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1.
以磁性石墨烯为载体制备了磁性石墨烯固定化漆酶,考察了固定化漆酶的酶学特性及其对双酚A(BPA)的降解效能。结果表明,氧化石墨烯的比表面积高达726.34 m2·g-1,与游离漆酶相比,经过石墨烯固定化后漆酶对酸的适应能力、耐热性和贮存稳定性均有所提高,p H值2.0~4.0范围内固定化漆酶活性较为稳定;加入变性剂尿素(1 mol·L-1)后,固定化漆酶的相对活性为87%,游离漆酶相对活性仅为63.02%,固定化导致抗变性剂能力增强。固定化漆酶和游离漆酶活性分别在45和40℃时达到最大值。与游离漆酶相比,固定化漆酶最佳反应温度升高了5℃,且在50℃时,固定化漆酶的相对活性依然保持在95.11%;25℃,p H值4.0条件下保存10 d,固定化漆酶活性为最初活性的82.57%;固定化漆酶具有良好的重复利用性,重复利用10次后,漆酶活性仍为最初活性的82.01%。固定化酶的米氏常数Km为5.38×10-4 mol·L-1,较游离酶的大,说明固定化酶与底物的亲和力比游离酶小。磁性石墨烯固定化漆酶具有良好的吸附能力,可吸附-催化氧化水中的BPA,且石墨烯良好的吸附作用促进了催化反应,水中BPA质量浓度为15 mg·L-1时,经过18 h反应,BPA的去除率能达到82.14%左右。本研究的结果为石墨烯新型材料固定化漆酶及其应用提供了参考。  相似文献   

2.
固定化反胶团漆酶及其在修复土壤DDT污染中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用吸附法将反胶团漆酶吸附在表面改性后的硅藻土上,制备固定化反胶团漆酶.探讨了反胶团漆酶固定化的影响因素及其部分酶学特性,并对其在修复土壤DDT污染中的应用进行了研究.反胶团漆酶固定化的最佳温度是35 ℃,载体硅藻土的改性剂Tween-80的加入量为硅藻土质量的15%.固定化反胶团漆酶的最适作用温度为35 ℃,最适作用pH为3.5~5.0;与游离漆酶相比,固定化反胶团漆酶的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性都显著提高.采用游离漆酶和固定化反胶团漆酶修复DDT污染土壤,游离漆酶处理中DDT总量(DDTs)的降解率为50.53%,而固定化反胶团漆酶处理中DDTs的降解率高达69.17%.固定化反胶团漆酶处理较游离漆酶处理的DDTs降解率提高了近20%.  相似文献   

3.
为评价外生菌根真菌红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)在不同营养条件和污染条件下产漆酶的能力,采用改良的Kottke营养液培养法研究了不同碳氮比、DDT处理和重金属处理对X.chrysenteron漆酶活性的影响,探讨了不同处理对漆酶活性的影响机制。结果表明:(1)X.chrysenteron漆酶粗酶对底物ABTS的米氏常数Km值为0.038 mmol·L-1。在接种X.chrysenteron后,漆酶活性的峰值出现在菌丝生长的稳定期,静置培养63 d后漆酶活性可达118 U·L-1。在静置和振荡条件下,X.chrysenteron在改良的Kottke营养液中的最大产漆酶量均为157 U·L-1,振荡培养不能提高最大漆酶产量。高的碳氮比条件下(葡萄糖与(NH4)2HPO4质量浓度之比为20)可以获得较大的漆酶活性。(2)在培养的第54天,1 mg·L-1 DDT和5 mg·L-1DDT处理的培养基中的漆酶活性相比对照分别提高了0.5倍和1倍,显示出DDT对产漆酶的诱导作用。(3)低浓度(1 mmol·L-1)的不同重金属对X.chrysenteron漆酶活性有不同的影响,在培养的第54天,Cu和Cd能够将漆酶活性分别提高2.6倍和0.3倍,Mn对漆酶活性没有明显的影响,Zn降低了漆酶活性,Hg则完全抑制了漆酶活性。高浓度的Cu(5 mmol·L-1)对漆酶活性的提高不明显,而高浓度的Cd(5 mmol·L-1)则降低了漆酶活性。重金属对X.chrysenteron漆酶活性的影响机制可能包括通过对漆酶基因的诱导或抑制,以及对菌丝生物量的影响,进而对漆酶活性产生影响。研究表明,高的碳氮比、适当质量浓度的DDT处理及低浓度的Cu、Cd处理均能促进X.chrysenteron产漆酶,显示出其在POPs和重金属复合污染环境下对POPs的降解潜力。  相似文献   

