Was sind hormone?

Historically, the meaning of the term hormone has changed during the last decades. Morphological studies of secreting cells lead Feyrter to the concept of paracrine action of some hormones. While endocrine regulators are blood-borne, paracrine messengers reach their target cells through the diffusion in the intracellular space. Though it is rather difficult to draw a line between true hormones and hormone-like substances, valid definitions for endocrine and paracrine regulatory systems can be given. The term "hormonal control' should be restricted to endocrine systems. For effectors acting by paracrine mechanisms, the term paramone is proposed in this article.     

Evolving trends in steroid hormone receptor research

Recent advances have challenged classical notions regarding the nature of steroid hormone receptors in the cell including localization, activation, configuration, and stability. Molecular biology has revealed a remarkable similarity in the primary structure of a wide variety of receptor classes that goes beyond steroid action. Post-translational modification of a primary unit, expressed in response to genetic conservatism, would appear to assure receptor dynamics specific to hormone-, organ-, and tissue-dependent processes, and may even lead to toxicity and oncogenicity.     

气溶胶粒径吸湿增长与散射吸湿增长的关系

基于成都市2017年10~12月AURORA-3000积分浊度计、AE-31黑碳仪和GRIMM180环境颗粒物监测仪的地面逐时观测资料,以及该时段同时次的环境气象监测数据（大气能见度、相对湿度RH和NO₂质量浓度）,通过Mie散射理论与免疫进化算法反演气溶胶粒径吸湿增长因子Gf（RH）,并利用光学综合法测量气溶胶散射吸湿增长因子f（RH）,探究了Gf（RH）与f（RH）之间的关系.结果表明：当RH<85%,Gf（RH）和f（RH）随RH的增加均表现为平缓式增长;当RH>85%,Gf（RH）和f（RH）随RH的增加则均呈现出爆发式增长.Sigmoid函数f（RH）=17.34/（1+e^{-2.43·[Gf（RH）-2.15}]）较好地拟合了f（RH）随Gf（RH）的变化形态,其f（RH）拟合值与测量值之间的决定系数（R²）和平均相对误差（MRE）分别为0.97和4.01%.利用sigmoid函数计算Gf（RH）,模拟了观测时段内一次灰霾演化过程中气溶胶的散射系数b_sp（RH）和吸收系数b_ap,二者的模拟值与测量值基本吻合,对应的R²分别为0.99和0.98,MRE分别为2.94%和5.24%.     

气溶胶粒径吸湿增长与散射吸湿增长的关系

基于成都市2017年10~12月AURORA-3000积分浊度计、AE-31黑碳仪和GRIMM180环境颗粒物监测仪的地面逐时观测资料,以及该时段同时次的环境气象监测数据（大气能见度、相对湿度RH和NO₂质量浓度）,通过Mie散射理论与免疫进化算法反演气溶胶粒径吸湿增长因子Gf（RH）,并利用光学综合法测量气溶胶散射吸湿增长因子f（RH）,探究了Gf（RH）与f（RH）之间的关系.结果表明：当RH<85%,Gf（RH）和f（RH）随RH的增加均表现为平缓式增长;当RH>85%,Gf（RH）和f（RH）随RH的增加则均呈现出爆发式增长.Sigmoid函数f（RH）=17.34/（1+e^{-2.43·[Gf（RH）-2.15}]）较好地拟合了f（RH）随Gf（RH）的变化形态,其f（RH）拟合值与测量值之间的决定系数（R²）和平均相对误差（MRE）分别为0.97和4.01%.利用sigmoid函数计算Gf（RH）,模拟了观测时段内一次灰霾演化过程中气溶胶的散射系数b_sp（RH）和吸收系数b_ap,二者的模拟值与测量值基本吻合,对应的R²分别为0.99和0.98,MRE分别为2.94%和5.24%.     

用ALMANAC作物生长模型模拟冬小麦生长

冬小麦是黄淮海地区的主要农作物。精确模拟冬小麦产量能够帮助生产者获得更好的经济效益。根据实验资料调整了ALMANAC作物生长模型部分参数后,用其对该地区的冬小麦生长进行了模拟,结果显示ALMANAC模型能够较好地模拟冬小麦的叶面积指数和产量。叶面积指数的模拟结果与实测结果的比值为1.0552,可决系数R2为0.7021;生物量模拟的最大误差为-6.01%,经济产量模拟的最大误差为-5.41%。模型还可以揭示影响冬小麦生长的主要胁迫因素。     

Dechloranes exhibit binding potency and activity to thyroid hormone receptors

Dechloranes are a group of halogenated flame retardants with a basic bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene, including Dechlorane Plus(DP), Dechlorane 602(Dec 602), Dechlorane 603(Dec 603) and Dechlorane 604(Dec 604). A few epidemiological investigations and animal experiments have shown that DP exhibited thyroid-interfering effects. In the present study, we investigated whether DP and three other dechloranes could interfere the thyroid function through thyroid hormone receptors(TRs, TR α and TR β) signaling pat...     

Effects of chronic and subtoxic chlorobenzenes on adrenocorticotrophic hormone release

Many environmental chemicals and pesticides have been found to alter neuroendocrine communication in exposed biological objects. The environmental loads have primary and secondary effects that can alter the homeostatic regulation potential. Since it is difficult to avoid human exposition, a potentially important area of research to develop in vivo and in vitro experimental models. In this context, the primary aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of chlorobenzenes on adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) release. In our experimental study, male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/b.w. (body weight) kg of 1,2,4- trichlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene (ClB) mix via gastric tube for 30, 60 or 90 days. At the endpoints of the experiment blood samples were taken and animals were decapitated. Primary, monolayer adenohypophysis cell cultures were prepared by enzymatic and mechanical digestion. The ACTH hormone content in serum and supernatant media was measured by immuno-chemiluminescence assay. The Mg^2 +-dependent ATPase activity was determined by modified method of Martin and Dotty. Significant differences were detected in the hormone release between the control and treated groups. The hormone release was enhanced characteristically in exposed groups depending upon the dose and duration of exposure. The Mg^2 +-ATPase activity enhanced after chronic and subtoxic ClB exposition. Light microscopy revealed that the adenohypophysis seemed to be more abundant. Results indicate that Wistar rats exposed to subtoxic ClB have direct and indirect effects on hypothalamus–hypophysis–adrenal axis.