyde and Urea.     

日本包装废物管理体系和产生特性分析

介绍了日本的资源循环法律体系和促进容器包装分类回收和再商品化的法律和有关方针,介绍了日本容器和包装的管理体制和主要措施,以及各类包装废物回收利用状况和特点。     

A comparison of the comprehensive municipal solid waste management systems of the region of Prague and the principality of Asturias. the influence of collection systems and municipality size on the waste collection and the recycling rates

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The correct management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a critical factor in the protection of the environment, as well as a source for the...     

On the Methods for the Delimitation of Seasons

It is well known that air pollution is one of the major factors affecting human health and the activities in a town. Among the various air pollutants an interesting one, especially for sunny climates, is the reactive O₃. O₃ varies significantly through the year; it is therefore very important to know the onset and the duration of the warm period of the year since at that time O₃ concentrations increase significantly. In this work, an attempt was made to determine the onset of warm season of the year as well as its duration in various sites located in Northeastern Mediterranean. For this purpose, a fuzzy clustering method is used. The method was applied on the isobaric thickness between 1000 and 500 hPa for the period from 1974 to 1997. The results were compared to conventional methods based on synoptic classification and were found to be in good agreement.