4.
重组大肠杆菌产CotA漆酶的发酵条件优化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
CotA漆酶在环境保护、食品工业和纸浆漂白等工业中具有重要的应用价值.将重组表达载体pET-22b/CotA转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),得到工程菌株,采用单因素实验和正交实验相结合的方法,研究诱导表达条件和发酵培养基对重组大肠杆菌产CotA漆酶量的影响.结果表明,初始pH 7.5的培养基中,添加0.6 mmol L-1 Cu2+,1 g L-1葡萄糖作碳源、15 g L-1蛋白胨和2 g L-1硫酸铵作氮源,以10%的接种量,37℃、200 r/min,直到菌液的D600 nm值为1.0,加入终浓度为1.0 mmol L-1的IPTG,25℃诱导12 h,漆酶的产量最高.优化前发酵液的粗提液的漆酶活性仅为1 190 U mL-1,优化后达到3 526 U mL-1,正交实验优化后漆酶活性提高了2.96倍.纯化的CotA漆酶最适反应温度为45℃,最适pH值为7.2.CotA漆酶对RBBR的脱色率在90%以上,此CotA漆酶在短时间内对染料能够有效地脱色,能够成为有潜力的工业用酶.图6表3参17  相似文献   

5.
利用土壤五氯酚(PCP)污染模拟实验,研究两种不同生态型蚯蚓(赤子爱胜蚓Eisenia foetida和壮尾环毛蚓Amynthas robustus E.Perrie)和堆肥固定化添加模式对漆酶降解土壤PCP的影响。在42 d培养期内,测试了不同处理下PCP质量分数、漆酶活性,以及土壤呼吸和微生物碳氮等微生物指标。结果表明:堆肥固定化漆酶降解土壤PCP的效果优于壳聚糖固定化漆酶和自由漆酶,主要原因是堆肥固定化漆酶能够有效地提高漆酶稳定性,减缓其活性下降速度。此外,堆肥还能提高土壤微生物的数量与活性,显著提升土壤漆酶的活性。添加两种生态型蚯蚓对漆酶活性影响不显著,但均可以显著提高土壤微生物的数量与活性,加速土壤中PCP的降解。壮尾环毛蚓对土壤微生物数量与活性的提升效果优于赤子爱胜蚓。  相似文献   

6.
固定化根霉脂肪酶的性质及在手性酯拆分中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过载体筛选及固定化过程优化,选用硅胶25℃吸附4h,1%戊二醛交联1h的方法对根霉(Rhizopus sp.Bc0-09m01)脂肪酶进行了固定化,对固定化酶的各种酶学性质进行的研究表明,酶的最适作用温度为40-45℃,是适作用pH为7.5,在4-30 ℃范围中性偏酸(pH4.0-9.0)环境中比较稳定,固定化酶的热稳定性及pH稳定性较游离酶有较大幅度的提高,将固定化酶用于拆分环氧丙醇丁酸酯,在转化率达到53%时得到的残留底物对映体过量值(ees)可达90%,固定化酶批式反应连续运行10批后酶活仍保持80%。  相似文献   

7.
固定化多环芳烃降解酶——谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
王俊  张干  李军  屈伟月 《环境化学》2006,25(5):576-579
以自制壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联剂固定谷胱甘肽S-转移酶,研究了交联剂浓度、酶用量、pH值、温度及时间等因素对固定化酶活性的影响.结果表明,戊二醛浓度0.5%,pH7.0,温度20℃,时间12h以及液态酶与壳聚糖凝胶1:1配比是谷胱甘肽S-转移酶最佳固定化条件,固定化酶催化菲降解的最佳反应时间是9h.另外,固定化酶与游离酶相比,稳定性和可操作性都有较大的提高.  相似文献   

8.
以壳聚糖/蒙脱土插层复合物为载体,吸附法制备固定化多酚氧化酶,并以此催化氧化去除水中的苯酚、4-氯苯酚和2,4-二氯苯酚.考察了固定化多酚氧化酶的制备条件,对酚类化合物的催化氧化条件、动力学特性以及固定化酶的重复使用性能.结果表明,固定化多酚氧化酶的最佳制备条件为p H 5.0,酶与载体质量比20 mg·g-1,固定化6 h,所得固定化酶的载酶量为12.12 mg·g-1,每克单位载体酶活为12.76×103U·g-1.固定化多酚氧化酶对酚类化合物的最佳去除条件为:苯酚溶液p H 7.0,温度30℃;4-氯苯酚溶液p H 5.0,温度20℃;2,4-二氯苯酚溶液p H 5.0,温度30℃.在最佳反应条件下,酶与底物质量比为20 mg·mg-1时,固定化多酚氧化酶对苯酚、4-氯苯酚和2,4-二氯苯酚溶液去除率分别为63.6%、85.8%和87.8%.苯酚、4-氯苯酚和2,4-二氯苯酚的米氏常数Km值依次减小,最大反应速率Vmax依次增大,表明固定化酶对2,4-二氯苯酚的亲和力最强,催化速度最快.固定化酶循环使用6次(24 h)后对苯酚、4-氯苯酚和2,4-二氯苯酚的去除率分别为15.7%、24.2%和27.8%.  相似文献   

9.
为初步探讨脱氧鬼臼毒素(Deoxypodophyllotoxin,DOP)对鱼类的毒性效应,采用静态鱼类急性毒性试验法测定了DOP对斑马鱼(Daniorerio)代谢酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响;参照DOP的96hLC50值,设定4个浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0mg·L-1)处理斑马鱼,48h后测定斑马鱼肌肉组织腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果表明,DOP对斑马鱼96hLC50值为3.49mg·L-1,安全浓度为0.36mg·L-1.DOP在0.5~4.0mg·L-1对斑马鱼肌肉总ATPase、Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase的作用趋势均表现为:1.0和2.0mg·L-1显著激活(p<0.05,p<0.01);4.0mg·L-1显著抑制(p<0.05),抑制率分别为24.4%、12.3%和33.8%.DOP在0.5~4.0mg·L-1对斑马鱼肌肉抗氧化酶的作用趋势与对ATPase的作用趋势一致,表现为:1.0、2.0mg·L-1DOP对SOD和CAT均表现为显著激活(p<0.05,p<0.01);4.0mg·L-1DOP对SOD和CAT均表现为显著抑制(p<0.05),抑制率分别为34.1%和31.9%.以上结果表明,DOP对斑马鱼为中等毒性;斑马鱼肌肉组织ATPase、CAT和SOD可能是脱氧鬼臼毒素的作用标靶之一.  相似文献   

10.
研究了蒽和菲酶促降解的最佳反应条件及其动力学特性.结果表明,利用黄杆菌FCN2产生的胞内酶降解蒽、菲时的最佳pH为6,而且在弱酸性介质中胞内酶的活性较高;在30℃-35℃之间胞内酶能保持较好的降解活性,32℃时胞内酶活性最高.对蒽和菲酶促降解的米氏常数分别为3×10-4 mol·l-1和4×10-4 mol·l-1,相同实验条件下,对蒽降解的最大反应速率为2×10-6mol·l-1·min -1,对菲的最大反应速率为1×10-6mol·l-1·min -1.酶促降解蒽的反应级数接近于0.93,表观速率常数的对数lgk为-1.86,而降解菲的反应级数接近于0.76,表观速率常数的对数lgk为-2.05.  相似文献   

11.
Conservation science is a crisis discipline in which the results of scientific enquiry must be made available quickly to those implementing management. We assessed the extent to which scientific research published since the year 2000 in 20 conservation science journals is publicly available. Of the 19,207 papers published, 1,667 (8.68%) are freely downloadable from an official repository. Moreover, only 938 papers (4.88%) meet the standard definition of open access in which material can be freely reused providing attribution to the authors is given. This compares poorly with a comparable set of 20 evolutionary biology journals, where 31.93% of papers are freely downloadable and 7.49% are open access. Seventeen of the 20 conservation journals offer an open access option, but fewer than 5% of the papers are available through open access. The cost of accessing the full body of conservation science runs into tens of thousands of dollars per year for institutional subscribers, and many conservation practitioners cannot access pay‐per‐view science through their workplace. However, important initiatives such as Research4Life are making science available to organizations in developing countries. We urge authors of conservation science to pay for open access on a per‐article basis or to choose publication in open access journals, taking care to ensure the license allows reuse for any purpose providing attribution is given. Currently, it would cost $51 million to make all conservation science published since 2000 freely available by paying the open access fees currently levied to authors. Publishers of conservation journals might consider more cost effective models for open access and conservation‐oriented organizations running journals could consider a broader range of options for open access to nonmembers such as sponsorship of open access via membership fees. Obtención de Acceso Abierto a la Ciencia de la Conservación  相似文献   

12.
Summary Interactions were studied among alkaloid-containing legumes (Erythrina corallodendrum andSpartium junceum) and non-toxic plants (Citrus sinensis, Cucurbita moschata andEuphorbia tirucalli), several polyphagous homopterans,Aphis craccivora (Aphididae),Icerya purchasi, I. aegyptiaca (Margarodidae),Lepidosaphes ulmi (Diaspididae) andPlanococcus citri (Pseudococcidae), and some major natural enemies of these homopterans. Significant reductions in survival due to negative effects of alkaloid containing as compared with non-alkaloidal plants were recorded for the predatorsRodolia cardinalis andChilocorus bipustulatus, but not forCryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae),Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) andSympherobius sanctus (Neuroptera: Sympherobiidae). The development time of the larvae or pupae ofR. cardinalis, C. carnea andS. sanctus was longer on the toxic plants than on the non-toxic ones. The percentage of parasitism ofA. craccivora collected from the non-alkaloidal plantsVicia palaestina andMelilotus albus was much higher than that onS. junceum. The parasitoid complexes ofA. craccivora differed between both plant groups. The nutritive value of honeydew ofI. purchasi andA. craccivora, as expressed by the life span ofEncyrtus infelix (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) adults, was also investigated. Life spans were significantly longer when the wasps fed on honeydew produced on non-alkaloidal plants (C. sinensis andPittosporum tobira) than on alkaloid containing plants whenI. purchasi — but notA. craccivora — was the producer. It is suggested that the chemical defense ofE. corallodendrum andS. junceum is exploited by polyphagous phytophages to reduce predation. In nature, population growth and density of four of the investigated homopterans are conspicuously high when they developed on the alkaloid containing plant species, and very low on non-alkaloid plants. The efficiency of their natural enemies may be reduced by sequestration of alkaloids (or other toxic plant compounds) or their transfer into excreted honeydew. Therefore it is assumed that a generalist phytophagous homopteran may be protected from its natural enemies, although at different rates of efficiency, if it can safely sequester the host allelochemical when it develops on toxic species within its host range.  相似文献   

13.
A bioblitz inexpensively and quickly generates biodiversity data, but bioblitzes are often conducted with haphazard, unreplicated sampling. Results tend to be taxonomically, geographically, or temporally biased, lack metadata, and consist of lists of observed taxa that do not enable further analyses or correction for imperfect detection. A rapid, recurring, structured survey (RRSS) uses a structured sampling design and temporal and spatial replication to survey randomly selected sites on a conservation property. We participated in a loosely structured bioblitz and a subsequent RRSS at Big Canoe Creek Nature Preserve in Springville (St. Clair County), Alabama (USA) to compare observed richness derived from the 2 survey approaches. The RRSS data structure enabled us to fit models that accounted for imperfect detection to estimate abundances, occupancy probabilities, and habitat associations. The loosely structured bioblitz data could not be used in such models. We present a new integrated multispecies abundance model that we applied to avian RRSS data. Our model extension enables estimation for the community, employs data augmentation to estimate the number of undetected species, and incorporates covariates. The RRSS generated a more comprehensive and less biased list of observed taxonomic richness than the loosely structured bioblitz (e.g., 73 vs. 45 bird species and 104 vs. 63 insect families from the RRSS vs. loosely structured bioblitz, respectively). Models fit to the RRSS data identified seasonal patterns in avian community composition and allowed for estimation of habitat–occupancy relationships for insect taxa. The RRSS protocol has potential for broad transferability as a standardized, quick, and inexpensive way to inventory biodiversity and estimate ecological parameters while providing an outreach opportunity.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Two South American polyphagous leaf beetles,Diabrotica speciosa andCerotoma arcuata, selectively accumulated the bitter tasting compound 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin D in their body after ingesting root tissues of cucurbit plants. Similarly, three Asian Cucurbitaceae-feeding specialists in the genusAulacophora were found to sequester the same compound. Cucurbitacin analogs were shown to deter feeding by a bird predator, indicating an allomonal role for these compounds in cucurbitacin-associated chrysomelid leaf beetles both of New and Old Worlds. The strong affinity to cucurbitacins, selective sequestration of the analogs and consequent protection from predators suggested an ecological adaptation mechanism developed in common among these two geographically isolated subtribes in the Luperini.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract: In East Africa fire and grazing by wild and domestic ungulates maintain savannas, and pastoralists historically set fires and herded livestock through the use of temporary corrals called bomas. In recent decades traditional pastoral practices have declined, and this may be affecting biodiversity. We investigated the effects of prescribed fires and bomas on savanna bird communities in East Africa during the first and second dry seasons of the year (respectively before and after the rains that mark the onset of breeding for most birds). We compared abundance, richness, and community composition on 9‐ha burned plots, recently abandoned bomas, and control plots in the undisturbed matrix habitat over a 3‐year period. Generally, recently burned areas and abandoned bomas attracted greater densities of birds and had different community assemblages than the surrounding matrix. The effects of disturbances were influenced by interactions between primary productivity, represented by the normalized difference vegetation index, and time. Bird densities were highest and a greater proportion of species was observed on burned plots in the months following the fires. Drought conditions equalized bird densities across treatments within 1 year, and individuals from a greater proportion of species were more commonly observed on abandoned bomas. Yearly fluctuations in abundance were less pronounced on bomas than on burns, which indicate that although fire may benefit birds in the short term, bomas may have a more‐lasting positive effect and provide resources during droughts. Several Palearctic migrants were attracted to burned plots regardless of rainfall, which indicates continued fire suppression may threaten their already‐declining populations. Most notably, the paucity of birds observed on the controls suggests that the current structure of the matrix developed as a result of fire suppression. Traditional pastoralism appears critical to the maintenance of avian diversity in these savannas.  相似文献   

16.
Land-use change via human development is a major driver of biodiversity loss. To reduce these impacts, billions of dollars are spent on biodiversity offsets. However, studies evaluating offset project effectiveness that examine components such as the overall compliance and function of projects remain rare. We reviewed 577 offsetting projects in freshwater ecosystems that included the metrics project size, type of aquatic system (e.g., wetland and creek), offsetting measure (e.g., enhancement, restoration, and creation), and an assessment of the projects’ compliance and functional success. Project information was obtained from scientific and government databases and gray literature. Despite considerable investment in offsetting projects, crucial problems persisted. Although compliance and function were related to each other, a high level of compliance did not guarantee a high degree of function. However, large projects relative to area had better function than small projects. Function improved when projects targeted productivity or specific ecosystem features and when multiple complementary management targets were in place. Restorative measures were more likely to achieve targets than creating entirely new ecosystems. Altogether the relationships we found highlight specific ecological processes that may help improve offsetting outcomes.  相似文献   

17.
An argument is presented in which areas of natural arsenic contamination of modern groundwaters throughout Asia have a common origin. Arsenic originally accumulated in oceanic ferro-manganoan sediments of the eastern Palaeo-Tethys. This was further concentrated through oceanic crustal extinction in what later became the south-east Chinese accreted mineralised terrain. Proto-Himalayan uplift of this area created the palaeo-drainage systems of the Ganges – Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Mekong, and Red Rivers, with consequent headwater erosion of arsenic-rich sediments. Their downstream deposition as immature and easily redistributed Neogene sandstones, silts, and iron-rich clays has created secondary and tertiary reservoirs of adsorbed and authigenic arsenic, from which the current arsenic-rich groundwaters have evolved. Considering river basins within the above palaeo-hydrogeological framework provides a basis for assessing the risk of arsenic in groundwater basins of south and south-eastern Asia.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract: The last century has seen the ascendance of a core economic model, which we will refer to as Walrasian economics. This model is driven by the psychological assumptions that humans act only in a self‐referential and narrowly rational way and that production can be described as a self‐contained circular flow between firms and households. These assumptions have critical implications for the way economics is used to inform conservation biology. Yet the Walrasian model is inconsistent with a large body of empirical evidence about actual human behavior, and it violates a number of basic physical laws. Research in behavioral science and neuroscience shows that humans are uniquely social animals and not self‐centered rational economic beings. Economic production is subject to physical laws including the laws of thermodynamics and mass balance. In addition, some contemporary economic theory, spurred by exciting new research in human behavior and a wealth of data about the negative global impact of the human economy on natural systems, is moving toward a world view that places consumption and production squarely in its behavioral and biophysical context. We argue that abandoning the straightjacket of the Walrasian core is essential to further progress in understanding the complex, coupled interactions between the human economy and the natural world. We call for a new framework for economic theory and policy that is consistent with observed human behavior, recognizes the complex and frequently irreversible interaction between human and natural systems, and directly confronts the cumulative negative effects of the human economy on the Earth's life support systems. Biophysical economics and ecological economics are two emerging economic frameworks in this movement.  相似文献   

19.
Effects of Coffee Management on Deforestation Rates and Forest Integrity   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Knowledge about how forest margins are utilized can be crucial for a general understanding of changes in forest cover, forest structure, and biodiversity across landscapes. We studied forest‐agriculture transitions in southwestern Ethiopia and hypothesized that the presence of coffee (Coffea arabica)decreases deforestation rates because of coffee's importance to local economies and its widespread occurrence in forests and forest margins. Using satellite images and elevation data, we compared changes in forest cover over 37 years (1973–2010) across elevations in 2 forest‐agriculture mosaic landscapes (1100 km2 around Bonga and 3000 km2 in Goma‐Gera). In the field in the Bonga area, we determined coffee cover and forest structure in 40 forest margins that differed in time since deforestation. Both the absolute and relative deforestation rates were lower at coffee‐growing elevations compared with at higher elevations (?10/20% vs. ?40/50% comparing relative rates at 1800 m asl and 2300–2500 m asl, respectively). Within the coffee‐growing elevation, the proportion of sites with high coffee cover (>20%) was significantly higher in stable margins (42% of sites that had been in the same location for the entire period) than in recently changed margins (0% of sites where expansion of annual crops had changed the margin). Disturbance level and forest structure did not differ between sites with 30% or 3% coffee. However, a growing body of literature on gradients of coffee management in Ethiopia reports coffee's negative effects on abundances of forest‐specialist species. Even if the presence of coffee slows down the conversion of forest to annual‐crop agriculture, there is a risk that an intensification of coffee management will still threaten forest biodiversity, including the genetic diversity of wild coffee. Conservation policy for Ethiopian forests thus needs to develop strategies that acknowledge that forests without coffee production may have higher deforestation risks than forests with coffee production and that forests with coffee production often have lower biodiversity value. Efectos de la Administración Cafetalera sobre las Tasas de Deforestación y la Integridad de los Bosques  相似文献   

20.
Large, intact areas of tropical peatland are highly threatened at a global scale by the expansion of commercial agriculture and other forms of economic development. Conserving peatlands on a landscape scale, with their hydrology intact, is of international conservation importance to preserve their distinctive biodiversity and ecosystem services and maintain their resilience to future environmental change. We explored threats to and opportunities for conserving remaining intact tropical peatlands; thus, we excluded peatlands of Indonesia and Malaysia, where extensive deforestation, drainage, and conversion to plantations means conservation in this region can protect only small fragments of the original ecosystem. We focused on a case study, the Pastaza‐Marañón Foreland Basin (PMFB) in Peru, which is among the largest known intact tropical peatland landscapes in the world and is representative of peatland vulnerability. Maintenance of the hydrological conditions critical for carbon storage and ecosystem function of peatlands is, in the PMFB, primarily threatened by expansion of commercial agriculture linked to new transport infrastructure that is facilitating access to remote areas. There remain opportunities in the PMFB and elsewhere to develop alternative, more sustainable land‐use practices. Although some of the peatlands in the PMFB fall within existing legally protected areas, this protection does not include the most carbon‐dense (domed pole forest) areas. New carbon‐based conservation instruments (e.g., REDD+, Green Climate Fund), developing markets for sustainable peatland products, transferring land title to local communities, and expanding protected areas offer pathways to increased protection for intact tropical peatlands in Amazonia and elsewhere, such as those in New Guinea and Central Africa which remain, for the moment, broadly beyond the frontier of commercial development.  相似文献   

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